2025.12.18 最近需要看一些最新的论文，根据论文速览模块从【TWC Issue12】中选出几篇与"OTFS、语义通信、资源分配、AI、通感一体化"等内容相关的论文，建立论文摘要泛读模块，大家可以快速找到自己感兴趣的论文并在IEEE上搜索进一步阅读。ps：很多方面我了解的不够深入，因此翻译可能不一定准确，请见谅。
【论文泛读1】IEEE Wireless Communications 2025年论文整理2（摘要）
- [1 Low-PAPR Pilot Arrangement and Iterative Channel Estimation for OTFS（OTFS与信道估计）](#1 Low-PAPR Pilot Arrangement and Iterative Channel Estimation for OTFS（OTFS与信道估计）)
- [2 Downlink OFDM-FAMA in 5G-NR Systems](#2 Downlink OFDM-FAMA in 5G-NR Systems)
- [3 An Iterative Resource Allocation and Precoder Design for Wideband mmWave MIMO-OFDM System With Large-Scale Users](#3 An Iterative Resource Allocation and Precoder Design for Wideband mmWave MIMO-OFDM System With Large-Scale Users)
- [4 Generative AI for Semantic Communication: Architecture, Challenges, and Outlook（语义通信）](#4 Generative AI for Semantic Communication: Architecture, Challenges, and Outlook（语义通信）)
- [5 Multipath Information Fusion-Boosted Vehicle State Detection, Reflector Positioning, and Channel Estimation for 6G ISAC Systems](#5 Multipath Information Fusion-Boosted Vehicle State Detection, Reflector Positioning, and Channel Estimation for 6G ISAC Systems)
1 Low-PAPR Pilot Arrangement and Iterative Channel Estimation for OTFS（OTFS与信道估计）
Tianyao Ma , Yin Xu , Senior Member, IEEE, Xiaowu Ou , Haoyang Li , Member, IEEE, Dazhi He , Senior Member, IEEE, and Wenjun Zhang , Fellow, IEEE 2025年12月
Keywords: Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation, channel estimation, peak-to-average power ratio, pilot arrangement, Zadoff-Chu sequence.
Abstract
Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation outperforms orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in high-mobility scenarios with doubly selective channels. However, the existing channel estimation schemes for OTFS usually rely on high-power pilots, which cause the issue of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper, a channel estimation scheme for OTFS is designed, utilizing the Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence as the pilot without any guard symbols to reduce the PAPR effectively. Furthermore, an iterative ZC-sequence-based estimation algorithm is proposed. It can accurately estimate channels with integer and fractional Doppler shifts, irrespective of whether ideal or rectangular waveforms are employed. The proposed scheme performs the channel estimation using a correlation-based method. The correlation's interference, caused by the data, pilot, and noise, is mitigated by performing channel estimation and data detection alternately. Simulation results show that it has a significantly lower PAPR in the time domain and superior channel estimation performance with both integer and fractional Doppler.
摘要
正交时频空间（OTFS）调制在具有双选择性信道的高移动场景下性能优于正交频分复用（OFDM）。然而，现有的OTFS信道估计算法通常依赖于高功率导频，这会导致峰均功率比（PAPR）过高的问题。本文设计了一种OTFS信道估计算法，该算法使用Zadoff-Chu（ZC）序列作为导频，且无需保护符号，从而有效降低PAPR。此外，本文提出了一种基于ZC序列的迭代估计算法。该算法能够准确估计具有整数和分数多普勒频移的信道，无论采用理想波形还是矩形波形。所提出的方案采用基于相关的方法进行信道估计。通过交替进行信道估计和数据检测，可以有效抑制由数据、导频和噪声引起的相关干扰。仿真结果表明，该方案在时域具有显著较低的PAPR，并且在整数和分数多普勒频移情况下均具有优越的信道估计性能。
研究方法与贡献 (Methodology & Contribution):
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新型帧结构 : 提出使用 Zadoff-Chu (ZC) 序列作为导频，且不设置任何保护间隔（Guard Symbols）。利用ZC序列的恒模特性（Constant Modulus）将能量分散，从而显著降低PAPR 。
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迭代估计算法: 提出一种基于ZC序列的信道估计（ZCE）算法。利用相关性方法进行初始估计，随后通过"估计-检测-干扰消除"的迭代循环，交替进行信道估计和基于消息传递（MP）算法的数据检测 。
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分数多普勒处理: 算法不仅适用于理想波形，也能处理矩形波形下的整数及分数多普勒频移 。
2 Downlink OFDM-FAMA in 5G-NR Systems
Hanjiang Hong , Member, IEEE, Kai-Kit Wong , Fellow, IEEE, Hao Xu , Senior Member, IEEE, Yin Xu , Senior Member, IEEE, Hyundong Shin , Fellow, IEEE, Ross Murch , Fellow, IEEE, Dazhi He , Senior Member, IEEE, and Wenjun Zhang , Fellow, IEEE 2025年12月
Keywords: Fluid antenna multiple access (FAMA), fluid antenna system (FAS), OFDM, performance evaluation.
