Rabbitmq-Golang使用简单模式

最简单的队列模式，只有一个消息生产者，一个消息消费者，一个队列，也称为点对点模式、一对一模式。适合比较简单的一对一消息通信，且不需要并发消费的场景，例如: 单一的异步发短信、发邮件、异步推送。

说明：

P 代表生产者 , C 代表消费者，红色代表队列。

基于go 1.24 rabbitmq 3.6.1

我们将消息发布者（发送者）称为 send.go，将消息消费者（接收者）称为receive.go。发布者将连接到RabbitMQ，发送一条消息，然后退出。

安装依赖包

go mod init <your-module-name>
go get github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go

​ 我们将消息发布者（发送者）称为 send.go，将消息消费者（接收者）称为receive.go。发布者将连接到RabbitMQ，发送一条消息，然后退出。

1. 生产发送

1.1 导入包

package main

import (
	"context"
	"log"
	"time"

	amqp "github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go" //导入amqp库
)

1.2 连接rabbitmq

//连接rabbitmq
	conn, err := amqp.Dial("amqp://app_user:app_password@10.225.7.138:5672/")
	failOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ")
	defer conn.Close()

1.3 创建channel会话信道

//创建channel信道
	ch, err := conn.Channel()
	failOnError(err, "Failed to open a channel")
	defer ch.Close()

1.4 生产并发送消息

//声明发送的队列
	q, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
		"hello", // name
		false,   // durable
		false,   // delete when unused
		false,   // exclusive
		false,   // no-wait
		nil,     // arguments
	)
	failOnError(err, "Failed to declare a queue")
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	body := "Hello World!"
	err = ch.PublishWithContext(ctx,
		"",     // exchange（交换机名字），这里忽略
		q.Name, // routing key
		false,  // mandatory
		false,  // immediate
		amqp.Publishing{
			ContentType: "text/plain",
			Body:        []byte(body),
		})
	failOnError(err, "Failed to publish a message")
	
	log.Printf(" [x] Sent %s\n", body)

发送完整代码：

package main

import (
	"context"
	"log"
	"time"

	amqp "github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go" //导入amqp库
)

func failOnError(err error, msg string) {
	if err != nil {
		log.Panicf("%s: %s", msg, err)
	}
}
func main() {
	//连接rabbitmq
	conn, err := amqp.Dial("amqp://app_user:app_password@10.225.7.138:5672/")
	failOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ")
	defer conn.Close()
	//创建channel信道
	ch, err := conn.Channel()
	failOnError(err, "Failed to open a channel")
	defer ch.Close()
	//声明发送的队列
	q, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
		"hello", // name
		false,   // durable
		false,   // delete when unused
		false,   // exclusive
		false,   // no-wait
		nil,     // arguments
	)
	failOnError(err, "Failed to declare a queue")
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	body := "Hello World!"
	err = ch.PublishWithContext(ctx,
		"",     // exchange（交换机名字），这里忽略
		q.Name, // routing key
		false,  // mandatory
		false,  // immediate
		amqp.Publishing{
			ContentType: "text/plain",
			Body:        []byte(body),
		})
	failOnError(err, "Failed to publish a message")
	
	log.Printf(" [x] Sent %s\n", body)
}

2. 接受消费

消费完整代码：

package main

import (
	"log"

	amqp "github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go"
)

func failOnError(err error, msg string) {
	if err != nil {
		log.Panicf("%s: %s", msg, err)
	}
}
func main() {
	conn, err := amqp.Dial("amqp://app_user:app_password@10.225.7.138:5672/")
	failOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ")
	defer conn.Close()

	ch, err := conn.Channel()
	failOnError(err, "Failed to open a channel")
	defer ch.Close()

	q, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
		"hello", // name
		false,   // durable
		false,   // delete when unused
		false,   // exclusive
		false,   // no-wait
		nil,     // arguments
	)
	failOnError(err, "Failed to declare a queue")
	msgs, err := ch.Consume(
		q.Name, // queue
		"",     // consumer
		true,   // auto-ack
		false,  // exclusive
		false,  // no-local
		false,  // no-wait
		nil,    // args
	)
	failOnError(err, "Failed to register a consumer")

	var forever chan struct{}

	go func() {
		for d := range msgs {
			log.Printf("Received a message: %s", d.Body)
		}
	}()

	log.Printf(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C")
	<-forever
}

参考：

https://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-one-go

https://www.tizi365.com/topic/17.html