文章目录
mysql
4. mysql 5.x源码安装
环境准备：
使用CentOS-7-template模板克隆mysql01
bash
#设置主机名
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname mysql01
#关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service --now
systemctl disable firewalld.service --now
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.mysql5.7稳定版安装
bash
#安装依赖包，ncurses（基础运行时库） ncurses-devel（可操作终端）bison（解析语法） cmake（源码编译工具） gcc，gcc-c++（编译器）
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake gcc gcc-c++
#配置程序用户（不允许终端登录）
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
#解压mysql和boost包到指定目录，boost是支持mysql底层c++运行的仓库
[root@mysql01 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Documents initial-setup-ks.cfg Pictures Templates
Desktop Downloads Music Public Videos
[root@mysql01 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Documents Music Public
boost_1_59_0.tar.gz Downloads mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz Templates
Desktop initial-setup-ks.cfg Pictures Videos
[root@mysql01 ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz -C /opt/
[root@mysql01 ~]# tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# cd /usr/local/
[root@mysql01 local]# mv boost_1_59_0/ boost
#配置安装环境
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# cd /opt/mysql-5.7.17/
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1
#注释
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ #安装路径
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ #客户端连服务的通讯文件
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ #mysql的配置文件
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ #pid进程文件存放位置
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ #字符集格式
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ #字符集位置
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #开启支持的存储引擎
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ #数据存放位置
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \ #底层的c++支持库位置
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 #id号
------注意：如果在CMAKE的过程中有报错，当报错解决后，需要把源码目录中的CMakeCache.txt文件删除，然后再重新CMAKE，否则错误依旧------------
#编译和安装
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# make && make install
#递归配置目录所属主和组
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
#编辑mysql的配置文件，直接全替换
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
#配置文件所属主和组
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
#配置环境变量
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# echo 'export PATH' >> /etc/profile
#加载修改过的配置
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# source /etc/profile
#数据库初始化
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@mysql01 mysql]# bin/mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2025-12-08T08:16:18.818356Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2025-12-08T08:16:18.937592Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2025-12-08T08:16:18.957216Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2025-12-08T08:16:19.012791Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 2c867e6e-d40e-11f0-95b6-000c29c02be2.
2025-12-08T08:16:19.013555Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2025-12-08T08:16:19.013967Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
[root@mysql01 mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@mysql01 mysql]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@mysql01 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@mysql01 mysql]# netstat -anpt | grep 3306
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 11779/mysqld
[root@mysql01 mysql]# systemctl enable mtsqld
Failed to execute operation: No such file or directory
[root@mysql01 mysql]# systemctl enable mysqld
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
#给root账号设置密码为huawei，提示输入的是原始密码（密码为空）。
[root@mysql01 mysql]# mysqladmin -u root -p password "123"
Enter password:
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
#登录mysql
[root@mysql01 mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
#授权远程登录
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'huawei' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@mysql01 mysql]# poweroff做完，拍摄快照
基础SQL-DDL语句
-
查询数据库
bash[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. #查看数据库 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) -
创建和使用数据库
bash#创建数据库school mysql> create database school; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) #查看数据库，看到新建的数据库school mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) #使用数据库school mysql> use school; Database changed #查看表 mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec) -
创建表结构
bashmysql> create table info ( id int not null primary key auto_increment, name char(10) not null, score decimal(5,2), address char(50) default '南京', hobby int not null ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_school | +------------------+ | info | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> desc info; +---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | char(10) | NO | | NULL | | | score | decimal(5,2) | YES | | NULL | | | address | char(50) | YES | | 南京 | | | hobby | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | +---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 5 rows in set (0.02 sec) -
添加表信息
bashmysql> insert into info (name,score,address,hobby) values ('唐三',90,'广州',1); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from info; +----+--------+-------+---------+-------+ | id | name | score | address | hobby | +----+--------+-------+---------+-------+ | 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 | +----+--------+-------+---------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into info (name,score,address,hobby) values ('叶凡',91,'伦敦',2); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into info (name,score,address,hobby) values ('喜羊羊',92,'',3); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from info; +----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+ | id | name | score | address | hobby | +----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+ | 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 | | 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 | | 3 | 喜羊羊 | 92.00 | | 3 | +----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into info (name,score,address,hobby) values ('曹操',93,default,4); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from info; +----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+ | id | name | score | address | hobby | +----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+ | 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 | | 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 | | 3 | 喜羊羊 | 92.00 | | 3 | | 4 | 曹操 | 93.00 | 南京 | 4 | +----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update info set address='华盛顿' where name='喜洋洋'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from info; +----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+ | id | name | score | address | hobby | +----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+ | 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 | | 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 | | 3 | 喜羊羊 | 92.00 | | 3 | | 4 | 曹操 | 93.00 | 南京 | 4 | +----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update info set address='华盛顿' where name='喜羊羊'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from info; +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ | id | name | score | address | hobby | +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 | | 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 | | 3 | 喜羊羊 | 92.00 | 华盛顿 | 3 | | 4 | 曹操 | 93.00 | 南京 | 4 | +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) -
修改表内容
bashmysql> update info set address='巴黎' where name='曹操'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from info; +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ | id | name | score | address | hobby | +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 | | 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 | | 3 | 喜羊羊 | 92.00 | 华盛顿 | 3 | | 4 | 曹操 | 93.00 | 巴黎 | 4 | +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update info set score=66.5,address='合肥' where id=4; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from info; +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ | id | name | score | address | hobby | +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 | | 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 | | 3 | 喜羊羊 | 92.00 | 华盛顿 | 3 | | 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 | +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from info where name='喜羊羊' ; +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ | id | name | score | address | hobby | +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ | 3 | 喜羊羊 | 92.00 | 华盛顿 | 3 | +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from info; +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ | id | name | score | address | hobby | +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 | | 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 | | 3 | 喜羊羊 | 92.00 | 华盛顿 | 3 | | 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 | +----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) -
删除表内容
bashmysql> delete from info where id=3; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from info; +----+--------+-------+---------+-------+ | id | name | score | address | hobby | +----+--------+-------+---------+-------+ | 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 | | 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 | | 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 | +----+--------+-------+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
python导出表
先配置pip源：
Windows系统：
在用户目录下（如 C:\Users\你的用户名\）创建一个名为 pip 的文件夹。
以我举例
C:\Users\69466
在 pip 文件夹内创建一个名为 pip.ini 的文件。
用记事本打开 pip.ini，输入以下内容并保存：
bash
[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cnpycharm下载软件包
bash
pip install pandas
pip install sqlalchemy
pip install pymysql
pip install openpyxl代码如下
bash
import pandas as pd
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
#创建数据连接
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:huawei@192.168.108.141:3306/school')
#执行获取数据
df = pd.read_sql('select * from info', engine)
print(df)
#导出到excel表格
df.to_excel('info.xlsx', index=False)
print('excel 导出成功！')
根据项目位置找到，输出的excel
5.mysql的备份与恢复
数据备份的重要性
-
在生产环境中，数据的安全性至关重要
-
任何数据的丢失都可能产生严重的后果
-
造成数据丢失的原因
-
程序错误
-
人为操作错误
-
运算错误
-
磁盘故障
-
灾难（如火灾、地震）和盗窃
-
数据库备份的分类
从物理与逻辑的角度，备份可分为
- 物理备份：对数据库操作系统的物理文件（如数据文件、日志文件等）的备份
- 物理备份方法
- 冷备份（脱机备份）：是在关闭数据库的时候进行的
- 热备份（联机备份）：数据库处于运行状态，依赖于数据库的日志文件
- 温备份：数据库锁定表格（不可写入但可读）的状态下进行备份操作
- 物理备份方法
- ·逻辑备份：对数据库逻辑组件（如：表等数据库对象）的备份
常见的备份方法
- 物理冷备
- 备份时数据库处于关闭状态，直接打包数据库文件
- 备份速度快，恢复时也是最简单的
- 专用备份工具mydump或mysqlhotcopy
- mysqldump常用的逻辑备份工具
- mysqlhotcopy仅拥有备份MylSAM和ARCHIVE表
- 启用二进制日志进行增量备份
- 进行增量备份，需要刷新二进制日志
- 第三方工具备份
- 免费的MvSQL热备份软件PerconaXtraBackup
冷备份
bash
#查看数据库里的内容
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name | score | address | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 |
| 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 |
| 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
# 备份（推荐写法）
# 先停止服务
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl stop mysql
Failed to stop mysql.service: Unit mysql.service not loaded.
