贪吃蛇是一款经典的小游戏，最近尝试用Python实现它。先做一个基础版本实现以下目标：
1、做一个按钮，控制游戏开始
2、按Q键退出游戏
3、右上角显示一个记分牌
4、随机生成一个食物，蛇吃到食物后长度加一，得10分
5、蛇碰到边缘，游戏结束
6、蛇碰到自己，游戏结束
主流程代码（gluttonous_snake.py）如下：
python
import sys
import pygame
import random
from settings import Settings
from snake import Snake
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from food import Food
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
class GluttonousSnake:
""" 管理游戏资源和行为的类 """
def __init__(self):
""" 初始化游戏并创建游戏资源 """
pygame.init()
self.settings = Settings()
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇")
# 创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例
self.stats = GameStats(self)
# 创建记分牌
self.sb = Scoreboard(self)
self.food = Food(self)
self.snakes = []
self._create_snakes()
# 创建Play按钮
self.play_button = Button(self, "Play")
def _create_snakes(self):
""" 初始化创建长度为3的蛇 """
for snake_number in range(3):
self._create_snake(snake_number)
def _create_snake(self, snake_number):
""" 创建一段蛇身 """
snake = Snake(self)
self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
snake.x = self.settings.screen_width / 2
snake.y = self.settings.screen_height / 2 + snake_number * self.settings.snake_height
snake.rect.x = snake.x
snake.rect.y = snake.y
self.snakes.append(snake)
def _check_events(self):
# 监视键盘和鼠标的事件
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
self._check_keydown_events(event)
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)
def _check_play_button(self, mouse_pos):
""" 在玩家单击Play按钮时开始新游戏 """
button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
if button_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
# 重置游戏设置
self.stats.game_active = True
# 隐藏鼠标光标
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
self.stats.score = 0
self.sb.prep_score()
self.settings.snake_direction = 'up'
# 清空余下的蛇身
self.snakes.clear()
# 重新创建蛇身
self._create_snakes()
def _check_keydown_events(self, event):
# 响应按键
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
if self.settings.snake_direction == 'up' or self.settings.snake_direction == 'down':
self.settings.snake_direction = 'right'
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
if self.settings.snake_direction == 'up' or self.settings.snake_direction == 'down':
self.settings.snake_direction = 'left'
elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
if self.settings.snake_direction == 'right' or self.settings.snake_direction == 'left':
self.settings.snake_direction = 'up'
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
if self.settings.snake_direction == 'right' or self.settings.snake_direction == 'left':
self.settings.snake_direction = 'down'
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
def _update_snakes(self):
""" 更新蛇 """
snake_head = self.snakes[0]
self._create_snake_head(snake_head.rect.x, snake_head.rect.y)
""" 检查是否吃到食物 """
eat_food = self._check_eat_food()
if not eat_food:
self.snakes.pop()
def _check_edges(self):
""" 蛇碰到边缘时采取相应的措施 """
snake_head = self.snakes[0]
if snake_head.check_edges():
self.stats.game_active = False
# 显示鼠标光标
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def _check_eat_self(self, snake_head):
""" 是否碰到自己 """
for snake in self.snakes:
if snake.rect.colliderect(snake_head.rect):
self.stats.game_active = False
# 显示鼠标光标
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
break
def _check_eat_food(self):
""" 检测蛇吃到食物 """
snake_head = self.snakes[0]
food = self.food
if snake_head.rect.colliderect(food.rect):
food.rect.x = round(random.randrange(20, self.settings.screen_width - self.settings.snake_width * 2) / 20.0) * 20.0
food.rect.y = round(random.randrange(20, self.settings.screen_height - self.settings.snake_height * 2) / 20.0) * 20.0
self.stats.score += self.settings.food_score
self.sb.prep_score()
return True
else:
return False
def _create_snake_head(self, x, y):
""" 创建蛇头 """
snake = Snake(self)
if self.settings.snake_direction == 'up':
snake.x = x
snake.y = y - self.settings.snake_height
elif self.settings.snake_direction == 'down':
snake.x = x
snake.y = y + self.settings.snake_height
elif self.settings.snake_direction == 'right':
snake.x = x + self.settings.snake_width
snake.y = y
elif self.settings.snake_direction == 'left':
snake.x = x - self.settings.snake_width
snake.y = y
snake.rect.x = snake.x
snake.rect.y = snake.y
self._check_eat_self(snake)
self.snakes.insert(0, snake)
def run_game(self):
""" 开始游戏的主循环 """
while True:
self._check_events()
if self.stats.game_active:
if self.settings.update_count % 500 == 0: #控制游戏速度
self._update_snakes()
self._check_edges()
self.settings.update_count = 0
self.settings.update_count += 1
self._update_screen()
