Goodbye 2025 题解

nike0good2026-01-01 9:57

A Yes or Yes

cpp 复制代码 
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std;

#define For(i,n) for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
#define Fork(i,k,n) for(int i=k;i<=n;i++)
#define ForkD(i,k,n) for(int i=n;i>=k;i--)
#define Rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define ForD(i,n) for(int i=n;i;i--)
#define RepD(i,n) for(int i=n;i>=0;i--)
#define Forp(x) for(int p=pre[x];p;p=next[p])
#define Forpiter(x) for(int &p=iter[x];p;p=next[p])  
#define Lson (o<<1)
#define Rson ((o<<1)+1)
#define MEM(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
#define MEMI(a) memset(a,0x3f,sizeof(a));
#define MEMi(a) memset(a,128,sizeof(a));
#define MEMx(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a));
#define INF (0x3f3f3f3f)
#define F (1000000007)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define fi first
#define se second
#define vi vector<int> 
#define vii(f,n,m) vector<int> f(n,vi(m)) 
#define pi pair<int,int>
#define SI(a) ((a).size())
#define is_ok(a) puts(a?"Yes":"No")
#define Pr(kcase,ans) printf("Case #%d: %lld\n",kcase,ans);
#define PRi(a,n) For(i,n-1) cout<<a[i]<<' '; cout<<a[n]<<endl;
#define PRi2D(a,n,m) For(i,n) { \
						For(j,m-1) cout<<a[i][j]<<' ';\
						cout<<a[i][m]<<endl; \
						} 
#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000")
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define gmax(a,b) a=max(a,b);
#define gmin(a,b) a=min(a,b);
#ifdef DEBUG
#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
#endif

#define DEBUG
int recur_depth = 0;
#ifdef DEBUG
#define dbg(x) {++recur_depth; auto x_=x; --recur_depth; cerr<<string(recur_depth, '\t')<<"\e[91m"<<__func__<<":"<<__LINE__<<"\t"<<#x<<" = "<<x_<<"\e[39m"<<endl;}
#else
#define dbg(x)
#endif
template<typename Ostream, typename Cont>
typename enable_if<is_same<Ostream,ostream>::value, Ostream&>::type operator<<(Ostream& os,  const Cont& v){
	os<<"[";
	for(auto& x:v){os<<x<<", ";}
	return os<<"]";
}
template<typename Ostream, typename ...Ts>
Ostream& operator<<(Ostream& os,  const pair<Ts...>& p){
	return os<<"{"<<p.first<<", "<<p.second<<"}";
}

typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
ll mul(ll a,ll b){return (a*b)%F;}
ll add(ll a,ll b){return (a+b)%F;}
ll sub(ll a,ll b){return ((a-b)%F+F)%F;}
void upd(ll &a,ll b){a=(a%F+b%F)%F;}
inline int read()
{
	int x=0,f=1; char ch=getchar();
	while(!isdigit(ch)) {if (ch=='-') f=-1; ch=getchar();}
	while(isdigit(ch)) { x=x*10+ch-'0'; ch=getchar();}
	return x*f;
} 

template<int MOD, int RT> struct mint {
	static const int mod = MOD;
	static constexpr mint rt() { return RT; } // primitive root for FFT
	int v; explicit operator int() const { return v; } // explicit -> don't silently convert to int
	mint():v(0) {}
	mint(ll _v) { v = int((-MOD < _v && _v < MOD) ? _v : _v % MOD);
		if (v < 0) v += MOD; }
	bool operator==(const mint& o) const {
		return v == o.v; }
	friend bool operator!=(const mint& a, const mint& b) { 
		return !(a == b); }
	friend bool operator<(const mint& a, const mint& b) { 
		return a.v < b.v; }
   
	mint& operator+=(const mint& o) { 
		if ((v += o.v) >= MOD) v -= MOD; 
		return *this; }
	mint& operator-=(const mint& o) { 
		if ((v -= o.v) < 0) v += MOD; 
		return *this; }
	mint& operator*=(const mint& o) { 
		v = int((ll)v*o.v%MOD); return *this; }
	mint& operator/=(const mint& o) { return (*this) *= inv(o); }
	friend mint pow(mint a, ll p) {
		mint ans = 1; assert(p >= 0);
		for (; p; p /= 2, a *= a) if (p&1) ans *= a;
		return ans; }
	friend mint inv(const mint& a) { assert(a.v != 0); 
		return pow(a,MOD-2); }
		
	mint operator-() const { return mint(-v); }
	mint& operator++() { return *this += 1; }
	mint& operator--() { return *this -= 1; }
	friend mint operator+(mint a, const mint& b) { return a += b; }
	friend mint operator-(mint a, const mint& b) { return a -= b; }
	friend mint operator*(mint a, const mint& b) { return a *= b; }
	friend mint operator/(mint a, const mint& b) { return a /= b; }
};
const int MOD=F; 
using mi = mint<MOD,5>; // 5 is primitive root for both common mods