Abstract
Fluid antenna multiple access (FAMA), enabled by the fluid antenna system (FAS), offers a new and straightforward solution to massive connectivity. Previous results on FAMA were primarily based on narrowband channels. This paper studies the adoption of FAMA within the fifth-generation (5G) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) framework, referred to as OFDM-FAMA, and evaluate its performance in broadband multipath channels. We first design the OFDM-FAMA system, taking into account 5G channel coding and OFDM modulation. Then the system's achievable rate is analyzed, and an algorithm to approximate the FAS configuration at each user is proposed based on the rate. Extensive link-level simulation results reveal that OFDM-FAMA can significantly improve the multiplexing gain over the OFDM system with fixed-position antenna (FPA) users, especially when robust channel coding is applied and the number of radio-frequency (RF) chains at each user is small.
5G-NR系统中的下行链路OFDM-FAMA
摘要
问题背景： 大规模机器类型通信（mMTC）需要支持海量连接，但传统的MIMO、NOMA等技术在基站（BS）获取信道状态信息（CSI）方面面临困难 。流体天线系统（FAS）及其衍生的流天线多址接入（Fluid antenna multiple access，FAMA）技术提供了一种新的解决方案，通过在接收端灵活切换天线位置来利用空间分集和干扰抑制 。然而，现有的FAMA研究主要基于窄带平坦衰落信道，缺乏在现代宽带OFDM系统（特别是5G NR标准）中的性能验证 。
本文工作：本文设计了OFDM-FAMA系统，完全集成了5G NR物理层流程（包括LDPC编码、CRC、OFDM调制等） 。作者提出了针对FAS的端口选择机制（包括两种训练策略）和干扰抑制合并（IRC）均衡器 。此外，文章推导了系统的可达速率（中断速率、平均互信息AMI、截止速率），并基于此提出了一种算法来优化用户端FAS的配置 。
性能分析：链路级仿真（基于3GPP TDL信道模型）表明，OFDM-FAMA在宽带多径信道中表现优异 。与固定位置天线（FPA）系统相比，OFDM-FAMA能够显著提高复用增益，特别是在采用鲁棒信道编码（低MCS）和用户端射频（RF）链数量较少的情况下 。
3 An Iterative Resource Allocation and Precoder Design for Wideband mmWave MIMO-OFDM System With Large-Scale Users
Beiyuan Liu , Member, IEEE, Qian Liu, and Julian Cheng , Fellow, IEEE 2025年12月
Keywords: Millimeter wave, wideband, beam squint, MIMO-OFDM system.
Abstract
For the scenario of large-scale users in millimeter wave (mmWave) multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MUMIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, power allocation on each subcarrier (SC), association between SCs and users (SC-UE association) and precoder design are mutually dependent due to the hybrid MIMO-OFDM structure. This interdependence suggests that these factors should be jointly considered and optimized to make full use of both spatial and frequency diversity. In this paper, an iterative optimization framework is proposed for optimizing both the sum rate and the minimum user rate considering the beam squint effect. The optimization framework first performs a coarse SC-UE association based on an SC-level channel clustering, and then alternatively optimizes the hybrid analog and digital (HAD) precoder and SC-UE association in an iterative manner. The SCUE association problems are solved by the greedy algorithm and heuristic method for sum rate and minimum rate optimization problems, respectively. The computational complexities of the proposed methods are evaluated and compared with several existing benchmarks. Numerical simulations show that the proposed methods outperform the corresponding benchmarks, while hold comparable running times by contrast due to its fast convergence rate.
