Rust入门

[安装 Rust](#安装 Rust)
[cargo - Rust 构建工具和包管理器](#cargo - Rust 构建工具和包管理器)

安装 Rust

使用 rustup安装Rust，rustup是一个用于管理 Rust 版本，及其相关工具的命令行工具。安装过程会因操作系统而略有不同。

类似Linix的系统

打开终端 terminal
运行以下命令，下载并执行rustup安装脚本

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
按照屏幕上的指示操作。默认的"标准安装"，通常足以满足大多数用户的需求

Windows

从 Rust 官方网站 (rust-lang.org/tools/install) 下载 rustup-init.exe 安装程序
运行下载的 rustup-init.exe 文件
按照屏幕上的说明进行操作。通常情况下，默认的"标准安装"，通常足以满足大多数用户的需求
在Windows上编译Rust，通常需要C++构建工具，这些工具通常由 Visual Studio 提供。如果未安装这些工具，rustup 安装程序可能会提示您安装，或者您可能需要单独安装它们

验证安装

安装完成后，通过打开一个新的终端，或命令提示符并运行以下命令来验证

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cargo --version

屏幕输出

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cargo 1.91.0 (ea2d97820 2025-10-10)

该命令输出 Cargo 的版本，cargo 是 Rust 的构建工具和包管理器，以确认 Rust 已成功安装。

可以用下列的命令，列出cargo工具的功能

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~$ cargo --list

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Installed Commands:
    add                  Add dependencies to a Cargo.toml manifest file
    b                    alias: build
    bench                Execute all benchmarks of a local package
    build                Compile a local package and all of its dependencies
    c                    alias: check
    check                Check a local package and all of its dependencies for errors
    clean                Remove artifacts that cargo has generated in the past
    clippy               Checks a package to catch common mistakes and improve your Rust code.
    config               Inspect configuration values
    d                    alias: doc
    doc                  Build a package's documentation
    fetch                Fetch dependencies of a package from the network
    fix                  Automatically fix lint warnings reported by rustc
    fmt                  Formats all bin and lib files of the current crate using rustfmt.
    generate-lockfile    Generate the lockfile for a package
    git-checkout         REMOVED: This command has been removed
    help                 Displays help for a cargo subcommand
    info                 Display information about a package
    init                 Create a new cargo package in an existing directory
    install              Install a Rust binary
    locate-project       Print a JSON representation of a Cargo.toml file's location
    login                Log in to a registry.
    logout               Remove an API token from the registry locally
    metadata             Output the resolved dependencies of a package, the concrete used versions including overrides, in machine-readable format
    miri
    new                  Create a new cargo package at <path>
    owner                Manage the owners of a crate on the registry
    package              Assemble the local package into a distributable tarball
    pkgid                Print a fully qualified package specification
    publish              Upload a package to the registry
    r                    alias: run
    read-manifest        DEPRECATED: Print a JSON representation of a Cargo.toml manifest.
    remove               Remove dependencies from a Cargo.toml manifest file
    report               Generate and display various kinds of reports
    rm                   alias: remove
    run                  Run a binary or example of the local package
    rustc                Compile a package, and pass extra options to the compiler
    rustdoc              Build a package's documentation, using specified custom flags.
    search               Search packages in the registry. Default registry is crates.io
    t                    alias: test
    test                 Execute all unit and integration tests and build examples of a local package
    tree                 Display a tree visualization of a dependency graph
    uninstall            Remove a Rust binary
    update               Update dependencies as recorded in the local lock file
    vendor               Vendor all dependencies for a project locally
    verify-project       DEPRECATED: Check correctness of crate manifest.
    version              Show version information
    yank                 Remove a pushed crate from the index

cargo - Rust 构建工具和包管理器

当使用rustup安装Rust时，构建工具和包管理器cargo。

常用的cargo功能

cargo new，产生一个应用程序项目
cargo build，编译。链接应用程序项目
cargo run，运行应用程序
cargo test，测试应用程序
cargo doc，生成应用程序项目文档
cargo publish，将库发布到 crates.io

$source$ HOME/.cargo/env
$cargo new hello$ cd hello
$cargo build$ cargo run

屏幕输出

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    Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.01s
     Running `target/debug/hello`
Hello, world!