k8s黑科技：Linux+Vagrant+VirtualBox开启Kubernetes奇幻之旅

ghostwritten2025-04-03 21:25

文章目录

    • [1. 准备硬件](#1. 准备硬件)
    • [2. 安装系统](#2. 安装系统)
    • [3. 安装 VNC](#3. 安装 VNC)
    • [4. 基础配置](#4. 基础配置)
      • [4.1 路由转发](#4.1 路由转发)
      • [4.2 防火墙](#4.2 防火墙)
      • [4.3 selinux](#4.3 selinux)
      • [4.4 安装包](#4.4 安装包)
      • [4.5 重启](#4.5 重启)
    • [5. 配置代理](#5. 配置代理)
    • [6. 安装 virtuabox](#6. 安装 virtuabox)
    • [7. 安装 vagrant](#7. 安装 vagrant)
    • [8. 配置 kubespray](#8. 配置 kubespray)
      • [8.1 安装依赖工具](#8.1 安装依赖工具)
      • [8.2 定制 Vagrantfile](#8.2 定制 Vagrantfile)
      • [8.3 配置代理与时间同步](#8.3 配置代理与时间同步)
      • [8.4 配置私有镜像仓库](#8.4 配置私有镜像仓库)
    • [9. 安装虚拟机与 kubernetes](#9. 安装虚拟机与 kubernetes)
    • [10. 卸载](#10. 卸载)

1. 准备硬件

  • 一台服务器：
    • disk：1T + 256G
    • cpu：36
    • mem：128G
  • 交换机：万兆
  • 移动硬盘：30G+
  • HDK显示器 ：4k（为了方便当服务器放置机房可以远程电脑控制界面）
  • 开启VT-D
  • 开启VMX
  • 开启SR-IOV


2. 安装系统

配置ip：

安装操作系统后，下一步安装VNC，为了方便远程。

配置地址ip

3. 安装 VNC

参考：在Rocky Linux 8上设置RealVNC服务器和客户端|AlmaLinux 8

下载：VNC-Server-6.11.0-Linux-x64.rpm

bash 复制代码 
yum -y install VNC-Server-6.11.0-Linux-x64.rpm

VNC 安装完成后，停止服务器，拔掉占用空间的显示器，换成HDK 4k转换器。就可以将服务器放到机房，我们通过自己的电脑就可以桌面远程该服务器了。

打开vnc ，注册

bash 复制代码 
$ cat vnc.lic 
VND7Z-M22AB-MQD7R-GAAKF-2B4BA

测试通过客户端电脑远程该机器。

连接成功，代表vnc server 安装成功。

4. 基础配置

4.1 路由转发

bash 复制代码 
$ modprobe br_netfilter
$ cat <<EOF>> /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF
$ sysctl -p

4.2 防火墙

bash 复制代码 
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl status firewalld

4.3 selinux

bash 复制代码 
setenforce 0 && getenforce
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

4.4 安装包

bash 复制代码 
$ dnf update
dnf -y install zsh git vim rsync net-tools epel-release wget python3.12 python3.12-pip

4.5 重启

bash 复制代码 
reboot

5. 配置代理

注意：仅面向中国大陆客户需要配置代理，在配置代理时，请根据您的实际网络环境和业务需求进行调整，确保代理服务能够稳定、高效地工作。

6. 安装 virtuabox

VirtualBox 是一款由 Oracle 开发和维护的开源虚拟化软件，支持在 Windows、macOS、Linux 等主流操作系统上运行多个虚拟机（VM）。它允许用户在同一台物理计算机上同时运行多个不同的操作系统，如 Windows、Linux、BSD 甚至 macOS，广泛应用于开发、测试和学习环境。

VirtualBox 具备完整的虚拟化功能，包括快照管理、虚拟网络配置、硬件加速（VT-x/AMD-V）、共享文件夹和远程桌面访问等。

安装 Virtuabox 请参考这篇文档：

7. 安装 vagrant

Vagrant 是一个开源虚拟化管理工具，专为自动化和简化虚拟机环境的创建、配置和管理而设计。它通过 Vagrantfile 统一定义虚拟机的配置，支持 VirtualBox、VMware、KVM、Hyper-V 等多个虚拟化平台，并与 Ansible、Docker 及 Kubernetes 等工具无缝集成。

bash 复制代码 
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://rpm.releases.hashicorp.com/RHEL/hashicorp.repo
sudo yum -y install vagrant