namespace simp {
	vector<mi> fac,ifac,invn;
	void check(int x) {
		if (fac.empty()) {
			fac={mi(1),mi(1)};
			ifac={mi(1),mi(1)};
			invn={mi(0),mi(1)};
		}
		while (SI(fac)<=x) {
			int n=SI(fac),m=SI(fac)*2;
			fac.resize(m);
			ifac.resize(m);
			invn.resize(m);
			for (int i=n;i<m;i++) {
				fac[i]=fac[i-1]*mi(i);
				invn[i]=mi(MOD-MOD/i)*invn[MOD%i];
				ifac[i]=ifac[i-1]*invn[i];
			}
		}
	}
	mi gfac(int x) {
		assert(x>=0);
		check(x); return fac[x];
	}
	mi ginv(int x) {
		assert(x>0);
		check(x); return invn[x];
	}
	mi gifac(int x) {
		assert(x>=0);
		check(x); return ifac[x];
	}
	mi binom(int n,int m) {
		if (m < 0 || m > n) return mi(0);
		return gfac(n)*gifac(m)*gifac(n - m);
	}
}
bool work(){
	string s;
	cin>>s;
	int t=0;
	for(auto p:s) if(p=='Y') ++t;
		return t<2;
}
int main()
{
//	freopen("A.in","r",stdin);
//	freopen(".out","w",stdout);
	int T=read();
	while(T--)
	puts(work()?"YES":"NO");

	return 0;
}

B Impost or Sus

cpp 复制代码 
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std;

#define For(i,n) for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
#define Fork(i,k,n) for(int i=k;i<=n;i++)
#define ForkD(i,k,n) for(int i=n;i>=k;i--)
#define Rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define ForD(i,n) for(int i=n;i;i--)
#define RepD(i,n) for(int i=n;i>=0;i--)
#define Forp(x) for(int p=pre[x];p;p=next[p])
#define Forpiter(x) for(int &p=iter[x];p;p=next[p])  
#define Lson (o<<1)
#define Rson ((o<<1)+1)
#define MEM(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
#define MEMI(a) memset(a,0x3f,sizeof(a));
#define MEMi(a) memset(a,128,sizeof(a));
#define MEMx(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a));
#define INF (0x3f3f3f3f)
#define F (1000000007)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define fi first
#define se second
#define vi vector<int> 
#define vii(f,n,m) vector<int> f(n,vi(m)) 
#define pi pair<int,int>
#define SI(a) ((a).size())
#define is_ok(a) puts(a?"Yes":"No")
#define Pr(kcase,ans) printf("Case #%d: %lld\n",kcase,ans);
#define PRi(a,n) For(i,n-1) cout<<a[i]<<' '; cout<<a[n]<<endl;
#define PRi2D(a,n,m) For(i,n) { \
						For(j,m-1) cout<<a[i][j]<<' ';\
						cout<<a[i][m]<<endl; \
						} 
#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000")
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define gmax(a,b) a=max(a,b);
#define gmin(a,b) a=min(a,b);
#ifdef DEBUG
#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
#endif

#define DEBUG
int recur_depth = 0;
#ifdef DEBUG
#define dbg(x) {++recur_depth; auto x_=x; --recur_depth; cerr<<string(recur_depth, '\t')<<"\e[91m"<<__func__<<":"<<__LINE__<<"\t"<<#x<<" = "<<x_<<"\e[39m"<<endl;}
#else
#define dbg(x)
#endif
template<typename Ostream, typename Cont>
typename enable_if<is_same<Ostream,ostream>::value, Ostream&>::type operator<<(Ostream& os,  const Cont& v){
	os<<"[";
	for(auto& x:v){os<<x<<", ";}
	return os<<"]";
}
template<typename Ostream, typename ...Ts>
Ostream& operator<<(Ostream& os,  const pair<Ts...>& p){
	return os<<"{"<<p.first<<", "<<p.second<<"}";
}

typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
ll mul(ll a,ll b){return (a*b)%F;}
ll add(ll a,ll b){return (a+b)%F;}
ll sub(ll a,ll b){return ((a-b)%F+F)%F;}
void upd(ll &a,ll b){a=(a%F+b%F)%F;}
inline int read()
{
	int x=0,f=1; char ch=getchar();
	while(!isdigit(ch)) {if (ch=='-') f=-1; ch=getchar();}
	while(isdigit(ch)) { x=x*10+ch-'0'; ch=getchar();}
	return x*f;
} 

template<int MOD, int RT> struct mint {
	static const int mod = MOD;
	static constexpr mint rt() { return RT; } // primitive root for FFT
	int v; explicit operator int() const { return v; } // explicit -> don't silently convert to int
	mint():v(0) {}
	mint(ll _v) { v = int((-MOD < _v && _v < MOD) ? _v : _v % MOD);
		if (v < 0) v += MOD; }
	bool operator==(const mint& o) const {
		return v == o.v; }
	friend bool operator!=(const mint& a, const mint& b) { 
		return !(a == b); }
	friend bool operator<(const mint& a, const mint& b) { 
		return a.v < b.v; }
   
	mint& operator+=(const mint& o) { 
		if ((v += o.v) >= MOD) v -= MOD; 
		return *this; }
	mint& operator-=(const mint& o) { 
		if ((v -= o.v) < 0) v += MOD; 
		return *this; }
	mint& operator*=(const mint& o) { 
		v = int((ll)v*o.v%MOD); return *this; }
	mint& operator/=(const mint& o) { return (*this) *= inv(o); }
	friend mint pow(mint a, ll p) {
		mint ans = 1; assert(p >= 0);
		for (; p; p /= 2, a *= a) if (p&1) ans *= a;
		return ans; }
	friend mint inv(const mint& a) { assert(a.v != 0); 
		return pow(a,MOD-2); }
		