面向大规模用户的宽带毫米波MIMO-OFDM系统的迭代资源分配与预编码器设计
摘要
问题背景：在毫米波（mmWave）大规模MIMO-OFDM系统中，特别是针对大规模用户（用户数量大于射频链数量）的场景，子载波（SC）上的功率分配、子载波与用户的关联（SC-UE association）以及预编码器设计由于混合MIMO-OFDM结构而相互依赖 。这种相互依赖性要求对这些因素进行联合优化。此外，宽带毫米波系统中存在"波束分裂"（Beam Squint）效应，即波束方向随频率变化，忽略此效应会导致显著的性能下降 。
本文工作： 论文提出了一个迭代优化框架，旨在考虑波束分裂效应的同时，优化总速率（Sum Rate）和最小用户速率（Minimum User Rate）。SC级信道聚类：首先基于SC级的信道聚类进行粗略的SC-UE关联。迭代设计：交替优化混合模拟/数字（HAD）预编码器和SC-UE关联 。算法实现：针对总速率优化，采用贪婪算法和WMMSE算法；针对最小速率优化，采用启发式方法和带功率分配的迫零（ZF）预编码 。
性能分析：该研究解决了大规模用户场景下资源受限（RF链有限）的频域和空域资源联合分配问题。数值仿真表明，所提出的方法在性能上优于现有的基准算法（如RF-SC-BB、矩阵分解法等），且由于其快速的收敛速度，在运行时间上具有可比性 。
4 Generative AI for Semantic Communication: Architecture, Challenges, and Outlook（语义通信）
Loc X. Nguyen , Sheikh Salman Hassan , Member, IEEE, Yan Kyaw Tun , Member, IEEE, Kitae Kim , Member, IEEE, Zhu Han , Fellow, IEEE, and Choong Seon Hong , Fellow, IEEE 2025年12月
Keywords: 6G, NTN, semantic communication, hop-based relaying, satellite access networks, denoising, GU fairness.
Abstract
The sixth-generation (6G) non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are crucial for real-time monitoring in critical applications like disaster relief. However, limited bandwidth, latency, rain attenuation, long propagation delays, and co-channel interference pose challenges to efficient satellite communication. Therefore, semantic communication (SC) has emerged as a promising solution to improve transmission efficiency and address these issues. In this paper, we explore the potential of SC as a bandwidth-efficient, latency-minimizing strategy specifically suited to 6G satellite communications. The existing SC methods have demonstrated efficacy in direct satellite-terrestrial transmissions; however, they still encounter certain limitations. Specifically, some ground users (GUs) experience poor signalto-noise ratios (SNR), making direct satellite communication challenging. To address these issues, we propose a novel framework that optimizes gateway hop-relay selection for GUs with low SNR and integrates gateway-based denoising mechanisms to ensure high-quality-of-service (QoS) in satellite-based SC networks. This approach directly mitigates distortion, leading to significant improvements in satellite service performance by delivering customized services tailored to the unique signal conditions of each GU. Our findings represent a critical advancement in reliable and efficient data transmission from the Earth observation satellites, thereby enabling fast and effective.