8. 配置 kubespray

Kubespray 是一个基于 Ansible 的 Kubernetes 集群自动化部署工具，支持在多种基础设施（如裸金属服务器、公有云、私有云等）上快速搭建高可用集群。它兼容 kubeadm，提供灵活的配置选项，支持多种网络插件（如 Calico、Flannel、Cilium），并具备负载均衡、持久化存储集成等功能。

Kubespray 通过 Ansible Playbook 实现无代理（Agentless）部署，简化了 Kubernetes 安装和管理，使用户能够以基础设施即代码（IaC）的方式定制集群配置。适用于需要自定义集群架构的大规模生产环境。

下载 kubespray

bash 复制代码 
$ wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/archive/refs/tags/v2.26.0.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf v2.26.0.tar.gz

8.1 安装依赖工具

bash 复制代码 
$ cd kubespray-2.26.0
$ dnf -y install  python3.12
$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
$ python3.12 get-pip.py
$ pip3.12 --version
pip 25.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip (python 3.12)
$ pip --version
pip 25.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip (python 3.12)
$ pip install -r requirements.txt

8.2 定制 Vagrantfile

使用 Vagrant 搭建一个 Kubernetes 开发测试环境，需要定义集群节点的 CPU、内存、磁盘、网络 等关键参数，并使用 VirtualBox 作为虚拟化后端。

bash 复制代码 
$ cd kubespray-2.26.0
$ vim Vagrantfile
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# # vi: set ft=ruby :

# For help on using kubespray with vagrant, check out docs/vagrant.md

require 'fileutils'

Vagrant.require_version ">= 2.0.0"

CONFIG = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ENV['KUBESPRAY_VAGRANT_CONFIG'] || 'vagrant/config.rb')

SUPPORTED_OS = {
  "ubuntu2204"          => {box: "generic/ubuntu2204",         user: "vagrant"},
  "ubuntu2404"          => {box: "bento/ubuntu-24.04",         user: "vagrant"},
  "rockylinux8"         => {box: "bento/rockylinux-8",         user: "vagrant"},
  "rockylinux9"         => {box: "bento/rockylinux-9",         user: "vagrant"},
  "opensuse"            => {box: "opensuse/Leap-15.4.x86_64",  user: "vagrant"},
  "opensuse-tumbleweed" => {box: "opensuse/Tumbleweed.x86_64", user: "vagrant"},
  "oraclelinux8"        => {box: "generic/oracle8",            user: "vagrant"},
  "rhel8"               => {box: "generic/rhel8",              user: "vagrant"},
}