	mint operator-() const { return mint(-v); }
	mint& operator++() { return *this += 1; }
	mint& operator--() { return *this -= 1; }
	friend mint operator+(mint a, const mint& b) { return a += b; }
	friend mint operator-(mint a, const mint& b) { return a -= b; }
	friend mint operator*(mint a, const mint& b) { return a *= b; }
	friend mint operator/(mint a, const mint& b) { return a /= b; }
};
const int MOD=F; 
using mi = mint<MOD,5>; // 5 is primitive root for both common mods

namespace simp {
	vector<mi> fac,ifac,invn;
	void check(int x) {
		if (fac.empty()) {
			fac={mi(1),mi(1)};
			ifac={mi(1),mi(1)};
			invn={mi(0),mi(1)};
		}
		while (SI(fac)<=x) {
			int n=SI(fac),m=SI(fac)*2;
			fac.resize(m);
			ifac.resize(m);
			invn.resize(m);
			for (int i=n;i<m;i++) {
				fac[i]=fac[i-1]*mi(i);
				invn[i]=mi(MOD-MOD/i)*invn[MOD%i];
				ifac[i]=ifac[i-1]*invn[i];
			}
		}
	}
	mi gfac(int x) {
		assert(x>=0);
		check(x); return fac[x];
	}
	mi ginv(int x) {
		assert(x>0);
		check(x); return invn[x];
	}
	mi gifac(int x) {
		assert(x>=0);
		check(x); return ifac[x];
	}
	mi binom(int n,int m) {
		if (m < 0 || m > n) return mi(0);
		return gfac(n)*gifac(m)*gifac(n - m);
	}
}
void work(){
	string s;
	cin>>s;
	int n=s.length();
	int t=0;
	if(s[0]=='u') s[0]='s',++t;
	if(s[n-1]=='u') s[n-1]='s',++t;
	vector<vector<ll> > f(n+100,vector<ll>(3,0));
	f[0][0]=1e9;
	For(i,n-1) if(s[i]=='u') {
		f[i][0]=f[i-1][1];
		f[i][1]=min(f[i-1][0],f[i-1][1])+1;
	}else{
		f[i][0]=f[i-1][1]+1;
		f[i][1]=min(f[i-1][0],f[i-1][1]);
	}
	cout<<f[n-1][1]+t<<endl;
}
int main()
{
//	freopen("A.in","r",stdin);
//	freopen(".out","w",stdout);
	int T=read();
	while(T--)
	work();

	return 0;
}

C First or Second

cpp 复制代码 
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std;

#define For(i,n) for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
#define Fork(i,k,n) for(int i=k;i<=n;i++)
#define ForkD(i,k,n) for(int i=n;i>=k;i--)
#define Rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define ForD(i,n) for(int i=n;i;i--)
#define RepD(i,n) for(int i=n;i>=0;i--)
#define Forp(x) for(int p=pre[x];p;p=next[p])
#define Forpiter(x) for(int &p=iter[x];p;p=next[p])  
#define Lson (o<<1)
#define Rson ((o<<1)+1)
#define MEM(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
#define MEMI(a) memset(a,0x3f,sizeof(a));
#define MEMi(a) memset(a,128,sizeof(a));
#define MEMx(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a));
#define INF (0x3f3f3f3f)
#define F (1000000007)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define fi first
#define se second
#define vi vector<int> 
#define vii(f,n,m) vector<int> f(n,vi(m)) 
#define pi pair<int,int>
#define SI(a) ((a).size())
#define is_ok(a) puts(a?"Yes":"No")
#define Pr(kcase,ans) printf("Case #%d: %lld\n",kcase,ans);
#define PRi(a,n) For(i,n-1) cout<<a[i]<<' '; cout<<a[n]<<endl;
#define PRi2D(a,n,m) For(i,n) { \
						For(j,m-1) cout<<a[i][j]<<' ';\
						cout<<a[i][m]<<endl; \
						} 
#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000")
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define gmax(a,b) a=max(a,b);
#define gmin(a,b) a=min(a,b);
#ifdef DEBUG
#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
#endif

#define DEBUG
int recur_depth = 0;
#ifdef DEBUG
#define dbg(x) {++recur_depth; auto x_=x; --recur_depth; cerr<<string(recur_depth, '\t')<<"\e[91m"<<__func__<<":"<<__LINE__<<"\t"<<#x<<" = "<<x_<<"\e[39m"<<endl;}
#else
#define dbg(x)
#endif
template<typename Ostream, typename Cont>
typename enable_if<is_same<Ostream,ostream>::value, Ostream&>::type operator<<(Ostream& os,  const Cont& v){
	os<<"[";
	for(auto& x:v){os<<x<<", ";}
	return os<<"]";
}
template<typename Ostream, typename ...Ts>
Ostream& operator<<(Ostream& os,  const pair<Ts...>& p){
	return os<<"{"<<p.first<<", "<<p.second<<"}";
}

typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
ll mul(ll a,ll b){return (a*b)%F;}
ll add(ll a,ll b){return (a+b)%F;}
ll sub(ll a,ll b){return ((a-b)%F+F)%F;}
void upd(ll &a,ll b){a=(a%F+b%F)%F;}
inline int read()
{
	int x=0,f=1; char ch=getchar();
	while(!isdigit(ch)) {if (ch=='-') f=-1; ch=getchar();}
	while(isdigit(ch)) { x=x*10+ch-'0'; ch=getchar();}
	return x*f;
} 

template<int MOD, int RT> struct mint {
	static const int mod = MOD;
	static constexpr mint rt() { return RT; } // primitive root for FFT
	int v; explicit operator int() const { return v; } // explicit -> don't silently convert to int
	mint():v(0) {}
	mint(ll _v) { v = int((-MOD < _v && _v < MOD) ? _v : _v % MOD);
		if (v < 0) v += MOD; }
	bool operator==(const mint& o) const {
		return v == o.v; }
	friend bool operator!=(const mint& a, const mint& b) { 
		return !(a == b); }
	friend bool operator<(const mint& a, const mint& b) { 
		return a.v < b.v; }
   
	mint& operator+=(const mint& o) { 
		if ((v += o.v) >= MOD) v -= MOD; 
		return *this; }
	mint& operator-=(const mint& o) { 
		if ((v -= o.v) < 0) v += MOD; 
		return *this; }
	mint& operator*=(const mint& o) { 
		v = int((ll)v*o.v%MOD); return *this; }
	mint& operator/=(const mint& o) { return (*this) *= inv(o); }
	friend mint pow(mint a, ll p) {
		mint ans = 1; assert(p >= 0);
		for (; p; p /= 2, a *= a) if (p&1) ans *= a;
		return ans; }
	friend mint inv(const mint& a) { assert(a.v != 0); 
		return pow(a,MOD-2); }
		
	mint operator-() const { return mint(-v); }
	mint& operator++() { return *this += 1; }
	mint& operator--() { return *this -= 1; }
	friend mint operator+(mint a, const mint& b) { return a += b; }
	friend mint operator-(mint a, const mint& b) { return a -= b; }
	friend mint operator*(mint a, const mint& b) { return a *= b; }
	friend mint operator/(mint a, const mint& b) { return a /= b; }
};
const int MOD=F; 
using mi = mint<MOD,5>; // 5 is primitive root for both common mods

namespace simp {
	vector<mi> fac,ifac,invn;
	void check(int x) {
		if (fac.empty()) {
			fac={mi(1),mi(1)};
			ifac={mi(1),mi(1)};
			invn={mi(0),mi(1)};
		}
		while (SI(fac)<=x) {
			int n=SI(fac),m=SI(fac)*2;
			fac.resize(m);
			ifac.resize(m);
			invn.resize(m);
			for (int i=n;i<m;i++) {
				fac[i]=fac[i-1]*mi(i);
				invn[i]=mi(MOD-MOD/i)*invn[MOD%i];
				ifac[i]=ifac[i-1]*invn[i];
			}
		}
	}
	mi gfac(int x) {
		assert(x>=0);
		check(x); return fac[x];
	}
	mi ginv(int x) {
		assert(x>0);
		check(x); return invn[x];
	}
	mi gifac(int x) {
		assert(x>=0);
		check(x); return ifac[x];
	}
	mi binom(int n,int m) {
		if (m < 0 || m > n) return mi(0);
		return gfac(n)*gifac(m)*gifac(n - m);
	}
}
void work(){
	int n=read();
	vector<ll> a(n);
	Rep(i,n) a[i]=read();
	vector<ll > l(n),r(n);
	l[0]=a[0];
	For(i,n-1) l[i]=l[i-1]+abs(a[i]);
	r[n-1]=-a[n-1];
	RepD(i,n-2) r[i]=r[i+1]-a[i];
	ll ans=r[1];
	Rep(i,n) {
		ll t=0;
		if(i)t+=l[i-1];
		if(i+1<n) t+=r[i+1];
		gmax(ans,t)
	}
	cout<<ans<<endl;
}
int main()
{
//	freopen("A.in","r",stdin);
//	freopen(".out","w",stdout);
	int T=read();
	while(T--)
	work();

	return 0;
}

D Xmas or Hysteria

cpp 复制代码 
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std;

#define For(i,n) for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
#define Fork(i,k,n) for(int i=k;i<=n;i++)
#define ForkD(i,k,n) for(int i=n;i>=k;i--)
#define Rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define ForD(i,n) for(int i=n;i;i--)
#define RepD(i,n) for(int i=n;i>=0;i--)
#define Forp(x) for(int p=pre[x];p;p=next[p])
#define Forpiter(x) for(int &p=iter[x];p;p=next[p])  
#define Lson (o<<1)
#define Rson ((o<<1)+1)
#define MEM(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
#define MEMI(a) memset(a,0x3f,sizeof(a));
#define MEMi(a) memset(a,128,sizeof(a));
#define MEMx(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a));
#define INF (0x3f3f3f3f)
#define F (1000000007)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define fi first
#define se second
#define vi vector<int> 
#define vii(f,n,m) vector<int> f(n,vi(m)) 
#define pi pair<int,int>
#define SI(a) ((a).size())
#define is_ok(a) puts(a?"Yes":"No")
#define Pr(kcase,ans) printf("Case #%d: %lld\n",kcase,ans);
#define PRi(a,n) For(i,n-1) cout<<a[i]<<' '; cout<<a[n]<<endl;
#define PRi2D(a,n,m) For(i,n) { \
						For(j,m-1) cout<<a[i][j]<<' ';\
						cout<<a[i][m]<<endl; \
						} 
#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000")
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define gmax(a,b) a=max(a,b);
#define gmin(a,b) a=min(a,b);
#ifdef DEBUG
#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
#endif

