一、suppose 是给出推理的前提,与事实无关,例如:
Suppose x >0. Then the square root of x is a real number. (假设x大于0,则x的平方根是实数。)
Suppose Jack and Alice share a private channel. Their communications will be secure.(假设Jack和爱丽丝拥有一个私密信道,他们的通信是安全的。)
上述例句很简单,可以用if代替suppose并合成一个句子,但这样削弱了推理的色彩,下面的例句就不能用if代替:
例如:
Let x, y and z be the three sides of a triangle. Suppose they satisfy that the square of z is the sum of the squares of y and z. ......(一通数学操作)Now we proved that this triangle is a right one.(x,y,z代表三角形的三个边,假设一个边长的平方等于另两边长平方和。......现在我们证明了这个三角形是直角三角形。)
何不尝试请DeepSeek 写例句!
"请以suppose作为开头写一段话,要求这段话是计算机科学领域的一个推理过程。"
DeepSeek 果然出手不凡:
Suppose we have a directed acyclic graph (DAG) representing tasks and their dependencies in a scheduling problem. If we perform a topological sort on this graph, the resulting linear ordering ensures that for every directed edge (u → v), task u appears before task v. This property allows us to schedule tasks in a way that all dependencies are resolved before execution. Now, if we assign each task a fixed execution time and compute the earliest start times via dynamic programming, we can determine the critical path---the longest path through the DAG, which dictates the minimum total time required to complete all tasks. This approach is foundational in algorithms for project management and parallel computing.
(译文:假设我们有一个表示调度问题中任务及其依赖关系的有向无环图(DAG)。若对该图进行拓扑排序,得到的线性序列能保证:对于每条边 (u → v),任务 u 总排在任务 v 之前。这一性质确保了调度时所有依赖均被优先执行。若进一步为每个任务分配固定执行时间,并通过动态规划计算最早开始时间,我们就能找到关键路径------即 DAG 中的最长路径,它决定了完成所有任务所需的最短总时间。该方法是项目管理和并行计算中算法的核心基础。)
哇,DeepSeek 太牛了!!
描述一个协议、算法时也用suppose给出前提条件,例如TCP三次握手(TCP Three-Way Handshake):
Suppose we have two hosts, A and B, establishing a TCP connection......
二、assume是给出设计、分析、实验、模拟的前提条件,与事实有关------是事实上合理的前提条件。
注意Suppose与事实无关,例如suppose x is greater than zero 不与任何事实有关,这里不能用Assume x is greater than zero.
例句:
Assume 20 to 50 servers are deployed. We will find out the time of service response vs. the number of servers.(假设布置20到50台服务器,我们将(通过模拟)得到与服务器数量有关的服务相应时间。)
上例的"假设"就是从事实出发的合理假设,不然得到的响应时间没有什么实际意义。
Assume the data is i.i.d(independent and identically distributed )Such an assumption is considered to be plausible in reality (假设数据是独立同分布的,这个假设在实际中是合理的。)
上例的假设是接下来分析的前提条件。上例还用到assume 的名词assumption 。
三、presume 表述一个预先假设的结论,然后验证它,而不是像suppose、assume作为前提条件。presume 在科技论文中很少用,就不举例了。
在科技写作中表述预先假设的结论用hypothesize (包括名词hypothesis ),但计算机科学一般不会用到这样的表述。