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@mysql01 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/
[root@mysql01 data]# ls
auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile1 performance_schema sys
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 mysql school
[root@mysql01 data]# mkdir /mysql_bak
[root@mysql01 data]# tar czf /mysql_bak/-backup-$(date +%F).tar.gz *
[root@mysql01 data]# cd /mysql_bak/
[root@mysql01 mysql_bak]# ls
-backup-2025-12-09.tar.gz
# 备份完成后启动服务
[root@mysql01 mysql_bak]# systemctl start mysqld
#测试服务正常
[root@mysql01 mysql_bak]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name | score | address | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 |
| 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 |
| 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
# 删除数据
# 先停止服务
[root@mysql01 mysql_bak]# systemctl stop mysqld
# 清空数据目录（谨慎操作！）
[root@mysql01 mysql_bak]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
#再次开启测试，发现数据库坏了
[root@mysql01 mysql_bak]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@mysql01 mysql_bak]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
#停止数据库，恢复数据库
[root@mysql01 mysql_bak]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@mysql01 mysql_bak]# tar xzf /mysql_bak/-backup-2025-12-09.tar.gz -C /usr/local/mysql/data/
# 恢复权限
[root@mysql01 mysql_bak]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/
#启动服务
[root@mysql01 mysql_bak]# systemctl start mysqld
#测试
[root@mysql01 mysql_bak]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name | score | address | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 |
| 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 |
| 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#数据恢复逻辑备份
bash
#备份数据库
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p school > /mysql_bak/school.sql
Enter password:`123`
[root@mysql01 ~]# ls /mysql_bak/
-backup-2025-12-09.tar.gz school.sql
[root@mysql01 ~]# cat /mysql_bak/school.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.7.17, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost Database: school
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.7.17
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
--
-- Table structure for table `info`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `info`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `info` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` char(10) NOT NULL,
`score` decimal(5,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`address` char(50) DEFAULT '南京',
`hobby` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `info`
--
LOCK TABLES `info` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `info` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `info` VALUES (1,'唐三',90.00,'广州',1),(2,'叶凡',91.00,'伦敦',2),(4,'曹操',66.50,'合肥',4);
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `info` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
-- Dump completed on 2025-12-09 9:55:45
#备份多个数据
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases school mysql > /mysql_bak/school-mysql.sql
Enter password:`123`
[root@mysql01 ~]# cat /mysql_bak/school-mysql.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.7.17, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost Database: school
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.7.17
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
--
-- Current Database: `school`
--
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `school` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
USE `school`;
--
-- Table structure for table `info`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `info`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `info` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` char(10) NOT NULL,
`score` decimal(5,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`address` char(50) DEFAULT '南京',
`hobby` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `info`
--
LOCK TABLES `info` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `info` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `info` VALUES (1,'唐三',90.00,'广州',1),(2,'叶凡',91.00,'伦敦',2),(4,'曹操',66.50,'合肥',4);
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `info` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
#备份所有数据库
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --opt --all-dattabases >/mysql_bak/all.sql
mysqldump: [ERROR] unknown option '--all-dattabases'
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --opt --all-databases >/mysql_bak/all.sql
Enter password:`123`
#备份整个表
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p school info > /mysql_bak/info.sql
Enter password:`123`恢复数据
bash
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table info;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> source /mysql_bak/info.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name | score | address | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 |
| 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 |
| 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)增量备份
bash
[root@mysql01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql01 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1
#这段下面最后加一行
log-bin=mysql-bin
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@mysql01 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/
auto.cnf client-key.pem ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.index school
ca-key.pem ib_buffer_pool ibtmp1 performance_schema server-cert.pem
ca.pem ibdata1 mysql private_key.pem server-key.pem
client-cert.pem ib_logfile0 `mysql-bin.000001` public_key.pem sys
#先进行完整性备份
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p school > /opt/school.sql
Enter password:`123`
#保存前面做过的到00001,#日志刷新生效
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p flush-logs
Enter password:`123`
#新产生的mysql-bin.000002只记录上次刷新后的操作
[root@mysql01 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/
auto.cnf ib_buffer_pool mysql private_key.pem sys
ca-key.pem ibdata1 mysql-bin.000001 public_key.pem
ca.pem ib_logfile0 `mysql-bin.000002 ` school
client-cert.pem ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.index server-cert.pem
client-key.pem ibtmp1 performance_schema server-key.pem
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.17-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name | score | address | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 |
| 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 |
| 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#再次插入数据生产增量备份
mysql> insert into info(name,score,address,hobby) values ('美猴王',75,'武汉',1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name | score | address | hobby |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
| 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 |
| 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 |
| 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 |
| 5 | 美猴王 | 75.00 | 武汉 | 1 |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p flush-logs
Enter password:`123`
#新产生mysql-bin.000003日志记录insert操作
[root@mysql01 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/
auto.cnf ib_buffer_pool mysql performance_schema server-key.pem
ca-key.pem ibdata1 mysql-bin.000001 private_key.pem sys
ca.pem ib_logfile0 `mysql-bin.000002` public_key.pem
client-cert.pem ib_logfile1 `mysql-bin.000003 ` school
client-key.pem ibtmp1 mysql-bin.index server-cert.pem
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 5.7.17-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info;
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name | score | address | hobby |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
| 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 |
| 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 |
| 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 |
| 5 | 美猴王 | 75.00 | 武汉 | 1 |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info(name,score,address,hobby) values ('超人',83,'上海',2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name | score | address | hobby |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
| 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 |
| 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 |
| 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 |
| 5 | 美猴王 | 75.00 | 武汉 | 1 |
| 6 | 超人 | 83.00 | 上海 | 2 |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
#刷新日志生效
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p flush-logs
Enter password:
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.7.17-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info;
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name | score | address | hobby |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
| 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 |
| 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 |
| 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 |
| 5 | 美猴王 | 75.00 | 武汉 | 1 |
| 6 | 超人 | 83.00 | 上海 | 2 |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from info where id=6;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from info where id=5;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from info where id=6;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name | score | address | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 |
| 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 |
| 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@mysql01 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/
auto.cnf ib_buffer_pool mysql mysql-bin.index server-cert.pem
ca-key.pem ibdata1 mysql-bin.000001 performance_schema server-key.pem
ca.pem ib_logfile0 mysql-bin.000002 private_key.pem sys
client-cert.pem ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000003 public_key.pem
client-key.pem ibtmp1 mysql-bin.000004 school
#查看日志文件，vim看日志是乱码
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000003
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#251209 10:34:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x5cf45371 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.17-log created 251209 10:34:44
# at 123
#251209 10:34:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0x92440d11 Previous-GTIDs
# [empty]
# at 154
#251209 10:36:00 server id 1 end_log_pos 219 CRC32 0xb4b8fb0c Anonymous_GTID last_committed=0 sequence_number=1
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 219
#251209 10:36:00 server id 1 end_log_pos 293 CRC32 0xea02bb40 Query thread_id=10 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1765247760/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=10/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=1437073414/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 293
#251209 10:36:00 server id 1 end_log_pos 352 CRC32 0x047685d0 Table_map: `school`.`info` mapped to number 118
# at 352
#251209 10:36:00 server id 1 end_log_pos 413 CRC32 0xfb66ec92 Write_rows: table id 118 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `school`.`info`
### SET
### @1=6
### @2='超人'
### @3=83.00
### @4='上海'
### @5=2
# at 413
#251209 10:36:00 server id 1 end_log_pos 444 CRC32 0x88739396 Xid = 48
