OSPF路由协议单区域配置
实验任务
一个中小型网络，采用三层网络结构，即包含接入层、汇聚层和核心层三层。需要对网络设备进行恰当的配置，其中的三层交换机SW1和路由器RT1采用OSPF动态路由技术，并配置默认路由；路由器RT2采用静态路由技术，并配置默认路由，模拟因特网的工作。全部设备配置完成后，必须确保网络内每台设备能相互通信，并且内网主机都能访问因特网站点。
步骤1．在三层交换机SW1上创建VLAN，将相应端口加入VLAN，并配置交换虚拟接口（SVI）地址。
SW1(config)#vlan 10
SW1(config-vlan)#exi
SW1(config)#vlan 20
SW1(config-vlan)#exi
SW1(config)#vlan 30
SW1(config-vlan)#exi
SW1(config)#vlan 40
SW1(config-vlan)#exi
interface FastEthernet0/1
switchport access vlan 10
switchport mode access
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
switchport access vlan 20
switchport mode access
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
switchport access vlan 30
switchport mode access
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
switchport access vlan 40
switchport mode access
interface Vlan10
ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan20
ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan30
ip address 192.168.30.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan40
ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0
!步骤2．配置路由器名称、端口IP地址和串行口DCE的时钟。
hostname RT1
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
ip address 172.30.200.254 255.255.255.0
interface Serial0/3/1
ip address 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
clock rate 64000
hostname RT2
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 202.108.22.254 255.255.255.0
interface Serial0/3/1
ip address 200.1.1.2 255.255.255.0步骤3．在三层交换机SW1、路由器RT1上配置单区域OSPF路由协议。
SW1:
router ospf 100
network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
RT1:
router ospf 200
network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 172.30.200.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 200.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0步骤4．在三层交换机SW1、路由器RT1和RT2上配置默认路由。
SW1:
SW1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.1.1.2
RT1:
RT1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.1.1.2
RT2:
RT2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.1.1.1步骤5．在三层交换机SW1、路由器RT1和RT2上查看路由表和接口参数。
SW1:
SW1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 200.1.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0
172.30.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 172.30.200.0 [110/2] via 192.168.40.2, 00:05:36, Vlan40
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan30
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan40
O 200.1.1.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.40.2, 00:05:36, Vlan40
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 200.1.1.2RT1:
RT1#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 200.1.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0
172.30.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.30.200.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L 172.30.200.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.40.1, 00:06:51, GigabitEthernet0/0
O 192.168.20.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.40.1, 00:06:51, GigabitEthernet0/0
O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.40.1, 00:06:51, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.40.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.40.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
200.1.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 200.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/3/1
L 200.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/3/1
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 200.1.1.2
RT1# show ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 200" with ID 200.1.1.1
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
Supports opaque LSA
SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs
Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs
Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
External flood list length 0
Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 3
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm executed 6 times
Area ranges are
Number of LSA 3. Checksum Sum 0x01da71
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Flood list length 0
RT1# show ip ospf interface
GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 192.168.40.2/24, Area 0
Process ID 200, Router ID 200.1.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 200.1.1.1, Interface address 192.168.40.2
Backup Designated Router (ID) 192.168.40.1, Interface address 192.168.40.1
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:02
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.40.1 (Backup Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 172.30.200.254/24, Area 0
Process ID 200, Router ID 200.1.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 200.1.1.1, Interface address 172.30.200.254
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:02
Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Serial0/3/1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 200.1.1.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 200, Router ID 200.1.1.1, Network Type POINT-TO-POINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT-TO-POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:03
Index 3/3, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
RT1#show ip ospf neighbor detail
Neighbor 192.168.40.1, interface address 192.168.40.1
In the area 0 via interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Neighbor priority is 1, State is FULL, 5 state changes
DR is 192.168.40.2 BDR is 192.168.40.1
Options is 0x00
Dead timer due in 00:00:39
Neighbor is up for 00:10:20
Index 1/1, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 0
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last retransmission scan length is 0, maximum is 1
Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
RT1#show ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (200.1.1.1) (Process ID 200)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
200.1.1.1 200.1.1.1 657 0x80000008 0x00a52a 3
192.168.40.1 192.168.40.1 648 0x80000008 0x005403 4
Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.40.2 200.1.1.1 657 0x80000001 0x00e144
RT1#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 200.1.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0
172.30.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.30.200.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L 172.30.200.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.40.1, 00:11:20, GigabitEthernet0/0
O 192.168.20.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.40.1, 00:11:20, GigabitEthernet0/0
O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.40.1, 00:11:20, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.40.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.40.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
200.1.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 200.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/3/1
L 200.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/3/1
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 200.1.1.2步骤6．测试网络连通性。
步骤7．用debug命令观察路由器接收链路状态更新包。
SW1#debug ip ospf events
OSPF events debugging is on
SW1#
00:07:20: OSPF: Rcv hello from 200.1.1.1 area 0 from Vlan40 192.168.40.2
00:07:20: OSPF: End of hello processing
00:07:30: OSPF: Rcv hello from 200.1.1.1 area 0 from Vlan40 192.168.40.2
00:07:30: OSPF: End of hello processing
RT1#debug ip ospf events
OSPF events debugging is on
RT1#
00:08:40: OSPF: Rcv hello from 192.168.40.1 area 0 from GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.40.1
00:08:40: OSPF: End of hello processing
00:08:50: OSPF: Rcv hello from 192.168.40.1 area 0 from GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.40.1
00:08:50: OSPF: End of hello processing