if File.exist?(CONFIG)
  require CONFIG
end

# Defaults for config options defined in CONFIG
$num_instances ||= 3
$instance_name_prefix ||= "k8s"
$vm_gui ||= false
$vm_memory ||= 16384
$vm_cpus ||= 8
$vm_network ||= "private_network"
$kube_master_vm_memory ||= 4096
$kube_master_vm_cpus ||= 4
$upm_control_plane_vm_memory ||= 32768
$upm_control_plane_vm_cpus ||= 8
$shared_folders ||= {}
$forwarded_ports ||= {}
$subnet ||= "172.18.8"
$subnet_split4 ||=100
$subnet_ipv6 ||= "fd3c:b398:0698:0756"
$netmask ||= "255.255.255.0"
$gateway ||= "172.18.8.1"
$dns_server ||= "8.8.8.8"
$bridge_nic ||= "en0" # 当是public_network时，这里填写网卡名称，如"en0"
$time_zone ||= "Asia/Shanghai"
$os ||= "rockylinux9"
$network_plugin ||= "calico"
# Setting multi_networking to true will install Multus: https://github.com/k8snetworkplumbingwg/multus-cni
$multi_networking ||= "False"
$download_run_once ||= "True"
$download_force_cache ||= "False"
$kube_version ||= "v1.29.7"
# The first three nodes are etcd servers
$etcd_instances ||= [$num_instances, 3].min
# The first two nodes are kube masters
$kube_master_instances ||= [$num_instances, 2].min
# All nodes are kube nodes
$kube_node_instances ||= $num_instances
# UPM controller nodes
$upm_ctl_instances ||= 1
# The following only works when using the libvirt provider
$kube_node_instances_with_disks ||= false
$kube_node_instances_with_disks_size ||= "20G"
$kube_node_instances_with_disks_number ||= 2
$kube_node_instances_with_disk_dir ||= ENV['HOME']
$kube_node_instances_with_disk_suffix ||= 'xxxxxxxx'
$local_path_provisioner_enabled ||= "False"
$local_path_provisioner_claim_root ||= "/opt/local-path-provisioner/"
$libvirt_nested ||= false
# boolean or string (e.g. "-vvv")
$ansible_verbosity ||= false
$ansible_tags ||= ENV['VAGRANT_ANSIBLE_TAGS'] || ""
$provider ||= ENV['VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER'] || ""

$vagrant_pwd ||= "root"
$vagrant_dir ||= File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ".vagrant")

$playbook ||= "cluster.yml"
$extra_vars ||= {}

node_instances_begin = [$etcd_instances, $kube_master_instances].max
host_vars = {}

# throw error if os is not supported
if ! SUPPORTED_OS.key?($os)
  puts "Unsupported OS: #{$os}"
  puts "Supported OS are: #{SUPPORTED_OS.keys.join(', ')}"
  exit 1
end

$box = SUPPORTED_OS[$os][:box]
# if $inventory is not set, try to use example
$inventory = "inventory/sample" if ! $inventory
$inventory = File.absolute_path($inventory, File.dirname(__FILE__))

# if $inventory has a hosts.ini file use it, otherwise copy over
# vars etc to where vagrant expects dynamic inventory to be
if ! File.exist?(File.join(File.dirname($inventory), "hosts.ini"))
  $vagrant_ansible = File.join(File.absolute_path($vagrant_dir), "provisioners", "ansible")
  FileUtils.mkdir_p($vagrant_ansible) if ! File.exist?($vagrant_ansible)
  $vagrant_inventory = File.join($vagrant_ansible,"inventory")
  FileUtils.rm_f($vagrant_inventory)
  FileUtils.ln_s($inventory, $vagrant_inventory)
end

if Vagrant.has_plugin?("vagrant-proxyconf")
  $no_proxy = ENV['NO_PROXY'] || ENV['no_proxy'] || "localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.0.0/16,10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,::1,.bsgchina.com"
  (1..$num_instances).each do |i|
    $no_proxy += ",#{$subnet}.#{i+$subnet_split4}"
  end
end

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|

  config.vm.box = $box
  if SUPPORTED_OS[$os].has_key? :box_url
    config.vm.box_url = SUPPORTED_OS[$os][:box_url]
  end
  config.ssh.username = SUPPORTED_OS[$os][:user]

  # plugin conflict
  if Vagrant.has_plugin?("vagrant-vbguest") then
    config.vbguest.auto_update = false
  end

  # always use Vagrants insecure key
  config.ssh.insert_key = false

  (1..$num_instances).each do |i|
    config.vm.define vm_name = "%s-%01d" % [$instance_name_prefix, i] do |node|
      node.vm.hostname = vm_name
      if Vagrant.has_plugin?("vagrant-proxyconf")
        node.proxy.http     = ENV['HTTP_PROXY'] || ENV['http_proxy'] || ""
        node.proxy.https    = ENV['HTTPS_PROXY'] || ENV['https_proxy'] ||  ""
        node.proxy.no_proxy = $no_proxy
      end

      if i <= node_instances_begin
        memory_size = "#{$kube_master_vm_memory}"
        cpu_num = "#{$kube_master_vm_cpus}"
      elsif i > node_instances_begin && i <= node_instances_begin + $upm_ctl_instances
        memory_size = "#{$upm_control_plane_vm_memory}"
        cpu_num = "#{$upm_control_plane_vm_cpus}"
      else
        memory_size = "#{$vm_memory}"
        cpu_num = "#{$vm_cpus}"
      end