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 444
#251209 10:36:11 server id 1 end_log_pos 491 CRC32 0x467b42a4 Rotate to mysql-bin.000004 pos: 4
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000004
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#251209 10:36:11 server id 1 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x8f1323ac Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.17-log created 251209 10:36:11
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
# at 123
#251209 10:36:11 server id 1 end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0x07ef6ba1 Previous-GTIDs
# [empty]
# at 154
#251209 10:36:45 server id 1 end_log_pos 219 CRC32 0x04e9725d Anonymous_GTID last_committed=0 sequence_number=1
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 219
#251209 10:36:45 server id 1 end_log_pos 293 CRC32 0x8d22a25b Query thread_id=12 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1765247805/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=12/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=1437073414/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 293
#251209 10:36:45 server id 1 end_log_pos 352 CRC32 0xfe4713c7 Table_map: `school`.`info` mapped to number 118
# at 352
#251209 10:36:45 server id 1 end_log_pos 413 CRC32 0x21acac74 Delete_rows: table id 118 flags: STMT_END_F
### DELETE FROM `school`.`info`
### WHERE
### @1=6
### @2='超人'
### @3=83.00
### @4='上海'
### @5=2
# at 413
#251209 10:36:45 server id 1 end_log_pos 444 CRC32 0xae7a76fd Xid = 60
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 444
#251209 10:36:49 server id 1 end_log_pos 509 CRC32 0xce76288f Anonymous_GTID last_committed=1 sequence_number=2
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 509
#251209 10:36:49 server id 1 end_log_pos 583 CRC32 0xe9573c1c Query thread_id=12 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1765247809/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 583
#251209 10:36:49 server id 1 end_log_pos 642 CRC32 0x0f416065 Table_map: `school`.`info` mapped to number 118
# at 642
#251209 10:36:49 server id 1 end_log_pos 706 CRC32 0x7f97d7c5 Delete_rows: table id 118 flags: STMT_END_F
### DELETE FROM `school`.`info`
### WHERE
### @1=5
### @2='美猴王'
### @3=75.00
### @4='武汉'
### @5=1
# at 706
#251209 10:36:49 server id 1 end_log_pos 737 CRC32 0xac164a4e Xid = 61
COMMIT/*!*/;
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
#恢复操作，恢复时如果被拒绝，是有其他mysql进程占用了
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000003 |mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
#验证
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14
Server version: 5.7.17-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name | score | address | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| 1 | 唐三 | 90.00 | 广州 | 1 |
| 2 | 叶凡 | 91.00 | 伦敦 | 2 |
| 4 | 曹操 | 66.50 | 合肥 | 4 |
| 6 | 超人 | 83.00 | 上海 | 2 |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)6.主从复制和读写分离
使用目标：数据冗余和灾难恢复；提升并发能力、避免锁冲突。
MySQL读写分离原理
-
只在主服务器上写，只在从服务器上读
-
主数据库处理事务性查询，从数据库处理SELECT查询
-
数据库复制用于将事务性查询的变更同步到集群中的从数据库
-
读写分离方案
- 基于程序代码内部实现
- 基于中间代理层实现
- MySQL-Proxy
- Amoeba
- 在每个事务更新数据完成之前，Master将这些改变记录进二进制日志。写入二进制日志完成后，Master通知存储引擎提交事务。
- Slave将Master 的 Binary log复制到其中继日志(Relay log)。首先，Slave开始一个工作线程-1I/0线程,I/0线程在Master上打开一个普通的连接，然后开始Binlog dump process。Binlog dump process从Master 的二进制日志中读取事件，如果已经跟上Master，它会睡眠并等待Master产生新的事件。I/0线程将这些事件写入中继日志。
- SQLslavethread(SQ从线程）处理该过程的最后一步。SQL线程从中继日志读取事件，并重放其中的事件而更新Slave数据，使其与Master中的数据保持一致。只要该线程与I/0线程保持一致，中继日志通常会位于0S的缓存中，所以中继日志的开销很小。复制过程有一个很重要的限制，即复制在S1ave上是串行化的，也就是说Master上的并行更新操作不能在Slave上并行操作。
实验拓扑图
使用centos模板克隆产生应用客户端和amoeba
使用mysql模板克隆产生mysql主服务器，mysql从节点1，mysql从节点2
根据下表，将IP地址，主机名更改好
| 主机名 | IP地址 | 作用 |
|---|---|---|
| mysql-master | 192.168.108.101 | mysql主服务器 |
| mysql-slave01 | 192.168.108.102 | mysql从节点1 |
| mysql-slave02 | 192.168.108.103 | mysql从节点2 |
| amoeba | 192.168.108.110 | amoeba |
| mysql-client | 192.168.108.111 | 应用客户端 |
时间同步
通过时间戳实现业务的一致性
bash
# 所有节点
[root@mysql-master ~]# ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
9 Dec 11:33:41 ntpdate[3030]: adjust time server 118.31.3.89 offset -0.247978 sec
[root@mysql-master ~]# date -R
Tue, 09 Dec 2025 11:33:41 +0800
[root@mysql-master ~]#
[root@mysql-master ~]# systemctl disable firewalld --now
[root@mysql-master ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
9 Dec 11:33:38 ntpdate[2932]: adjust time server 118.31.3.89 offset 0.247038 sec
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# date -R
Tue, 09 Dec 2025 11:33:38 +0800
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]#
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld --now
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
9 Dec 11:33:30 ntpdate[3000]: adjust time server 223.4.249.80 offset 0.028585 sec
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# date -R
Tue, 09 Dec 2025 11:33:30 +0800
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]#
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld --now
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@amoeba ~]# ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
9 Dec 11:33:27 ntpdate[2904]: adjust time server 116.62.13.223 offset 0.450936 sec
[root@amoeba ~]# date -R
Tue, 09 Dec 2025 11:33:27 +0800
[root@amoeba ~]#
[root@amoeba ~]# systemctl disable firewalld --now
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@amoeba ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@mysql-client ~]# ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
9 Dec 11:33:16 ntpdate[3012]: adjust time server 118.31.3.89 offset 0.480504 sec
[root@mysql-client ~]# date -R
Tue, 09 Dec 2025 11:33:16 +0800
[root@mysql-client ~]#
[root@mysql-client ~]# systemctl disable firewalld --now
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@mysql-client ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled故障：使用此方法，对时完成后，无法重启mysqld服务
原因：之前在windows端使用navicat连接过mysql
解决：pkill -9 mysql;systemctl restart mysqld
mysql主服务器配置
bash
[root@mysql-master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql-master ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
`server-id = 11`
`log-bin = master-bin`
`log-slave-updates = true`
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
[root@mysql-master ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replicattion slave on *.* to 'myslave'@'192.168.108.%' identified by '123';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'replicattion slave on *.* to 'myslave'@'192.168.108.%' identified by '123'' at line 1
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'myslave'@'192.168.108.%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000001 | 604 | | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
#检查有没有master-bin.000001
[root@mysql-master ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/
auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile1 `master-bin.000001 ` mysql sys
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 master-bin.index performance_schemamysql从服务器配置，mysql-slave01,mysql-slave02都要做如下操作
bash
#主从是克隆的要做这个操作，否则UUID一致
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# rm -f /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
`server-id = 22`
#定义relay-log的位置和名称
`relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index`
#从主服务器上同步日志文件记录到本地
`relay-log = relay-log-bin`
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
#master_log_file，master_log_pos与前面查询的相同
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.108.101',master_user='myslave',master_password='123',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=604;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.108.101
Master_User: myslave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 604
Relay_Log_File: mysql-slave01-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 321
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
`Slave_IO_Running: Yes`
`Slave_SQL_Running: Yes`
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 604
Relay_Log_Space: 536
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 11
Master_UUID: 2c867e6e-d40e-11f0-95b6-000c29c02be2
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql-slave02
bash
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# rm -f /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
`server-id = 23`
`relay-log =relay-log-bin`
`relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index`
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# mysql -u root -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.108.101',master_user='myslave',master_password='123',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=604;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.108.101
Master_User: myslave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 604
Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 321
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
` Slave_IO_Running: Yes`
`Slave_SQL_Running: Yes`
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 604
Relay_Log_Space: 526
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 11
Master_UUID: 2c867e6e-d40e-11f0-95b6-000c29c02be2
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)验证主从同步
mysql
# 主服务器上:
[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.17-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE student (
-> id int UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
-> name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
-> age tinyint UNSIGNED,
-> #height DECIMAL(5,2),
-> gender ENUM('M','F') default 'M'
-> )ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert student (name,age)values('路飞',20);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql>
# 去从服务器上 show databases;
#mysql-slave01
mysql> select * from school.student;
+----+--------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+--------+------+--------+
| 10 | 路飞 | 20 | M |
+----+--------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
#mysql-slave02
mysql> select * from school.student;
+----+--------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+--------+------+--------+
| 10 | 路飞 | 20 | M |
+----+--------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>amoeba服务器
bash
#普通linux克隆
[root@amoeba ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname amoeba
[root@amoeba ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@amoeba ~]# setenforce 0
[root@amoeba ~]# chmod +x jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin
[root@amoeba ~]# ./jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin
#到yes的时候,输入yes按enter
[root@amoeba ~]# mv jdk1.6.0_14/ /usr/local/jdk1.6
#加在最下面
[root@amoeba ~]# vim /etc/profile
[root@amoeba ~]# tail -n 5 /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.6 #java家目录
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib #类环境和jre
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin/:$PATH:$HOME/bin
export AMOEBA_HOME=/usr/local/amoeba #指定amoeba路径
export PATH=$PATH:$AMOEBA_HOME/bin
[root@amoeba ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@amoeba ~]# mkdir /usr/local/amoeba
[root@amoeba ~]# tar zxvf amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/amoeba/
bin/
bin/amoeba
... ...