#define DEBUG
int recur_depth = 0;
#ifdef DEBUG
#define dbg(x) {++recur_depth; auto x_=x; --recur_depth; cerr<<string(recur_depth, '\t')<<"\e[91m"<<__func__<<":"<<__LINE__<<"\t"<<#x<<" = "<<x_<<"\e[39m"<<endl;}
#else
#define dbg(x)
#endif
template<typename Ostream, typename Cont>
typename enable_if<is_same<Ostream,ostream>::value, Ostream&>::type operator<<(Ostream& os,  const Cont& v){
	os<<"[";
	for(auto& x:v){os<<x<<", ";}
	return os<<"]";
}
template<typename Ostream, typename ...Ts>
Ostream& operator<<(Ostream& os,  const pair<Ts...>& p){
	return os<<"{"<<p.first<<", "<<p.second<<"}";
}

typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
ll mul(ll a,ll b){return (a*b)%F;}
ll add(ll a,ll b){return (a+b)%F;}
ll sub(ll a,ll b){return ((a-b)%F+F)%F;}
void upd(ll &a,ll b){a=(a%F+b%F)%F;}
inline int read()
{
	int x=0,f=1; char ch=getchar();
	while(!isdigit(ch)) {if (ch=='-') f=-1; ch=getchar();}
	while(isdigit(ch)) { x=x*10+ch-'0'; ch=getchar();}
	return x*f;
} 

template<int MOD, int RT> struct mint {
	static const int mod = MOD;
	static constexpr mint rt() { return RT; } // primitive root for FFT
	int v; explicit operator int() const { return v; } // explicit -> don't silently convert to int
	mint():v(0) {}
	mint(ll _v) { v = int((-MOD < _v && _v < MOD) ? _v : _v % MOD);
		if (v < 0) v += MOD; }
	bool operator==(const mint& o) const {
		return v == o.v; }
	friend bool operator!=(const mint& a, const mint& b) { 
		return !(a == b); }
	friend bool operator<(const mint& a, const mint& b) { 
		return a.v < b.v; }
   
	mint& operator+=(const mint& o) { 
		if ((v += o.v) >= MOD) v -= MOD; 
		return *this; }
	mint& operator-=(const mint& o) { 
		if ((v -= o.v) < 0) v += MOD; 
		return *this; }
	mint& operator*=(const mint& o) { 
		v = int((ll)v*o.v%MOD); return *this; }
	mint& operator/=(const mint& o) { return (*this) *= inv(o); }
	friend mint pow(mint a, ll p) {
		mint ans = 1; assert(p >= 0);
		for (; p; p /= 2, a *= a) if (p&1) ans *= a;
		return ans; }
	friend mint inv(const mint& a) { assert(a.v != 0); 
		return pow(a,MOD-2); }
		
	mint operator-() const { return mint(-v); }
	mint& operator++() { return *this += 1; }
	mint& operator--() { return *this -= 1; }
	friend mint operator+(mint a, const mint& b) { return a += b; }
	friend mint operator-(mint a, const mint& b) { return a -= b; }
	friend mint operator*(mint a, const mint& b) { return a *= b; }
	friend mint operator/(mint a, const mint& b) { return a /= b; }
};
const int MOD=F; 
using mi = mint<MOD,5>; // 5 is primitive root for both common mods

namespace simp {
	vector<mi> fac,ifac,invn;
	void check(int x) {
		if (fac.empty()) {
			fac={mi(1),mi(1)};
			ifac={mi(1),mi(1)};
			invn={mi(0),mi(1)};
		}
		while (SI(fac)<=x) {
			int n=SI(fac),m=SI(fac)*2;
			fac.resize(m);
			ifac.resize(m);
			invn.resize(m);
			for (int i=n;i<m;i++) {
				fac[i]=fac[i-1]*mi(i);
				invn[i]=mi(MOD-MOD/i)*invn[MOD%i];
				ifac[i]=ifac[i-1]*invn[i];
			}
		}
	}
	mi gfac(int x) {
		assert(x>=0);
		check(x); return fac[x];
	}
	mi ginv(int x) {
		assert(x>0);
		check(x); return invn[x];
	}
	mi gifac(int x) {
		assert(x>=0);
		check(x); return ifac[x];
	}
	mi binom(int n,int m) {
		if (m < 0 || m > n) return mi(0);
		return gfac(n)*gifac(m)*gifac(n - m);
	}
}
void work(){
	int n,m;
	cin>>n>>m;
	vector<pair<ll,int> > a(n);
	Rep(i,n) a[i]=mp(read(),i);
	sort(ALL(a));
	if(m>n/2) {
		puts("-1");return;
	}
	if(m>0) {
		int tn=n;
		vector<pair<int,int> > v;
		int p=0;
		while((tn)/2!=m){
			v.pb(mp(a[p].se,a[p+1].se));
			++p;
			tn--;
		}
		while(p+1<=n-1) {
			v.pb(mp(a[p+1].se,a[p].se));
			p+=2;
		}
		if(p==n-1){
			v.pb(mp(a[p].se,a[p-1].se));
			
