【Python爬虫实战篇】--Selenium爬取Mysteel数据

任务：爬取我的钢铁网的钢材价格指数数据，需要输入时间和钢材类型

网站：钢铁价格指数_今日钢铁价格指数实时行情走势_我的钢铁指数

1.环境搭建

1.环境搭建

先把selenium的环境配置好

python 复制代码

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.edge.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.edge.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains

import pandas as pd
import time

# 设置Edge浏览器选项
edge_options = Options()
edge_options.add_argument("--headless")  # 无头模式，不显示浏览器窗口
edge_options.add_argument("--disable-gpu")
edge_options.add_argument("--window-size=1920,1080")

# 指定Edge驱动路径（需要先下载对应版本的Edge驱动）
# 下载地址：https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/
edge_service = Service('D:\桌面文件\edgedriver_win64\msedgedriver.exe')  # 替换为你的Edge驱动路径

# 启动Edge浏览器
driver = webdriver.Edge(service=edge_service, options=edge_options)
url = "https://www.example.com"
driver.get(url)
# 获取网页标题
print(driver.title)

2.打开网站

实战演练都只能自己梳理流程，没有一样的，

我这边的任务是爬取钢铁价格指数，按日查询，需要手动输入规定时间范围

python 复制代码

url = "https://index.mysteel.com/xpic/detail.html?tabName=pugang"
driver.get(url)
# element = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "mRightBox")

# print(element.text)

3.点击右侧按钮展开

获取控件名称：

<img class="addBtn" src="//a.mysteelcdn.com/common/mysteel/dataIndex/images/icon.png" alt="">

python 复制代码

driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,  "img.addBtn[src*='icon.png']").click()

4.点击需要的钢材数据

<a id="LUOWEN" name="螺纹" href="javascript:void(0);" class="blue">螺纹</a>

python 复制代码

#点击综合
key1=driver.find_element(By.ID,  "LUOWEN")
key1.click()

5.点击"按日查询"

<a href="javascript:void(0);">按日查询</a>

有一些控件的属性和id都不好筛选，我感觉最直接办法就是获取：XPATH

python 复制代码

key2=driver.find_element(By.XPATH,  '//*[@id="searchTimeLiDiv"]/ul/li[1]/a')
key2.click()

6.输入日查询起始

点击完"按日查询"之后，会出现下面的起始和终止，然后点击空空框，弹出日历表：

获取控件：

<input type="text" readonly="readonly" size="15" id="startDay" class="calendarBtn">

python 复制代码

    start_date=driver.find_element(By.XPATH,  '//*[@id="startDay"]')
    # start_date.clear()
    start_date.click()

年：Xpath：/html/body/div $3$ /div $2$ /div/table/thead/tr $1$ /th $2$ /select $2$

下拉框选择：2021

python 复制代码

    from selenium.webdriver.common.by  import By
    from selenium.webdriver.support.ui  import Select
    # 选择年份（如果页面有年份下拉框）
    year_dropdown = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div/table/thead/tr[1]/th[2]/select[2]")
    year_dropdown.click()
    print("选择年份下拉框")

    # 选择年份<option value="1975">1975</option>
    # year_dropdown.find_element(By.XPATH,  f"//option[@value='{year}']").click()
    # print(f"选择年份：{year}")
    select = Select(year_dropdown)
    select.select_by_visible_text("2021")   # 根据文本选择

月份同理：01

python 复制代码

   #输出
    #选择月份  /html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div/table/thead/tr[1]/th[2]/select[1]
    month_dropdown = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div/table/thead/tr[1]/th[2]/select[1]")
    month_dropdown.click()
    print("选择月份下拉框")

    select1 = Select(month_dropdown)
    select1.select_by_visible_text("01")   # 根据文本选择
    print("选择月份：09")

日：

选择一号：

python 复制代码

    date_cell = driver.find_element(
        By.XPATH, "//td[contains(@class, 'available') and text()='1']"
    )
    date_cell.click()

完整代码：

python 复制代码

try:
        #点击综合
    key1=driver.find_element(By.ID,  "GANGCAIZONGHE")
    key1.click()
    # //*[@id="searchTimeLiDiv"]/ul/li[1]/a按日查询
    key2=driver.find_element(By.XPATH,  '//*[@id="searchTimeLiDiv"]/ul/li[1]/a')
    key2.click()

    #起始日期//*[@id="startDay"]
    start_date=driver.find_element(By.XPATH,  '//*[@id="startDay"]')
    # start_date.clear()
    start_date.click()

    driver.maximize_window()
    # 解析年月日
    target_date = "2021-09-01"
    year, month, day = target_date.split('-')