      ["vmware_fusion", "vmware_workstation"].each do |vmware|
        node.vm.provider vmware do |v|
          v.vmx['memsize'] = memory_size
          v.vmx['numvcpus'] = cpu_num
        end
      end

      node.vm.provider "parallels" do |prl|
        prl.memory = memory_size
        prl.cpus = cpu_num
        prl.linked_clone = true
        prl.update_guest_tools = false
        prl.check_guest_tools = false
      end

      node.vm.provider :virtualbox do |vb|
        vb.memory = memory_size
        vb.cpus = cpu_num
        vb.gui = $vm_gui
        vb.linked_clone = true
        vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--vram", "8"] # ubuntu defaults to 256 MB which is a waste of precious RAM
        vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--audio", "none"]
      end

      node.vm.provider :libvirt do |lv|
        lv.nested = $libvirt_nested
        lv.cpu_mode = "host-model"
        lv.memory = memory_size
        lv.cpus = cpu_num
        lv.default_prefix = 'kubespray'
        # Fix kernel panic on fedora 28
        if $os == "fedora"
          lv.cpu_mode = "host-passthrough"
        end
      end

      if $kube_node_instances_with_disks && i > node_instances_begin
        # install lvm2 package
        node.vm.provision "shell", inline: "sudo dnf install -y lvm2"
        # Libvirt
        driverletters = ('a'..'z').to_a
        disk_dir = "#{$kube_node_instances_with_disk_dir}"
        node.vm.provider :libvirt do |lv|
          # always make /dev/sd{a/b/c} so that CI can ensure that
          # virtualbox and libvirt will have the same devices to use for OSDs
          (1..$kube_node_instances_with_disks_number).each do |d|
            disk_path = "#{disk_dir}/disk-#{i}-#{driverletters[d]}-#{$kube_node_instances_with_disk_suffix}.disk"
            lv.storage :file, :device => "hd#{driverletters[d]}", :path => disk_path, :size => $kube_node_instances_with_disks_size, :bus => "scsi"
          end
        end
        node.vm.provider :virtualbox do |vb|
          # always make /dev/sd{a/b/c} so that CI can ensure that
          # virtualbox and libvirt will have the same devices to use for OSDs
          (1..$kube_node_instances_with_disks_number).each do |d|
            disk_path = "#{disk_dir}/disk-#{i}-#{driverletters[d]}-#{$kube_node_instances_with_disk_suffix}.disk"
            if !File.exist?(disk_path)
              vb.customize ['createhd', '--filename', disk_path, '--size', $kube_node_instances_with_disks_size] # 10GB disk
            end
            vb.customize ['storageattach', :id, '--storagectl', 'SATA Controller', '--port', d, '--device', 0, '--type', 'hdd', '--medium', disk_path, '--nonrotational', 'on', '--mtype', 'normal']
          end
        end

        node.vm.provider :parallels do |prl|
          (1..$kube_node_instances_with_disks_number).each do |d|
            prl.customize ['set', :id, '--device-add', 'hdd', '--iface', 'nvme', '--size', $kube_node_instances_with_disks_size, '--type', 'expand']
          end
        end
      end

      $forwarded_ports.each do |guest, host|
        node.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: guest, host: host, auto_correct: true
      end

      if ["rhel8"].include? $os
        # Vagrant synced_folder rsync options cannot be used for RHEL boxes as Rsync package cannot
        # be installed until the host is registered with a valid Red Hat support subscription
        node.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: false
        $shared_folders.each do |src, dst|
          node.vm.synced_folder src, dst
        end
      else
        node.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: false, type: "rsync", rsync__args: ['--verbose', '--archive', '--delete', '-z'] , rsync__exclude: ['.git','venv']
        $shared_folders.each do |src, dst|
          node.vm.synced_folder src, dst, type: "rsync", rsync__args: ['--verbose', '--archive', '--delete', '-z']
        end
      end