		}
		cout<<SI(v)<<endl;
		for(auto p:v) cout<<p.fi+1<<' '<<p.se+1<<endl;
		return ;
	}
	
	if(!m) {
		int pos=n-1;ll s=0;
		while(pos>0) {
			--pos;
			s+=a[pos].fi;
			if(s>=a[n-1].fi) {
				vector<pair<int,int> > v;
				for(int i=0;i<pos;i++) v.pb({a[i].se,a[i+1].se});		
				for(int j=n-2;j>=pos;j--) v.pb({a[j].se,a[n-1].se});
				cout<<SI(v)<<endl;
				for(auto p:v) cout<<p.fi+1<<' '<<p.se+1<<endl;
				
				return;
			}
		}
		puts("-1");return ;
	}
	

	

}
int main()
{
//	freopen("A.in","r",stdin);
//	freopen(".out","w",stdout);
	int T=read();
	while(T--)
		work();

	return 0;
}

E Flatten or Concatenate

cpp 复制代码 
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std;

#define For(i,n) for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
#define Fork(i,k,n) for(int i=k;i<=n;i++)
#define ForkD(i,k,n) for(int i=n;i>=k;i--)
#define Rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define ForD(i,n) for(int i=n;i;i--)
#define RepD(i,n) for(int i=n;i>=0;i--)
#define Forp(x) for(int p=pre[x];p;p=next[p])
#define Forpiter(x) for(int &p=iter[x];p;p=next[p])  
#define Lson (o<<1)
#define Rson ((o<<1)+1)
#define MEM(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
#define MEMI(a) memset(a,0x3f,sizeof(a));
#define MEMi(a) memset(a,128,sizeof(a));
#define MEMx(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a));
#define INF (0x3f3f3f3f)
#define F (1000000007)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define fi first
#define se second
#define vi vector<int> 
#define vii(f,n,m) vector<int> f(n,vi(m)) 
#define pi pair<int,int>
#define SI(a) ((a).size())
#define is_ok(a) puts(a?"Yes":"No")
#define Pr(kcase,ans) printf("Case #%d: %lld\n",kcase,ans);
#define PRi(a,n) For(i,n-1) cout<<a[i]<<' '; cout<<a[n]<<endl;
#define PRi2D(a,n,m) For(i,n) { \
						For(j,m-1) cout<<a[i][j]<<' ';\
						cout<<a[i][m]<<endl; \
						} 
#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000")
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define gmax(a,b) a=max(a,b);
#define gmin(a,b) a=min(a,b);
#ifdef DEBUG
#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
#endif

#define DEBUG
int recur_depth = 0;
#ifdef DEBUG
#define dbg(x) {++recur_depth; auto x_=x; --recur_depth; cerr<<string(recur_depth, '\t')<<"\e[91m"<<__func__<<":"<<__LINE__<<"\t"<<#x<<" = "<<x_<<"\e[39m"<<endl;}
#else
#define dbg(x)
#endif
template<typename Ostream, typename Cont>
typename enable_if<is_same<Ostream,ostream>::value, Ostream&>::type operator<<(Ostream& os,  const Cont& v){
	os<<"[";
	for(auto& x:v){os<<x<<", ";}
	return os<<"]";
}
template<typename Ostream, typename ...Ts>
Ostream& operator<<(Ostream& os,  const pair<Ts...>& p){
	return os<<"{"<<p.first<<", "<<p.second<<"}";
}

typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
ll mul(ll a,ll b){return (a*b)%F;}
ll add(ll a,ll b){return (a+b)%F;}
ll sub(ll a,ll b){return ((a-b)%F+F)%F;}
void upd(ll &a,ll b){a=(a%F+b%F)%F;}
inline int read()
{
	int x=0,f=1; char ch=getchar();
	while(!isdigit(ch)) {if (ch=='-') f=-1; ch=getchar();}
	while(isdigit(ch)) { x=x*10+ch-'0'; ch=getchar();}
	return x*f;
} 

template<int MOD, int RT> struct mint {
	static const int mod = MOD;
	static constexpr mint rt() { return RT; } // primitive root for FFT
	int v; explicit operator int() const { return v; } // explicit -> don't silently convert to int
	mint():v(0) {}
	mint(ll _v) { v = int((-MOD < _v && _v < MOD) ? _v : _v % MOD);
		if (v < 0) v += MOD; }
	bool operator==(const mint& o) const {
		return v == o.v; }
	friend bool operator!=(const mint& a, const mint& b) { 
		return !(a == b); }
	friend bool operator<(const mint& a, const mint& b) { 
		return a.v < b.v; }
   
	mint& operator+=(const mint& o) { 
		if ((v += o.v) >= MOD) v -= MOD; 
		return *this; }
	mint& operator-=(const mint& o) { 
		if ((v -= o.v) < 0) v += MOD; 
		return *this; }
	mint& operator*=(const mint& o) { 
		v = int((ll)v*o.v%MOD); return *this; }
	mint& operator/=(const mint& o) { return (*this) *= inv(o); }
	friend mint pow(mint a, ll p) {
		mint ans = 1; assert(p >= 0);
		for (; p; p /= 2, a *= a) if (p&1) ans *= a;
		return ans; }
	friend mint inv(const mint& a) { assert(a.v != 0); 
		return pow(a,MOD-2); }
		