[root@amoeba ~]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/amoeba/
#执行结果显示amoeba start|stop说明安装成功
[root@amoeba ~]# /usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba
amoeba start|stop在三台mysql上添加权限开放给amoeba访问
bash
#amooba访问数据库的账号
[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.17-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant all on *.* to test@'192.168.108.%' identified by '123.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant all on *.* to test@'192.168.108.%' identified by '123.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant all on *.* to test@'192.168.108.%' identified by '123.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)回到amoeba服务器
bash
[root@amoeba ~]# cd /usr/local/amoeba/
[root@amoeba amoeba]# vim conf/amoeba.xml
---30行--
<property name="user">amoeba</property #客户端访问amoeba账号
----32行---------
<property name="password">123</property> #客户端访问ameoba密码
---117和120-去掉注释-
115行 <property name="defaultPool">master</property>
118行<property name="writePool">master</property>
119行<property name="readPool">slaves</property>
[root@amoeba amoeba]# vim conf/dbServers.xml
#数据库配置
---23--注意！！！（mysql5.7，默认没有test数据库所以需要修改为mysql数据库）-（mysql5.5直接忽略）--
<!-- mysql schema -->
<property name="schema">mysql</property>
--26行到30行
25 <!-- mysql user -->
26 <property name="user">test</property>
27
28 <!-- mysql password -->
29 <property name="password">123.com</property>
30
-----45到50行主服务器地址---
45行<dbServer name="master" parent="abstractServer">
48行<property name="ipAddress">192.168.108.101</property>
--52到57行从服务器主机名-
52行<dbServer name="slave1" parent="abstractServer">
--55-从服务器地址-
<property name="ipAddress">192.168.100.102</property>
---52到57行复制一份在58行后面
52行<dbServer name="slave2" parent="abstractServer">
--55-从服务器地址-
<property name="ipAddress">192.168.100.103</property>
---仅跟在上面的配置后面，multiPool行（本来就有，修改）
<dbServer name="slaves" virtual="true">
<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool #不改
<property name="poolNames">slave1,slave2</property>
</poolConfig> #不改
[root@amoeba amoeba]# /usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba start&
[1] 2719
[root@amoeba amoeba]# log4j:WARN log4j config load completed from file:/usr/local/amoeba/conf/log4j.xml
2025-12-09 14:28:04,067 INFO context.MysqlRuntimeContext - Amoeba for Mysql current versoin=5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-2.2.0
log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:/usr/local/amoeba/conf/access_list.conf
2025-12-09 14:28:05,422 INFO net.ServerableConnectionManager - Amoeba for Mysql listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
2025-12-09 14:28:05,423 INFO net.ServerableConnectionManager - Amoeba Monitor Server listening on /127.0.0.1:22783.
^C
[root@amoeba amoeba]# netstat -anpt |grep java
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:22783 :::* LISTEN 2719/java
tcp6 0 0 :::8066 :::* LISTEN 2719/java
tcp6 0 0 192.168.108.110:55256 192.168.108.103:3306 ESTABLISHED 2719/java
tcp6 0 0 192.168.108.110:51894 192.168.108.102:3306 ESTABLISHED 2719/java
tcp6 0 0 192.168.108.110:43658 192.168.108.101:3306 ESTABLISHED 2719/java
[root@amoeba amoeba]#测试客户端
bash
[root@mysql-client ~]# yum install -y mysql
#连接amoeba服务器，8086端口在amoeba上执行netstat -anpt|grep java看
[root@mysql-client ~]# mysql -u amoeba -p123 -h 192.168.108.110 -P8066
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1028854205
Server version: 5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-2.2.0 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.在MASTER上
bash
mysql> insert student (name,age) values ('鸣人',20);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+--------+------+--------+
| 10 | 路飞 | 20 | M |
| 11 | 鸣人 | 20 | M |
+----+--------+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#此时会同步
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+--------+------+--------+
| 10 | 路飞 | 20 | M |
| 11 | 鸣人 | 20 | M |
+----+--------+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)在两台从上
bash
# mysql-slave01
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
# mysql-slave02
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)在客户端主上，内容不会同步
bash
#mysql-client上添加，由于不会同步，只有mysql-master192.168.108.101节点有该记录
MySQL [(none)]> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MySQL [school]> insert student (name,age)values('卡卡西',30);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)在mysql-slave01上
bash
mysql> insert student (name,age) values('卡卡西',31);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql-slave02上
bash
mysql> insert student (name,age)values('卡卡西',32);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)验证主从复制
在mysql-slave01和mysql-slave02上查看
bash
# mysql-slave01
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-----------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+-----------+------+--------+
| 10 | 路飞 | 20 | M |
| 11 | 鸣人 | 20 | M |
| 12 | 卡卡西 | 31 | M |
+----+-----------+------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#mysql-slave02
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-----------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+-----------+------+--------+
| 10 | 路飞 | 20 | M |
| 11 | 鸣人 | 20 | M |
| 12 | 卡卡西 | 32 | M |
+----+-----------+------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)并没有将客户端写入的insert student (name,age)values('卡卡西',30);同步
在mysq-master上查看内容发现写入成功：
bash
# mysql-master
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-----------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+-----------+------+--------+
| 10 | 路飞 | 20 | M |
| 11 | 鸣人 | 20 | M |
| 12 | 卡卡西 | 30 | M |
+----+-----------+------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)验证读写分离
在客户端上测试，第一次会向从服务器1读数据-第二次会各从2读取
bash
#mysql-client
Mysql> select * from student;
+----+-----------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+-----------+------+--------+
| 10 | 路飞 | 20 | M |
| 11 | 鸣人 | 20 | M |
| 12 | 卡卡西 | 31 | M |
+----+-----------+------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [school]> select * from student;
+----+-----------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+-----------+------+--------+
| 10 | 路飞 | 20 | M |
| 11 | 鸣人 | 20 | M |
| 12 | 卡卡西 | 32 | M |
+----+-----------+------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#都是从从节点读取的，读写分离，由实验结果可知：客户端的读取内容，上从mysql-slave01和mysql-slave02上轮询得到的。7.MHA高可用
- 传统的MySQL主从架构存在的问题
- 单点故障
案例前置知识点
-
MHA概述
- 一套优秀的MySQL高可用环境下故障切换和主从复制的软件
- MySQL故障过程中，MHA能做到O-30秒内自动完成故障切换
-
MHA的组成
- MHA Manager(管理节点)
- MHA Node(数据节点）
-
MHA特点
- 自动故障切换过程中，MHA试图从宕机的主服务器上保存
- 二进制日志，最大程度的保证数据不丢失
- 使用半同步复制，可以大大降低数据丢失的风险
- 目前MHA支持一主多从架构，最少三台服务，即一主两从
使用场景：自动故障转移（Failover）和主从切换（Switchover）
实验拓扑图
实验思路
1.MHA架构
1）数据库安装
2）一主两从
3）MHA搭建
2.故障模拟
1）主库失效
2）备选主库成为主库
3）从库2将备选主库指向为主库
案例环境
- 本案例环境
使用centos模板克隆产生mha节点
使用mysql模板克隆产生mysql-master，mysql-slave01，mysql-slave02
根据下表，将IP地址，主机名更改好
| 主机名 | IP地址 | 作用 |
|---|---|---|
| mysql-master | 192.168.108.131 | mysql主服务器，安装node组件 |
| mysql-slave01 | 192.168.108.132 | mysql从节点1，安装node组件 |
| mysql-slave02 | 192.168.108.133 | mysql从节点2，安装node组件 |
| mha | 192.168.108.130 | amoeba，安装node组件、manager组件 |
这里操作系统是 CentOS7 版本，所以这里下载 MHA 版本是 0.57 版本。
- 案例需求
本案例要求通过 MHA 监控 MySQL 数据库在故障时进行自动切换，不影响业务。 - 案例实现思路
1） 安装 MySQL 数据库
2） 配置 MySQL 一主两从
3） 安装 MHA 软件
4） 配置无密码认证
5） 配置 MySQL MHA 高可用
6） 模拟 master 故障切换
在三台 MySQL 节点上分别安装前置环境
bash
#主从是克隆的要做这个操作，否则UUID一致
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# rm -f /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# rm -f /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# systemctl start mysqld安装编译依赖的环境
bash
#mysql-master，mysql-slave01，mysql-slave02配置
[root@mysql-master ~]# yum -y install perl-Module-Install
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# yum install -y perl-Module-Install
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# yum install -y perl-Module-Install修改 Master 的主配置文件/etc/my.cnf 文件
bash
[root@mysql-master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql-master ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
`server-id = 1`
`log-bin = master-bin`
`log-slave-updates = true`
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES配置从服务器：
在/etc/my.cnf 中修改或者增加下面内容。
bash
#mysql-slave01，请注释/etc/my.cnf 中 [client]下 #default-character-set=utf8
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
`#default-character-set=utf8`
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
`server-id = 2`
`log-bin = master-bin`
`relay-log = relay-log-bin`
`relay-log-index= slave-relay-bin.index`
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
`#default-character-set=utf8`
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
`server-id = 3`
`relay-log = relay-log-bin`
`relay-log-index= slave-relay-bin.index`
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES三节点都要操作
bash
[root@mysql-master ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/
[root@mysql-master ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/
[root@mysql-master ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld!IMPORTANT
mysql5.7注意
请注释/etc/my.cnf 中 【client】下 #default-character-set=utf8
一定要注释，否则报错
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/
配置 MySQL 一主两从
MySQL 主从配置相对比较简单。需要注意的是授权。步骤如下：
在所有数据库节点上授权两个用户，一个是从库同步使用，另外一个是 manager 使用。
mysql
[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'mysalve'@'192.168.108.%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.06 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'192.168.108.%' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
#mysql-slave01