def _update_screen(self):
# 每次循环时都会重绘屏幕
self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
self.food.draw_food()
for snake in self.snakes:
snake.draw_snake()
# 如果游戏处于非活动状态，就绘制Play按钮
if not self.stats.game_active:
self.play_button.draw_button()
# 显示得分
self.sb.show_score()
# 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
pygame.display.flip()
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 创建实例并运行游戏
ai = GluttonousSnake()
ai.run_game()按钮类（button.py） ：
python
import pygame.font
class Button:
def __init__(self, ai_game, msg):
""" 初始化按钮的属性 """
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
# 设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
self.width, self.height = 100, 50
self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)
self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
# 创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
self.rect.y = 100
# 按钮的标签只需创建一次
self._prep_msg(msg)
def _prep_msg(self, msg):
""" 将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中 """
self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color, self.button_color)
self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
def draw_button(self):
# 绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本
self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)食物类（food.py）：
python
import pygame
class Food:
def __init__(self, ai_game):
""" 创建一个蛇身对象 """
super().__init__()
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.color = self.settings.food_color
# 在（0,0）处创建一个表示食物的矩形，再设置正确的位置
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.settings.food_width,
self.settings.food_height)
# 对于每个食物，都将其放在屏幕底部的中央
self.rect.x = self.settings.screen_width / 2
self.rect.y = self.settings.screen_height - 100
# 在食物的属性x中存储小数值
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
# 存储用小数点表示的食物位置
self.y = float(self.rect.y)
def draw_food(self):
""" 在屏幕上绘制食物 """
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)游戏状态（game_stats.py）：
python
class GameStats:
""" 跟踪游戏的统计信息 """
def __init__(self, ai_game):
""" 初始化统计信息 """
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.reset_stats()
# 游戏刚启动时处于非活动状态
self.game_active = False
def reset_stats(self):
""" 初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息 """
self.score = 0游戏设置（settings.py）：
python
class Settings:
def __init__(self):
""" 初始化游戏的静态设置 """
# 屏幕设置
self.screen_width = 800
self.screen_height = 600
self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)
# 游戏设置
self.update_count = 1
# 蛇身设置
self.snake_width = 20
self.snake_height = 20
self.snake_color = (0, 230, 0)
self.snake_direction = 'up'
# 食物设置
self.food_width = 20
self.food_height = 20
self.food_color = (230, 0, 0)
self.food_score = 10记分牌（scoreboard.py）：
python
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
class Scoreboard:
""" 显示得分信息的类 """
def __init__(self, ai_game):
""" 初始化显示得分涉及的属性 """
self.ai_game = ai_game
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.stats = ai_game.stats
# 显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
self.text_color = (30, 30, 30)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
# 准备初始得分的图像
self.prep_score()
def prep_score(self):
""" 将得分转换为一副渲染的图像 """
round_score = round(self.stats.score, -1)
score_str = "{:,}".format(round_score)
self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str, True,
self.text_color, self.settings.bg_color)
# 在屏幕右上角显示得分
self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
self.score_rect.top = 20
def show_score(self):
""" 在屏幕上显示得分 """
self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect)蛇对象（snake.py）：
python
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Snake(Sprite):
def __init__(self, ai_game):
""" 创建一个蛇身对象 """
super().__init__()
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.color = self.settings.snake_color
# 在（0,0）处创建一个表示一段蛇身的矩形，再设置正确的位置
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.settings.snake_width,
self.settings.snake_height)
# 对于每段蛇身，都将其放在屏幕底部的中央
self.rect.x = self.screen_rect.width + (self.settings.screen_width / 2)
self.rect.y = self.screen_rect.height + (self.settings.screen_height / 2)
# 在蛇身的属性x中存储小数值
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
# 存储用小数点表示的子弹位置
self.y = float(self.rect.y)
def draw_snake(self):
""" 在屏幕上绘制蛇身 """
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)
def check_edges(self):
""" 如果蛇位于屏幕边缘，就返回True """
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left <= 0 or self.rect.top <= 0 or self.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
return True运行游戏，下面是初始界面：
蛇碰到边缘，游戏结束界面：
蛇碰到自己，游戏结束界面：
以上是一个基础版本的代码实现，后续将对代码进行优化并丰富游戏的功能。