      ip = "#{$subnet}.#{i+$subnet_split4}"
      if $vm_network == "public_network"
        node.vm.network :public_network,
          :ip => ip,
          :netmask => $netmask,
          :bridge => $bridge_nic,
          :libvirt__guest_ipv6 => 'yes',
          :libvirt__ipv6_address => "#{$subnet_ipv6}::#{i+100}",
          :libvirt__ipv6_prefix => "64",
          :libvirt__forward_mode => "none",
          :libvirt__dhcp_enabled => false
        if ["rockylinux8","rockylinux9"].include? $os
          # Set default gateway
          node.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
            sudo nmcli connection modify "eth0" ipv4.gateway ""
            sudo nmcli connection modify "eth0" ipv4.never-default yes
            sudo nmcli connection modify "System eth1" +ipv4.routes "0.0.0.0/0 #{$gateway}"
            sudo nmcli connection modify "System eth1" ipv4.gateway "#{$gateway}"
            sudo nmcli connection up "eth0"
            sudo nmcli connection up "System eth1"
            sudo echo -e "[main]\ndns=default\n\n[global-dns-domain-*]\nservers=#{$dns_server}" | sudo tee /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dns.conf
            sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager
          SHELL
        end
      else $vm_network == "private_network"
        node.vm.network :private_network,
          :ip => ip,
          :netmask => $netmask,
          :libvirt__guest_ipv6 => 'yes',
          :libvirt__ipv6_address => "#{$subnet_ipv6}::#{i+100}",
          :libvirt__ipv6_prefix => "64",
          :libvirt__forward_mode => "none",
          :libvirt__dhcp_enabled => false
        if ["rockylinux8","rockylinux9"].include? $os
        # Set default gateway
          node.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
            sudo nmcli connection modify "System eth1" ipv4.gateway "#{$gateway}"
            sudo nmcli connection up "System eth1"
            sudo echo -e "[main]\ndns=default\n\n[global-dns-domain-*]\nservers=#{$dns_server}" | sudo tee /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dns.conf
            sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager
          SHELL
        end
      end

      # if provider = virtualbox , set ethtool -K net device tx-checksum-ip-generic off
      if $provider == "virtualbox"
        if ["rockylinux8","rockylinux9"].include? $os
          node.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
            sudo ethtool -K eth0 tx-checksum-ip-generic off
            sudo ethtool -K eth1 tx-checksum-ip-generic off
            sudo nmcli conn modify eth0 ethtool.feature-tx-checksum-ip-generic off
            sudo nmcli conn modify 'System eth1' ethtool.feature-tx-checksum-ip-generic off
          SHELL
        end
      end

      # Disable swap for each vm
      node.vm.provision "shell", inline: "swapoff -a"

      # Set password for vagrant user
      node.vm.provision "shell", inline: "echo 'vagrant:#{$vagrant_pwd}' | sudo chpasswd"

      # link kubectl to /usr/bin/kubectl
      node.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
        sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/kubectl /usr/bin/kubectl
        sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/helm /usr/bin/helm
        sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/nerdctl /usr/bin/nerdctl
        sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/crictl /usr/bin/crictl
      SHELL
      # ubuntu2004 and ubuntu2204 have IPv6 explicitly disabled. This undoes that.
      if ["ubuntu2204"].include? $os
        node.vm.provision "shell", inline: "rm -f /etc/modprobe.d/local.conf"
        node.vm.provision "shell", inline: "sed -i '/net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6/d' /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf"
      end

      # Rockylinux boxes needs UEFI
      if ["rockylinux8", "rockylinux9"].include? $os
        config.vm.provider "libvirt" do |domain|
          domain.loader = "/usr/share/OVMF/x64/OVMF_CODE.fd"
        end
      end

      # Disable firewalld on oraclelinux/redhat vms
      if ["oraclelinux","oraclelinux8","rhel7","rhel8","rockylinux8","rockylinux9"].include? $os
        node.vm.provision "shell", inline: "systemctl stop firewalld; systemctl disable firewalld"
      end