语义通信赋能的6G-NTN框架：一种新型去噪与网关跳跃集成机制
摘要
问题背景：6G非地面网络（NTN），特别是低轨卫星（LEO）网络，对于灾难救援等实时监控应用至关重要 。然而，卫星通信面临带宽受限、长传播延迟、雨衰和同信道干扰等挑战 。虽然语义通信（SC）能提高传输效率，但现有的SC方法在直接卫星-地面传输中存在局限性，特别是对于信噪比（SNR）较差的地面用户（GUs），难以保证高质量的数据重建 。
本文工作： 本文提出了一种结合网关辅助跳跃（Gateway-assisted Hop）和去噪机制的新型框架 。架构设计：利用地面网关的高计算能力和高天线增益，作为中继节点协助低SNR用户 。模型设计：采用 Swin Transformer 作为语义编解码器的骨干网络 ，并设计了基于自编码器（Autoencoder）的去噪模块部署在网关侧 。算法优化：将路径选择（直连 vs. 中继）和子载波分配建模为延迟最小化问题，并提出了一种两阶段离散鲸鱼优化算法（Two-stage D-WOA） 来求解 。
性能分析：该方案解决了恶劣信道条件下卫星图像传输的可靠性问题。仿真结果（基于DIV2K和FloodNet数据集）表明，该策略显著优于传统的贪婪算法和优先级算法，能够满足所有用户的峰值信噪比（PSNR）要求，同时有效降低了网络整体延迟 。
5 Multipath Information Fusion-Boosted Vehicle State Detection, Reflector Positioning, and Channel Estimation for 6G ISAC Systems
Bingpeng Zhou , Member, IEEE, Hanglong Chen, Student Member, IEEE, Qing Xue , Senior Member, IEEE, Guangxu Zhu , Member, IEEE, Yue Xiao , Member, IEEE, and Qingjiang Shi , Member, IEEE 2025年12月
Keywords:Integrated sensing and communication, 6G, vehicle state detection, MIMO OFDM communication.
Abstract
We are interested in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communication-based vehicle state detection (VSD) (including vehicle location, velocity and pose angle) in multipath interference scenarios, towards 6G integrated sensing and communications. Yet, communication-based VSD is challenging, since its signals undergo multipath interference and random fading, while channel state and reflector locations are even unknown, in addition to vehicle state. To address these challenges, a novel multipath information fusion-assisted VSD scheme is devised to smartly aggregate geometric knowledge from both direct and reflection paths, thus yielding a robust VSD solution against multipath interference. In addition, we propose to divide the complex VSD problem into four subproblems: 1) angle-of-arrival detection, 2) time-of-flight estimation, 3) joint reconstruction of angle-of-departure, radial speed and channel state, and 4) vehicleand-reflector state detection. An efficient four-step cascaded VSD method is devised by exploiting linearity, quadratic, orthogonality and space-time-domain correlation of MIMO OFDM signals, which finally achieves simultaneous VSD, reflector positioning and channel estimate. It is verified by simulations that our VSD scheme outperforms state-of-the-art baselines due to our specially-tailored problem decoupling and multipath information fusion, which builds a technical foundation for designing environment sensing-assisted communication strategies.
多径信息融合增强的6G ISAC系统车辆状态检测、反射体定位及信道估计
摘要
问题背景：在面向6G的通信感知一体化（ISAC）系统中，基于MIMO-OFDM通信信号的车辆状态检测（VSD）（包括车辆位置、速度和姿态角）是一个关键技术。然而，通信基VSD面临巨大挑战：信号不可避免地遭受多径干扰和随机衰落，且除了车辆状态外，信道状态和反射体位置通常也是未知的。传统方法往往将多径视为干扰源，导致检测性能下降 。
本文工作： 本文提出了一种新颖的多径信息融合辅助VSD方案，旨在智能地聚合来自直射路径（LOS）和反射路径（NLOS）的几何知识，从而将"多径干扰"转化为有用的信息源。问题解耦：将复杂的VSD问题分解为四个级联子问题：(1) 到达角（AOA）检测；(2) 飞行时间（TOF）估计；(3) 离开角（AOD）、径向速度和信道状态的联合重构；(4) 车辆与反射体状态检测 。四步级联算法：利用MIMO OFDM信号的线性、二次型、正交性及空时域相关性结构，设计了高效的四步算法。多径融合：提出了基于最小均方误差（MMSE）准则的融合机制，优化聚合LOS和NLOS路径信息 。
性能分析：该研究实现了仅利用单基站（BS） 即可同时完成全自由度（Full-DOF）的车辆状态检测（位置、全维速度、姿态）、反射体定位以及信道估计。仿真结果表明，由于采用了专门定制的问题解耦和多径信息融合策略，该方案在多径干扰环境下显著优于现有的基准算法（如压缩感知、张量分解等方法）。