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'myslave'@'192.168.108.%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'192.168.108.%' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#mysql-slave02
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'myslave'@'192.168.108.%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'192.168.108.%' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)下面三条授权按理论是不用添加的，但是做案例实验环境时候通过 MHA 检查MySQL 主从有报错，
报两个从库通过主机名连接不上主库，所以所有数据库加上下面的授权。
mysql
#mysql-master配置(mha@mysql-master与主机名相同)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'mysql-master' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'mysql-slave01' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'mysql-slave01' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#mysql-slave01配置(mha@mysql-master与主机名相同)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'mysql-master' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'mysql-slave01' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'mysql-slave02' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#mysql-slave02配置(mha@mysql-master与主机名相同)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'mysql-master' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'mysql-slave01' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'mysql-slave02' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)在mysql-master主机上查看二进制文件和同步点
mysql
[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| `master-bin.000002 | 621` | | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)接下来在 mysql-slave01 和 mysql-slave02分别执行同步。
mysql
#mysql-slave01
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.108.131',master_user='myslave',master_passwo
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#mysql-slave02
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.108.131',master_user='myslave',master_passwo
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)查看 IO 和 SQL 线程都是 yes 代表同步是否正常
bash
#mysql-slave01
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.108.131
Master_User: myslave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 621
Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 321
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
`Slave_IO_Running: Yes`
`Slave_SQL_Running: Yes`
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 621
Relay_Log_Space: 526
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 2c867e6e-d40e-11f0-95b6-000c29c02be2
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#mysql-slave02
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.108.131
Master_User: myslave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 621
Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 321
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
`Slave_IO_Running: Yes`
`Slave_SQL_Running: Yes`
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 621
Relay_Log_Space: 526
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 2c867e6e-d40e-11f0-95b6-000c29c02be2
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)必须设置两个从库为只读模式：
bash
#mysql-slave01
mysql> set global read_only=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#mysql-slave02
mysql> set global read_only=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)注意：设置完成直接验证主从复制功能
安装 MHA 软件
所有服务器上都安装 MHA 依赖的环境，首先安装 epel 源。
bash
#4个节点
[root@mysql-master ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
[root@mysql-master ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/artifactory/os-conf/centos/centos-7.repo
[root@mysql-master ~]# yum install epel-release --nogpgcheck -y
[root@mysql-master ~]# yum install -y perl-DBD-MySQL \
perl-Config-Tiny \
perl-Log-Dispatch \
perl-Parallel-ForkManager \
perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder \
perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker \
perl-CPAN
#mysql-slave01
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/artifactory/os-conf/centos/centos-7.repo
--2025-12-10 11:21:27-- https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/artifactory/os-conf/centos/centos-7.repo
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# yum install epel-release --nogpgcheck -y
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# yum install -y perl-DBD-MySQL \
perl-Config-Tiny \
perl-Log-Dispatch \
perl-Parallel-ForkManager \
perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder \
perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker \
perl-CPAN
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/artifactory/os-conf/centos/centos-7.repo
--2025-12-10 11:21:25-- https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/artifactory/os-conf/centos/centos-7.repo
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# yum install epel-release --nogpgcheck -y
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# yum install -y perl-DBD-MySQL \
perl-Config-Tiny \
perl-Log-Dispatch \
perl-Parallel-ForkManager \
perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder \
perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker \
perl-CPAN
#mha
[root@mha ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
[root@mha ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/artifactory/os-conf/centos/centos-7.repo
[root@mha ~]# yum install epel-release --nogpgcheck -y
[root@mha ~]# yum install -y perl-DBD-MySQL \
perl-Config-Tiny \
perl-Log-Dispatch \
perl-Parallel-ForkManager \
perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder \
perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker \
perl-CPANMHA 软件包对于每个操作系统版本不一样，这里 CentOS7.4 必须选择 0.57 版本，
在<注意：所有服务器>上必须先安装 node 组件，最后在 MHA 节点上安装 manager 组件，
因为 manager 依赖 node 组件。
bash
#mysql-master
[root@mysql-master ~]# tar zxvf mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz
[root@mysql-master ~]# cd mha4mysql-node-0.57
[root@mysql-master mha4mysql-node-0.57]# perl Makefile.PL
[root@mysql-master mha4mysql-node-0.57]# make
[root@mysql-master mha4mysql-node-0.57]# make install
#mysql-slave01
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# tar zxvf mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# cd mha4mysql-node-0.57
[root@mysql-slave01 mha4mysql-node-0.57]# perl Makefile.PL
[root@mysql-slave01 mha4mysql-node-0.57]# make
[root@mysql-slave01 mha4mysql-node-0.57]# make install
#mysql-slave02
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# tar zxvf mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# cd mha4mysql-node-0.57
[root@mysql-slave02 mha4mysql-node-0.57]# perl Makefile.PL
[root@mysql-slave02 mha4mysql-node-0.57]# make
[root@mysql-slave02 mha4mysql-node-0.57]# make install
#mha
[root@mha ~]# tar zxvf mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz
[root@mha ~]# cd mha4mysql-node-0.57
[root@mha mha4mysql-node-0.57]# perl Makefile.PL
[root@mha mha4mysql-node-0.57]# make
[root@mha mha4mysql-node-0.57]# make install在 MHA上安装 manager 组件（！注意：一定要先安装node 组件才能安装manager 组件）
bash
[root@mha mha4mysql-node-0.57]# cd
[root@mha ~]# tar zxvf mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz
[root@mha ~]# cd mha4mysql-manager-0.57
[root@mha mha4mysql-manager-0.57]# perl Makefile.PL
[root@mha mha4mysql-manager-0.57]# make
[root@mha mha4mysql-manager-0.57]# make installmanager 安装后在/usr/local/bin 下面会生成几个工具，主要包括以下几个：
masterha_check_ssh 检查 MHA 的 SSH 配置状况
masterha_check_repl 检查 MySQL 复制状况
masterha_manger 启动 manager的脚本
masterha_check_status 检测当前 MHA 运行状态
masterha_master_monitor 检测 master 是否宕机
masterha_master_switch 控制故障转移（自动或者手动）
masterha_conf_host 添加或删除配置的 server 信息
masterha_stop 关闭manager
node 安装后也会在/usr/local/bin 下面会生成几个脚本（这些工具通常由 MHAManager 的脚本触发，无需人为操作）主要如下：
save_binary_logs 保存和复制 master 的二进制日志
apply_diff_relay_logs 识别差异的中继日志事件并将其差异的事件应用于其他的 slave
filter_mysqlbinlog 去除不必要的 ROLLBACK 事件（MHA 已不再使用这个工具）
purge_relay_logs 清除中继日志（不会阻塞 SQL 线程）
配置无密码认证
在 manager 上配置到所有数据库节点的无密码认证
bash
[root@mha ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):`回车`
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):`回车`
Enter same passphrase again:`回车`
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:`回车`
SHA256:0dHJ/ScoesDqjMIpZt+kpK1dZQLVlsyfU8TAbxrDszI root@mha
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| .+ o.=+ o |
| . * o ++ . |
| . ..+ = . . |
| . oX.o. . o|
| . +SoO. ..|
| =E.o. |
| . o * o. |
|.oO * o |
|o+o* . |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@mha ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.108.131
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.108.131 (192.168.108.131)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:J7QaKDMkzAXw6cH5VFRspkFngFHJ5TQFSKZDZdtWSNQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:2d:97:91:73:ca:2f:df:3d:91:78:08:24:34:df:04:a2.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? `yes`
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.108.131's password:`123`
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.108.131'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@mha ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.108.132
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.108.132 (192.168.108.132)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:J7QaKDMkzAXw6cH5VFRspkFngFHJ5TQFSKZDZdtWSNQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:2d:97:91:73:ca:2f:df:3d:91:78:08:24:34:df:04:a2.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? `yes`
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.108.132's password:`123`
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.108.132'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@mha ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.108.133