      # Set timezone
      node.vm.provision "shell", inline: "timedatectl set-timezone #{$time_zone}"

      host_vars[vm_name] = {
        "ip": ip,
        "flannel_interface": "eth1",
        "kube_network_plugin": $network_plugin,
        "kube_network_plugin_multus": $multi_networking,
        "download_run_once": $download_run_once,
        "download_localhost": "False",
        "download_cache_dir": ENV['HOME'] + "/kubespray_cache",
        # Make kubespray cache even when download_run_once is false
        "download_force_cache": $download_force_cache,
        # Keeping the cache on the nodes can improve provisioning speed while debugging kubespray
        "download_keep_remote_cache": "False",
        "docker_rpm_keepcache": "1",
        # These two settings will put kubectl and admin.config in $inventory/artifacts
        "kubeconfig_localhost": "True",
        "kubectl_localhost": "True",
        "local_path_provisioner_enabled": "#{$local_path_provisioner_enabled}",
        "local_path_provisioner_claim_root": "#{$local_path_provisioner_claim_root}",
        "helm_enabled": "True",
        "ansible_ssh_user": SUPPORTED_OS[$os][:user],
        "ansible_ssh_private_key_file": File.join(Dir.home, ".vagrant.d", "insecure_private_key"),
        "unsafe_show_logs": "True",
        "kube_version": "#{$kube_version}"
      }

      # Only execute the Ansible provisioner once, when all the machines are up and ready.
      # And limit the action to gathering facts, the full playbook is going to be ran by testcases_run.sh
      if i == $num_instances
        node.vm.provision "ansible" do |ansible|
          ansible.playbook = $playbook
          ansible.compatibility_mode = "2.0"
          ansible.verbose = $ansible_verbosity
          $ansible_inventory_path = File.join( $inventory, "hosts.ini")
          if File.exist?($ansible_inventory_path)
            ansible.inventory_path = $ansible_inventory_path
          end
          ansible.become = true
          ansible.limit = "all,localhost"
          ansible.host_key_checking = false
          ansible.raw_arguments = ["--forks=#{$num_instances}", "--flush-cache", "-e ansible_become_pass=vagrant"]
          ansible.host_vars = host_vars
          ansible.extra_vars = $extra_vars
          if $ansible_tags != ""
            ansible.tags = [$ansible_tags]
          end
          ansible.groups = {
            "etcd" => ["#{$instance_name_prefix}-[1:#{$etcd_instances}]"],
            "kube_control_plane" => ["#{$instance_name_prefix}-[1:#{$kube_master_instances}]"],
            "kube_node" => ["#{$instance_name_prefix}-[1:#{$kube_node_instances}]"],
            "k8s_cluster:children" => ["kube_control_plane", "kube_node"],
          }
        end
      end
    end
  end
end
bash 复制代码 
$ mkdir vagrant
$ vim vagrant/config.rb
$instance_name_prefix = "94node-k8s"
$vm_cpus = 8
$vm_memory = 16384
$kube_node_instances_with_disks = true
$kube_node_instances_with_disks_size = 102400
$kube_node_instances_with_disks_number = 1
$kube_node_instances_with_disk_dir = "/home/admin/VirtualBox VMs/disks"
$override_disk_size = true
$disk_size = "80GB"
$num_instances = 6
$etcd_instances = 1
$kube_master_instances = 1
$os = "rockylinux9"
$subnet = "192.168.24"
$netmask = "255.255.240.0"
$bridge_nic = "enp2s0f0"
$network_plugin = "calico"
$multi_networking = "False"
$inventory = "inventory/94node"
$shared_folders = { 'temp/docker_rpms' => "/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce/packages" }