    # # 等待日历面板加载
    # WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    #     EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,  ".daterangepicker.dropdown-menu"))
    # )
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by  import By
    from selenium.webdriver.support.ui  import Select
    # 选择年份（如果页面有年份下拉框）
    year_dropdown = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div/table/thead/tr[1]/th[2]/select[2]")
    year_dropdown.click()
    print("选择年份下拉框")

    # 选择年份<option value="1975">1975</option>
    # year_dropdown.find_element(By.XPATH,  f"//option[@value='{year}']").click()
    # print(f"选择年份：{year}")
    select = Select(year_dropdown)
    select.select_by_visible_text("2021")   # 根据文本选择

    #输出
    #选择月份  /html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div/table/thead/tr[1]/th[2]/select[1]
    month_dropdown = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div/table/thead/tr[1]/th[2]/select[1]")
    month_dropdown.click()
    print("选择月份下拉框")

    select1 = Select(month_dropdown)
    select1.select_by_visible_text("01")   # 根据文本选择
    print("选择月份：09")

    # 选择日期
    date_cell = driver.find_element(
        By.XPATH, "//td[contains(@class, 'available') and text()='1']"
    )
    date_cell.click()
    print(f"选择日期：{day}")

except Exception as e:
    print(f"执行出错: {str(e)}")
    driver.save_screenshot('error.png')

7.输入日查询结束

和前前面差不多，唯一注意的地方就是，起始和结束的日历不是共享的一个，一个左一个右：

因为刚开始左边在前可以直接选择：而右边需要定位到右侧日历：/html/body/div $4$ /div $2$

python 复制代码

    left_calendar = driver.find_element(
        By.XPATH,
        '/html/body/div[4]/div[2]'
    )

    # 选择日期
    # left_calendar = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_SELECTOR, "calendar single left")
    # driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//td[contains(@class, 'available') and text()='2']")
    date_end_cell = left_calendar.find_element(
        By.XPATH,
        './/td[text()="1"]'
        )

完整代码：

python 复制代码

try:
    # //*[@id="searchTimeLiDiv"]/ul/li[1]/a按日查询
    key2=driver.find_element(By.XPATH,  '//*[@id="searchTimeLiDiv"]/ul/li[1]/a')
    key2.click()
    #终止日期//*[@id="endDay"]
    end_date=driver.find_element(By.XPATH,  '//*[@id="endDay"]')
    # start_date.clear()
    end_date.click()

    driver.maximize_window()
    # 解析年月日
    target_date = "2021-09-01"
    year, month, day = target_date.split('-')


    # # 等待日历面板加载
    # WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    #     EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,  ".daterangepicker.dropdown-menu"))
    # )
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by  import By
    from selenium.webdriver.support.ui  import Select
    # 选择年份（如果页面有年份下拉框）
    year_end_dropdown = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div/table/thead/tr[1]/th[2]/select[2]")
    year_end_dropdown.click()
    print("选择年份下拉框")

    # 选择年份<option value="1975">1975</option>
    # year_dropdown.find_element(By.XPATH,  f"//option[@value='{year}']").click()
    # print(f"选择年份：{year}")
    select_year_end = Select(year_end_dropdown)
    select_year_end.select_by_visible_text("2025")   # 根据文本选择

    #输出
    #选择月份  /html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div/table/thead/tr[1]/th[2]/select[1]
    month_end_dropdown = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div/table/thead/tr[1]/th[2]/select[1]")
    month_end_dropdown.click()
    print("选择月份下拉框")

    select_month_end = Select(month_end_dropdown)
    select1_month_end = select_month_end.select_by_visible_text("01")   # 根据文本选择
    print("选择月份：04")

        #/html/body/div[4]/div[2]
    #找到右侧日历
    left_calendar = driver.find_element(
        By.XPATH,
        '/html/body/div[4]/div[2]'
    )

    # 选择日期
    # left_calendar = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_SELECTOR, "calendar single left")
    # driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//td[contains(@class, 'available') and text()='2']")
    date_end_cell = left_calendar.find_element(
        By.XPATH,
        './/td[text()="1"]'
        )

    date_end_cell.click()
    driver.save_screenshot('C:\pythonProject\python爬虫\我的钢铁网\end_date.png')
    print(f"选择日期：{day}")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"执行出错: {str(e)}")
    driver.save_screenshot('error.png')

8.获取数据

设置完时间之后，点击查询：//* $@id="dome1"$ /table/tbody/tr/td $5$ /img

python 复制代码

#点击搜索按钮
search_btn=driver.find_element(By.XPATH,  '//*[@id="dome1"]/table/tbody/tr/td[5]/img')
search_btn.click()
driver.save_screenshot('C:\pythonProject\python爬虫\我的钢铁网\搜索之后.png')

定位表格：//* $@id="main"$ /section/section $2$ /section/div/table

爬取实时数据：

python 复制代码

element = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "mRightBox")
print(element.text)