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.108.133 (192.168.108.133)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:J7QaKDMkzAXw6cH5VFRspkFngFHJ5TQFSKZDZdtWSNQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:2d:97:91:73:ca:2f:df:3d:91:78:08:24:34:df:04:a2.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? `yes`
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.108.133's password:`123`
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.108.133'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.在 mysql-master 上配置到数据库节点mysql-slave01和mysql-slave02的无密码认证
bash
[root@mysql-master ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):`回车`
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):`回车`
Enter same passphrase again:`回车`
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:XWBPivmdQUsP1oZnW7gwQjCXcM/pwEmqKwCpVvWRras root@mysql-master
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| . .*+B.*o . |
| . . ...%o%+=* .|
|o . .= =.O*.+ |
|... o o = oo |
|... . S o + |
|. . o |
| . o |
| E |
| |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@mysql-master ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.108.132
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.108.132 (192.168.108.132)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:J7QaKDMkzAXw6cH5VFRspkFngFHJ5TQFSKZDZdtWSNQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:2d:97:91:73:ca:2f:df:3d:91:78:08:24:34:df:04:a2.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? `yes`
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.108.132's password:`123`
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.108.132'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@mysql-master ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.108.133
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.108.133 (192.168.108.133)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:J7QaKDMkzAXw6cH5VFRspkFngFHJ5TQFSKZDZdtWSNQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:2d:97:91:73:ca:2f:df:3d:91:78:08:24:34:df:04:a2.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? `yes`
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.108.133's password:`123`
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.108.133'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.在 mysql-slave01 上配置到数据库节点mysql-master和mysql-slave02的无密码认证
bash
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):`回车`
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):`回车`
Enter same passphrase again:`回车`
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:5g08bPeWgyLrN8a6/b+8GtPz98uoFcncMItMJZFvinE root@mysql-slave01
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| oo. |
| .o |
| ..o |
| o .oE+o* |
| S =oo* . |
| + * = .. |
| ..o = B. |
| +=. =.+o .|
| .==.oo+*+.++|
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.108.131
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.108.131 (192.168.108.131)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:J7QaKDMkzAXw6cH5VFRspkFngFHJ5TQFSKZDZdtWSNQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:2d:97:91:73:ca:2f:df:3d:91:78:08:24:34:df:04:a2.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? `yes`
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.108.131's password:`123`
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.108.131'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.108.133
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.108.133 (192.168.108.133)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:J7QaKDMkzAXw6cH5VFRspkFngFHJ5TQFSKZDZdtWSNQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:2d:97:91:73:ca:2f:df:3d:91:78:08:24:34:df:04:a2.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? `yes`
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.108.133's password:`123`
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.108.133'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.在 mysql-slave02 上配置到数据库节点mysql-master和mysql-slave01的无密码认证
bash
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):`回车`
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):`回车`
Enter same passphrase again:`回车`
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:jy/Dd/3Yo50oLZLVgsM8iKB2dcyMOF4CD5eJHRc/Btk root@mysql-slave02
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| o.+++ |
| + =..oE |
| = . =+ |
| * +.=. |
| o * o S . . |
| o o . . O o . |
|. . .. * o. |
| ++.o..++.|
| +o.ooo++|
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.108.131
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.108.131 (192.168.108.131)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:J7QaKDMkzAXw6cH5VFRspkFngFHJ5TQFSKZDZdtWSNQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:2d:97:91:73:ca:2f:df:3d:91:78:08:24:34:df:04:a2.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? `yes`
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.108.131's password:`123`
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.108.131'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@mysql-slave02 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.108.132
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.108.132 (192.168.108.132)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:J7QaKDMkzAXw6cH5VFRspkFngFHJ5TQFSKZDZdtWSNQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:2d:97:91:73:ca:2f:df:3d:91:78:08:24:34:df:04:a2.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? `yes`
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.108.132's password:`123`
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.108.132'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.配置 MHA
在 manager 节点上复制相关脚本到/usr/local/bin 目录。
bash
[root@mha ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg initial-setup-ks.cfg mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz Templates
Desktop mha4mysql-manager-0.57 Music Videos
Documents mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz Pictures
Downloads mha4mysql-node-0.57 Public
[root@mha ~]# cp -ra /root/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/scripts /usr/local/bin
[root@mha ~]# ll /usr/local/bin/scripts/
total 32
#自动切换时 VIP 管理的脚本
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001 3648 May 31 2015 master_ip_failover
#在线切换时 vip 的管理
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001 9870 May 31 2015 master_ip_online_change
#故障发生后关闭主机的脚本
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001 11867 May 31 2015 power_manager
#因故障切换后发送报警的脚本
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001 1360 May 31 2015 send_report复制上述的自动切换时 VIP 管理的脚本到/usr/local/bin 目录，这里使用脚本管理 VIP，
bash
[root@mha ~]# cp /usr/local/bin/scripts/master_ip_failover /usr/local/bin修改内容如下：（删除原有内容，直接复制）
bash
[root@mha ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
[root@mha ~]# cat /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use Getopt::Long;
my (
$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
$orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port
);
#############################添加内容部分#########################################
my $vip = '192.168.108.200';
my $brdc = '192.168.108.255';
my $ifdev = 'ens33';
my $key = '1';
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key $vip";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key down";
my $exit_code = 0;
#my $ssh_start_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr add $vip/24 brd $brdc dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key;/usr/sbin/arping -q -A -c 1 -I $ifdev $vip;iptables -F;";
##my $ssh_stop_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr del $vip/24 dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key";
###################################################################################
GetOptions(
'command=s' => \$command,
'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,
'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,
'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,
'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,
'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,
'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,
'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,
);
exit &main();
sub main {
print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";
if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {
my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
&stop_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn "Got Error: $@\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
my $exit_code = 10;
eval {
print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
&start_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn $@;
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
exit 0;
}
else {
&usage();
exit 1;
}
}
sub start_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
# A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}
sub usage {
print
"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}创建 MHA 软件目录并拷贝配置文件。
bash
[root@mha ~]# mkdir /etc/masterha
[root@mha ~]# cp /root/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/conf/app1.cnf /etc/masterha/
[root@mha ~]# vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
[root@mha ~]# cat /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
[server default]
manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1
master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data
master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
password=manager
ping_interval=1
remote_workdir=/tmp
repl_password=123
repl_user=myslave
secondary_check_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.108.132 -s 192.168.108.133