以下是各参数的详细说明：

  • instance_name_prefix：设置集群实例的前缀，所有节点的名称将以 "94node-k8s" 开头。
  • num_instances：定义集群总共 6 台 虚拟机（Kubernetes 节点）。
  • etcd_instances：单独部署 1 台 etcd 实例，用于存储 Kubernetes 集群数据。
  • kube_master_instances：配置 1 台 Master 节点，其余节点默认为 Worker 节点。
  • vm_cpus：每个虚拟机分配 8 核 CPU。
  • vm_memory：每个虚拟机分配 16GB 内存。
  • kube_node_instances_with_disks：启用 附加数据盘，用于持久化存储（如 PV、日志等）。
  • kube_node_instances_with_disks_size：附加磁盘大小 100GB（102400MB）。
  • kube_node_instances_with_disks_number：每个节点附加 1 块磁盘。
  • kube_node_instances_with_disk_dir：指定虚拟磁盘存储路径 /home/admin/VirtualBox VMs/disks。
  • override_disk_size：是否覆盖默认磁盘大小（启用）。
  • disk_size：根磁盘大小 80GB。
  • os：指定操作系统为 Rocky Linux 9。
  • subnet：Kubernetes 集群的 子网前缀，IP 规划范围为 192.168.24.0/20。
  • netmask：子网掩码 255.255.240.0，支持 4096 个 IP 地址。
  • bridge_nic：设置 桥接网络接口，指定宿主机上的物理网卡 enp2s0f0 作为桥接设备，使虚拟机能直接访问外部网络。
  • network_plugin：选择 Calico 作为 Kubernetes CNI 网络插件，提供高效的 网络策略管理 和 BGP 路由支持。
  • multi_networking：设置是否启用多网络（此处 禁用）。
  • inventory：定义 Ansible 需要使用的 Kubernetes 目标清单文件。
  • shared_folders：挂载本地目录 temp/docker_rpms 至虚拟机 /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce/packages，方便 离线安装 Docker 相关 RPM 包。

创建inventory清单目录：

bash 复制代码 
$ cp -r inventory/sample inventory/94node

8.3 配置代理与时间同步

注意：仅面向中国大陆客户需要配置代理，在配置代理时，请根据您的实际网络环境和业务需求进行调整，确保代理服务能够稳定、高效地工作。

bash 复制代码 
$ vim /home/admin/mg-95node/kubespray-2.26.0/inventory/95node/group_vars/all/all.yml
http_proxy: "http://192.168.21.101:7890"
https_proxy: "http://192.168.21.101:7890"

## Refer to roles/kubespray-defaults/defaults/main/main.yml before modifying no_proxy
# no_proxy: ""
no_proxy: "localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.0.0/16,10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,::1,.bsgchina.com"

## Some problems may occur when downloading files over https proxy due to ansible bug
## https://github.com/ansible/ansible/issues/32750. Set this variable to False to disable
## SSL validation of get_url module. Note that kubespray will still be performing checksum validation.
# download_validate_certs: False

## If you need exclude all cluster nodes from proxy and other resources, add other resources here.
# additional_no_proxy: ""
additional_no_proxy: "localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.0.0/16,10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,::1,.bsgchina.com"


ntp_enabled: true
ntp_manage_config: true
ntp_servers:
  - "cn.pool.ntp.org iburst"
  - "ntp1.aliyun.com iburst"
  - "ntp2.aliyun.com iburst"
  - "ntp3.aliyun.com iburst"
  - "ntp4.aliyun.com iburst"

8.4 配置私有镜像仓库

在开发测试环境中部署 Kubernetes 时，配置私有镜像仓库至关重要。私有仓库不仅能够提升镜像拉取速度，减少对外部网络的依赖，还可以提高镜像管理的安全性和可控性。

bash 复制代码 
$ vim /home/admin/mg-95node/kubespray-2.26.0/inventory/95node/group_vars/all/containerd.yml
# Registries defined within containerd.
containerd_registries_mirrors:
  - prefix: quay.io
    mirrors:
    - host: http://harbor.bsgchina.com
      capabilities: ["pull", "resolve"]
      skip_verify: true

# containerd_max_container_log_line_size: -1

containerd_registry_auth:
  - registry: harbor.bsgchina.com
    username: admin
    password: Harbor12345

在 Kubespray 中，可以通过 containerd.yml 配置文件定义 containerd 镜像仓库镜像加速（Registry Mirrors） 及 私有仓库认证信息（Registry Authentication）。例如，配置 containerd_registries_mirrors 使 quay.io 的镜像请求重定向至 Harbor，从而优化拉取体验。同时，通过 containerd_registry_auth 配置 Harbor 认证信息，确保 Kubernetes 节点能够访问私有镜像。