shutdown_script=""
ssh_user=root
user=mha
[server1]
hostname=192.168.108.131
port=3306
[server2]
candidate_master=1
check_repl_delay=0
hostname=192.168.108.132
port=3306
[server3]
hostname=192.168.108.133
port=3306配置文件解析
bash
[server default]
manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1.log ##manager工作目录
manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log #manager日志
master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ #master保存binlog的位置，这里的路径要与master里配置的binlog的路径一致，以便mha能找到
#master_ip_failover_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover #设置自动failover时候的切换脚本，也就是上边的哪个脚本
master_ip_online_change_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change #设置手动切换时候的切换脚本
password=manager #设置mysql中root用户的密码，这个密码是前文中创建监控用户的那个密码
user=mha #设置监控用户root
ping_interval=1 #设置监控主库，发送ping包的时间间隔，默认是3秒，尝试三次没有回应的时候自动进行railover
remote_workdir=/tmp #设置远端mysql在发生切换时binlog的保存位置
repl_password=123 #设置复制用户的密码
repl_user=myslave #设置复制用户的用户
report_script=/usr/local/send_report //设置发生切换后发送的报警的脚本
secondary_check_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.108.132 -s 192.168.108.133
shutdown_script="" #设置故障发生后关闭故障主机脚本（该脚本的主要作用是关闭主机放在发生脑裂,这里没有使用）
ssh_user=root #设置ssh的登录用户名
[server1]
hostname=192.168.108.131
port=3306
[server2]
hostname=192.168.108.132
port=3306
candidate_master=1 #//设置为候选master，如果设置该参数以后，发生主从切换以后将会将此从库提升为主库，即使这个主库不是集群中事件最新的slave
check_repl_delay=0 #默认情况下如果一个slave落后master 100M的relay logs的话，MHA将不会选择该slave作为一个新的master，因为对于这个slave的恢复需要花费很长时间，通过设置check_repl_delay=0,MHA触发切换在选择一个新的master的时候将会忽略复制延时，这个参数对于设置了candidate_master=1的主机非常有用，因为这个候选主在切换的过程中一定是新的master
[server3]
hostname=192.168.108.133
port=3306验证配置
测试 ssh 无密码认证，如果正常最后会输出 successfully，如下所示。
bash
#检测SSH无密码认证
[root@mha ~]# masterha_check_ssh -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
Wed Dec 10 14:19:13 2025 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:13 2025 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:13 2025 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:13 2025 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:14 2025 - [debug]
Wed Dec 10 14:19:13 2025 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:22) to root@192.168.108.132(192.168.108.132:22)..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:13 2025 - [debug] ok.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:13 2025 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:22) to root@192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:22)..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:14 2025 - [debug] ok.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:15 2025 - [debug]
Wed Dec 10 14:19:14 2025 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.108.132(192.168.108.132:22) to root@192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:22)..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:14 2025 - [debug] ok.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:14 2025 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.108.132(192.168.108.132:22) to root@192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:22)..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:14 2025 - [debug] ok.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:16 2025 - [debug]
Wed Dec 10 14:19:14 2025 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:22) to root@192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:22)..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:14 2025 - [debug] ok.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:14 2025 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:22) to root@192.168.108.132(192.168.108.132:22)..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:15 2025 - [debug] ok.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:16 2025 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
[root@mha ~]# masterha_check_repl -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
Wed Dec 10 14:19:23 2025 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:23 2025 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:23 2025 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:23 2025 - [info] MHA::MasterMonitor version 0.57.
Creating directory /var/log/masterha/app1.. done.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] GTID failover mode = 0
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] Dead Servers:
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] Alive Servers:
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] 192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] 192.168.108.132(192.168.108.132:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] 192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] Alive Slaves:
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] 192.168.108.132(192.168.108.132:3306) Version=5.7.17-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] 192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:3306) Version=5.7.17 (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:disabled
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] Current Alive Master: 192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] Checking slave configurations..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [warning] relay_log_purge=0 is not set on slave 192.168.108.132(192.168.108.132:3306).
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [warning] relay_log_purge=0 is not set on slave 192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:3306).
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [warning] log-bin is not set on slave 192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:3306). This host cannot be a master.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] Checking replication filtering settings..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] binlog_do_db= , binlog_ignore_db=
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] Replication filtering check ok.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] GTID (with auto-pos) is not supported
Wed Dec 10 14:19:24 2025 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:27 2025 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:27 2025 - [info] Checking MHA Node version..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:27 2025 - [info] Version check ok.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:27 2025 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication settings on the current master..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:27 2025 - [info] HealthCheck: SSH to 192.168.108.131 is reachable.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Master MHA Node version is 0.57.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Checking recovery script configurations on 192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:3306)..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Executing command: save_binary_logs --command=test --start_pos=4 --binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data --output_file=/tmp/save_binary_logs_test --manager_version=0.57 --start_file=master-bin.000002
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Connecting to root@192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:22)..
Creating /tmp if not exists.. ok.
Checking output directory is accessible or not..
ok.
Binlog found at /usr/local/mysql/data, up to master-bin.000002
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Binlog setting check done.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication and checking recovery script configurations on all alive slave servers..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Executing command : apply_diff_relay_logs --command=test --slave_user='mha' --slave_host=192.168.108.132 --slave_ip=192.168.108.132 --slave_port=3306 --workdir=/tmp --target_version=5.7.17-log --manager_version=0.57 --relay_log_info=/usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log.info --relay_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --slave_pass=xxx
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Connecting to root@192.168.108.132(192.168.108.132:22)..
Checking slave recovery environment settings..
Opening /usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log.info ... ok.
Relay log found at /usr/local/mysql/data, up to relay-log-bin.000002
Temporary relay log file is /usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log-bin.000002
Testing mysql connection and privileges..mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
done.
Testing mysqlbinlog output.. done.
Cleaning up test file(s).. done.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Executing command : apply_diff_relay_logs --command=test --slave_user='mha' --slave_host=192.168.108.133 --slave_ip=192.168.108.133 --slave_port=3306 --workdir=/tmp --target_version=5.7.17 --manager_version=0.57 --relay_log_info=/usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log.info --relay_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --slave_pass=xxx
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Connecting to root@192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:22)..
Checking slave recovery environment settings..
Opening /usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log.info ... ok.
Relay log found at /usr/local/mysql/data, up to relay-log-bin.000002
Temporary relay log file is /usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log-bin.000002
Testing mysql connection and privileges..mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
done.
Testing mysqlbinlog output.. done.
Cleaning up test file(s).. done.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Slaves settings check done.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info]
192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:3306) (current master)
+--192.168.108.132(192.168.108.132:3306)
+--192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.108.132..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] ok.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.108.133..
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] ok.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Checking master_ip_failover_script status:
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover --command=status --ssh_user=root --orig_master_host=192.168.108.131 --orig_master_ip=192.168.108.131 --orig_master_port=3306
IN SCRIPT TEST====/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 down==/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.108.200===
Checking the Status of the script.. OK
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] OK.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined.
Wed Dec 10 14:19:28 2025 - [info] Got exit code 0 (Not master dead).
MySQL Replication Health is OK.第一次配置需要去master上手动开启虚拟IP
bash
[root@mysql-master ~]# /sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.108.200/24
[root@mysql-master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:05:7f:1e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.108.131/24 brd 192.168.108.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
` inet 192.168.108.200/24 brd `192.168.108.255 scope global secondary ens33:1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::9f3f:8d41:73d1:d531/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::af36:4fe7:4616:f9d6/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:08:d0:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:08:d0:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff启动 MHA
bash
[root@mha ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
[1] 6185--remove_dead_master_conf 该参数代表当发生主从切换后，老的主库的 ip 将会从配置文件中移除。
--manger_log 日志存放位置。
--ignore_last_failover 在缺省情况下，如果 MHA 检测到连续发生宕机，且两次宕机间
隔不足 8 小时的话，则不会进行 Failover，之所以这样限制是为了避免 ping-pong 效应。该
参数代表忽略上次 MHA 触发切换产生的文件，默认情况下，MHA 发生切换后会在日志记
目录，也就是上面设置的日志 app1.failover.complete 文件，下次再次切换的时候如果发现
该目录下存在该文件将不允许触发切换，除非在第一次切换后收到删除该文件，为了方便，
这里设置为--ignore_last_failover。
查看 MHA 状态，可以看到当前的 master 是 mysql-master 节点。
bash
[root@mha ~]# masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
app1 (pid:6186) is running(0:PING_OK), master:192.168.108.131查看 MHA 日志，也以看到当前的 master 是 192.168.108.131，如下所示。
bash
[root@mha ~]# cat /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] GTID failover mode = 0
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] Current Alive Master: 192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] Checking slave configurations..
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [warning] relay_log_purge=0 is not set on slave 192.168.108.132(192.168.108.132:3306).
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [warning] relay_log_purge=0 is not set on slave 192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:3306).
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [warning] log-bin is not set on slave 192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:3306). This host cannot be a master.
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] Checking replication filtering settings..
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] Dead Servers:
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] binlog_do_db= , binlog_ignore_db=
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] Replication filtering check ok.
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] Alive Servers:
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] 192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] 192.168.108.132(192.168.108.132:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] 192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] Alive Slaves:
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] 192.168.108.132(192.168.108.132:3306) Version=5.7.17-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] 192.168.108.133(192.168.108.133:3306) Version=5.7.17 (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:disabled
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] Current Alive Master: 192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:3306)
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [info] Checking slave configurations..
Wed Dec 10 14:54:01 2025 - [warning] relay_log_purge=0 is not set on slave 192.168.108.132(192.168.108.132:3306).查看 mysql-master 的 VIP 地址 192.168.108.200 是否存在？,这个 VIP 地址不会因为
manager 节点停止 MHA 服务而消失。
bash
[root@mysql-master ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.108.131 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.108.255
inet6 fe80::9f3f:8d41:73d1:d531 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
inet6 fe80::af36:4fe7:4616:f9d6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:05:7f:1e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 71198 bytes 60773290 (57.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 23276 bytes 2868095 (2.7 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.108.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.108.255
ether 00:0c:29:05:7f:1e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 72 bytes 6120 (5.9 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 72 bytes 6120 (5.9 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:08:d0:68 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0验证
bash
#mha节点A窗口操作
[root@mha ~]# tailf /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
Wed Dec 10 14:54:05 2025 - [info] OK.
Wed Dec 10 14:54:05 2025 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined.
Wed Dec 10 14:54:05 2025 - [info] Set master ping interval 1 seconds.
Wed Dec 10 14:54:05 2025 - [info] Set secondary check script: /usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.108.132 -s 192.168.108.133
Wed Dec 10 14:54:05 2025 - [info] Starting ping health check on 192.168.108.131(192.168.108.131:3306)..
Wed Dec 10 14:54:09 2025 - [warning] Got error when monitoring master: at /usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm line 489.
Wed Dec 10 14:54:09 2025 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln491] Target master's advisory lock is already held by someone. Please check whether you monitor the same master from multiple monitoring processes.
Wed Dec 10 14:54:09 2025 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln511] Error happened on health checking. at /usr/local/bin/masterha_manager line 50.
Wed Dec 10 14:54:09 2025 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln525] Error happened on monitoring servers.
Wed Dec 10 14:54:09 2025 - [info] Got exit code 1 (Not master dead).
Wed Dec 10 15:23:18 2025 - [warning] Got error on MySQL select ping: 2006 (MySQL server has gone away)
Wed Dec 10 15:23:18 2025 - [info] Executing secondary network check script: /usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.108.132 -s 192.168.108.133 --user=root --master_host=192.168.108.131 --master_ip=192.168.108.131 --master_port=3306 --master_user=mha --master_password=manager --ping_type=SELECT
Wed Dec 10 15:23:18 2025 - [info] Executing SSH check script: save_binary_logs --command=test --start_pos=4 --binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data --output_file=/tmp/save_binary_logs_test --manager_version=0.57 --binlog_prefix=master-bin
Master is reachable from 192.168.108.132!
Wed Dec 10 15:23:18 2025 - [warning] Master is reachable from at least one of other monitoring servers. Failover should not happen.
Wed Dec 10 15:23:18 2025 - [info] HealthCheck: SSH to 192.168.108.131 is reachable.
Wed Dec 10 15:23:19 2025 - [info] Ping(SELECT) succeeded, waiting until MySQL doesn't respond..
#mysql-master节点操作
[root@mysql-master ~]# pkill -9 mysql故障模拟
在主库上：
pkill mysqld
可以看到从库的状态，其中之一肯定有切换到主库的
切换备选主库的算法：
1.一般判断从库的是从（position/GTID）判断优劣，数据有差异，最接近于master的slave，成为备选主。
2.数据一致的情况下，按照配置文件顺序，选择备选主库。
3.设定有权重（candidate_master=1），按照权重强制指定备选主。
1）默认情况下如果一个slave落后master 100M的relay logs的话，即使有权重，也会失效。
2）如果check_repl_delay=0的话，即使落后很多日志，d也强制选择其为备选主。
故障修复步骤
修复主从
让slave01（备用master）成为master，让原master变成slave01
mysql
#mysql-slave01
[root@mysql-slave01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 25
Server version: 5.7.17-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000002 | 154 | | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# mysql-master操作
[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.17-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.108.132',master_user='myslave',master_password='123',master_log_file='master-bin.000002',master_log_pos=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)继续查看
bash
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.108.132
Master_User: myslave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: mysql-master-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 321
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
`Slave_IO_Running: Yes`
`Slave_SQL_Running: Yes`
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 535
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
Master_UUID: 50e02083-d567-11f0-9abd-000c29ffbc8f
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>----±-------------±-----------------±------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
±------------------±---------±-------------±-----------------±------------------+
| master-bin.000002 | 154 | | | |
±------------------±---------±-------------±-----------------±------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql-master操作
root@mysql-master \~\]# mysql -uroot -p123 mysql: \[Warning\] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.7.17-log Source distribution Copyright © 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql\> change master to master_host='192.168.108.132',master_user='myslave',master_password='123',master_log_file='master-bin.000002',master_log_pos=154; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec) mysql\> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 继续查看 ```bash mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.108.132 Master_User: myslave Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_File: mysql-master-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 321 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002 `Slave_IO_Running: Yes` `Slave_SQL_Running: Yes` Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_Space: 535 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 2 Master_UUID: 50e02083-d567-11f0-9abd-000c29ffbc8f Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>