9. 安装虚拟机与 kubernetes

从创建虚拟机到安装kubernetes完成。

bash 复制代码 
$ vagrant up

输出：

bash 复制代码 
vagrant up
Bringing machine '94node-k8s-1' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
Bringing machine '94node-k8s-2' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
Bringing machine '94node-k8s-3' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
Bringing machine '94node-k8s-4' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
Bringing machine '94node-k8s-5' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
Bringing machine '94node-k8s-6' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> 94node-k8s-1: Checking if box 'bento/rockylinux-9.4' version '202407.23.0' is up to date...
==> 94node-k8s-1: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> 94node-k8s-1: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> 94node-k8s-1: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    94node-k8s-1: Adapter 1: nat
    94node-k8s-1: Adapter 2: bridged
==> 94node-k8s-1: Forwarding ports...
    94node-k8s-1: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> 94node-k8s-1: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> 94node-k8s-1: Booting VM...
==> 94node-k8s-1: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    94node-k8s-1: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    94node-k8s-1: SSH username: vagrant
    94node-k8s-1: SSH auth method: private key
==> 94node-k8s-1: Machine booted and ready!
==> 94node-k8s-1: Checking for guest additions in VM...
==> 94node-k8s-1: Setting hostname...
==> 94node-k8s-1: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
==> 94node-k8s-1: Rsyncing folder: /home/admin/kubespray/ => /vagrant
==> 94node-k8s-1:   - Exclude: [".vagrant/", ".git", "venv"]
==> 94node-k8s-1: Rsyncing folder: /home/admin/kubespray/temp/docker_rpms/ => /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce/packages
==> 94node-k8s-1: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> 94node-k8s-1: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.
==> 94node-k8s-2: Checking if box 'bento/rockylinux-9.4' version '202407.23.0' is up to date...
==> 94node-k8s-2: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...

如果出现报错,修复完成后继续执行剩余任务，执行以下命令：

bash 复制代码 
$ vagrant provision

提示：第一次安装过程中，vagrant up会执行创建虚拟机并进行基础配置，然后通过kubespray 安装部署 kubernetes，

后续执行vagrant up只会执行启动虚拟机。

安装完成后，远程至创建的虚拟机 master 节点,拷贝/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf至跳板机 /root/.kube/config。

bash 复制代码 
$ vagrant ssh 94node-k8s-1 
$ sudo -i
$ sudo cat /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

跳板机安装 kubectl

bash 复制代码 
$ curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -LS https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
$ mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
$ chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/kubectl

virtualbox 虚拟机创建中，并自动进行基础配置。

bash 复制代码 
$ kubectl get node
NAME    STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
k8s-1   Ready    control-plane   15m   v1.29.7
k8s-2   Ready    <none>          14m   v1.29.7
k8s-3   Ready    <none>          14m   v1.29.7
k8s-4   Ready    <none>          14m   v1.29.7
k8s-5   Ready    <none>          14m   v1.29.7
k8s-6   Ready    <none>          14m   v1.29.7

10. 卸载

删除虚拟机操作

bash 复制代码 
$ vagrant destroy
    k8s-6: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'k8s-6' VM? [y/N] y
==> k8s-6: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> k8s-6: Destroying VM and associated drives...
    k8s-5: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'k8s-5' VM? [y/N] y
==> k8s-5: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> k8s-5: Destroying VM and associated drives...
    k8s-4: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'k8s-4' VM? [y/N] y
==> k8s-4: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> k8s-4: Destroying VM and associated drives...
    k8s-3: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'k8s-3' VM? [y/N] y
==> k8s-3: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> k8s-3: Destroying VM and associated drives...
    k8s-2: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'k8s-2' VM? [y/N] y
==> k8s-2: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> k8s-2: Destroying VM and associated drives...
    k8s-1: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'k8s-1' VM? [y/N] y
==> k8s-1: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> k8s-1: Destroying VM and associated drives...

参考：

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