	mint operator-() const { return mint(-v); }
	mint& operator++() { return *this += 1; }
	mint& operator--() { return *this -= 1; }
	friend mint operator+(mint a, const mint& b) { return a += b; }
	friend mint operator-(mint a, const mint& b) { return a -= b; }
	friend mint operator*(mint a, const mint& b) { return a *= b; }
	friend mint operator/(mint a, const mint& b) { return a /= b; }
};
const int MOD=F; 
using mi = mint<MOD,5>; // 5 is primitive root for both common mods

namespace simp {
	vector<mi> fac,ifac,invn;
	void check(int x) {
		if (fac.empty()) {
			fac={mi(1),mi(1)};
			ifac={mi(1),mi(1)};
			invn={mi(0),mi(1)};
		}
		while (SI(fac)<=x) {
			int n=SI(fac),m=SI(fac)*2;
			fac.resize(m);
			ifac.resize(m);
			invn.resize(m);
			for (int i=n;i<m;i++) {
				fac[i]=fac[i-1]*mi(i);
				invn[i]=mi(MOD-MOD/i)*invn[MOD%i];
				ifac[i]=ifac[i-1]*invn[i];
			}
		}
	}
	mi gfac(int x) {
		assert(x>=0);
		check(x); return fac[x];
	}
	mi ginv(int x) {
		assert(x>0);
		check(x); return invn[x];
	}
	mi gifac(int x) {
		assert(x>=0);
		check(x); return ifac[x];
	}
	mi binom(int n,int m) {
		if (m < 0 || m > n) return mi(0);
		return gfac(n)*gifac(m)*gifac(n - m);
	}
}
ll qur(int l,int r){
	cout<<"? "<<l<<' '<<r<<endl;
	fflush(stdout);
	ll t;cin>>t;
	return t;
}
void work(){
	int n;
	cin>>n;
	int l=1,r=n;
	while(l<=r) {
		if(l==r) {
			ll p=qur(l,r);

			cout<<"! "<<p<<endl;
			return;
		}
		ll p=qur(l,r);
		ll nl=l,nr=r,ans=-1;
		while(nl<=nr) {
			ll m=(nl+nr)/2;
			if(qur(l,m)<=p/2) ans=m,nl=m+1;else nr=m-1;
		}
		dbg(l) dbg(ans) dbg(r)
		dbg(ans-l+1) dbg(r-ans)
		if(ans-l+1>=r-ans) l=ans+1;else r=ans;

	}
}
int main()
{
//	freopen("A.in","r",stdin);
//	freopen(".out","w",stdout);
	int T=read();
	while(T--)
		work();

	return 0;
}

F Conquer or of Forest

cpp 复制代码 
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std;

#define For(i,n) for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
#define Fork(i,k,n) for(int i=k;i<=n;i++)
#define ForkD(i,k,n) for(int i=n;i>=k;i--)
#define Rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define ForD(i,n) for(int i=n;i;i--)
#define RepD(i,n) for(int i=n;i>=0;i--)
#define Forp(x) for(int p=pre[x];p;p=next[p])
#define Forpiter(x) for(int &p=iter[x];p;p=next[p])  
#define Lson (o<<1)
#define Rson ((o<<1)+1)
#define MEM(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
#define MEMI(a) memset(a,0x3f,sizeof(a));
#define MEMi(a) memset(a,128,sizeof(a));
#define MEMx(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a));
#define INF (0x3f3f3f3f)
#define F (998244353)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define fi first
#define se second
#define vi vector<int> 
#define vii(f,n,m) vector<int> f(n,vi(m)) 
#define pi pair<int,int>
#define SI(a) ((a).size())
#define is_ok(a) puts(a?"Yes":"No")
#define Pr(kcase,ans) printf("Case #%d: %lld\n",kcase,ans);
#define PRi(a,n) For(i,n-1) cout<<a[i]<<' '; cout<<a[n]<<endl;
#define PRi2D(a,n,m) For(i,n) { \
						For(j,m-1) cout<<a[i][j]<<' ';\
						cout<<a[i][m]<<endl; \
						} 
#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000")
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define gmax(a,b) a=max(a,b);
#define gmin(a,b) a=min(a,b);
#ifdef DEBUG
#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
#endif

#define DEBUG
int recur_depth = 0;
#ifdef DEBUG
#define dbg(x) {++recur_depth; auto x_=x; --recur_depth; cerr<<string(recur_depth, '\t')<<"\e[91m"<<__func__<<":"<<__LINE__<<"\t"<<#x<<" = "<<x_<<"\e[39m"<<endl;}
#else
#define dbg(x)
#endif
template<typename Ostream, typename Cont>
typename enable_if<is_same<Ostream,ostream>::value, Ostream&>::type operator<<(Ostream& os,  const Cont& v){
	os<<"[";
	for(auto& x:v){os<<x<<", ";}
	return os<<"]";
}
template<typename Ostream, typename ...Ts>
Ostream& operator<<(Ostream& os,  const pair<Ts...>& p){
	return os<<"{"<<p.first<<", "<<p.second<<"}";
}

typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
ll mul(ll a,ll b){return (a*b)%F;}
ll add(ll a,ll b){return (a+b)%F;}
ll sub(ll a,ll b){return ((a-b)%F+F)%F;}
void upd(ll &a,ll b){a=(a%F+b%F)%F;}
inline int read()
{
	int x=0,f=1; char ch=getchar();
	while(!isdigit(ch)) {if (ch=='-') f=-1; ch=getchar();}
	while(isdigit(ch)) { x=x*10+ch-'0'; ch=getchar();}
	return x*f;
} 

template<int MOD, int RT> struct mint {
	static const int mod = MOD;
	static constexpr mint rt() { return RT; } // primitive root for FFT
	int v; explicit operator int() const { return v; } // explicit -> don't silently convert to int
	mint():v(0) {}
	mint(ll _v) { v = int((-MOD < _v && _v < MOD) ? _v : _v % MOD);
		if (v < 0) v += MOD; }
	bool operator==(const mint& o) const {
		return v == o.v; }
	friend bool operator!=(const mint& a, const mint& b) { 
		return !(a == b); }
	friend bool operator<(const mint& a, const mint& b) { 
		return a.v < b.v; }
   
	mint& operator+=(const mint& o) { 
		if ((v += o.v) >= MOD) v -= MOD; 
		return *this; }
	mint& operator-=(const mint& o) { 
		if ((v -= o.v) < 0) v += MOD; 
		return *this; }
	mint& operator*=(const mint& o) { 
		v = int((ll)v*o.v%MOD); return *this; }
	mint& operator/=(const mint& o) { return (*this) *= inv(o); }
	friend mint pow(mint a, ll p) {
		mint ans = 1; assert(p >= 0);
		for (; p; p /= 2, a *= a) if (p&1) ans *= a;
		return ans; }
	friend mint inv(const mint& a) { assert(a.v != 0); 
		return pow(a,MOD-2); }
		
	mint operator-() const { return mint(-v); }
	mint& operator++() { return *this += 1; }
	mint& operator--() { return *this -= 1; }
	friend mint operator+(mint a, const mint& b) { return a += b; }
	friend mint operator-(mint a, const mint& b) { return a -= b; }
	friend mint operator*(mint a, const mint& b) { return a *= b; }
	friend mint operator/(mint a, const mint& b) { return a /= b; }
};
const int MOD=F; 
using mi = mint<MOD,5>; // 5 is primitive root for both common mods

namespace simp {
	vector<mi> fac,ifac,invn;
	void check(int x) {
		if (fac.empty()) {
			fac={mi(1),mi(1)};
			ifac={mi(1),mi(1)};
			invn={mi(0),mi(1)};
		}
		while (SI(fac)<=x) {
			int n=SI(fac),m=SI(fac)*2;
			fac.resize(m);
			ifac.resize(m);
			invn.resize(m);
			for (int i=n;i<m;i++) {
				fac[i]=fac[i-1]*mi(i);
				invn[i]=mi(MOD-MOD/i)*invn[MOD%i];
				ifac[i]=ifac[i-1]*invn[i];
			}
		}
	}
	mi gfac(int x) {
		assert(x>=0);
		check(x); return fac[x];
	}
	mi ginv(int x) {
		assert(x>0);
		check(x); return invn[x];
	}
	mi gifac(int x) {
		assert(x>=0);
		check(x); return ifac[x];
	}
	mi binom(int n,int m) {
		if (m < 0 || m > n) return mi(0);
		return gfac(n)*gifac(m)*gifac(n - m);
	}
}


#define MAXN (212345)
ll sz[MAXN],n,sz2[MAXN];
vi v[MAXN];
vi a;
void dfs(int x,int fa) {
	for (auto u:v[x])
		if (u!=fa) {
			dfs(u,x);
			sz[x]+=sz[u];
			if(sz[u]%2==1) sz2[x]+=sz2[u];
	}
	sz[x]++;
	sz2[x]++;
	if(sz2[x]%2==0&&x>1) a.pb(sz2[x]);
}
int t=0;
void dfs2(int x,int fa) {
	if(x>1 && sz[x]%2==0) {
		return;
	}
	++t;
	for (auto u:v[x])
		if (u!=fa) {
			dfs2(u,x);
	}
}
mi iv[212345];
int main()
{
//	freopen("c.in","r",stdin);
//	freopen(".out",w",stdout);
	int T=read();

	For(i,2e5) iv[i]=(mi)1/(mi)i;

	while(T--) {
		n=read();
		For(i,n-1) {
			int x=read(),y=read();
			v[x].pb(y); v[y].pb(x);
		}
		For(i,n) sz[i]=sz2[i]=0;
		t=0;
		a.resize(0);
		dfs(1,-1);
		dfs2(1,-1);
		mi tot=0,ans=1;

		for(auto k:a) ans*=(mi)k;
		ans=ans*ans;
		int len=SI(a)-1;
		mi qt=1;
		For(i,len) qt*=(mi)i;
		for(auto k:a) {
			tot+=ans*iv[k];
		}
		tot*=qt;
		tot*=t;
		if(SI(a)==0){
			cout<<1<<endl;
		}else cout<<tot.v<<endl;
		For(i,n) v[i].resize(0);

	}
	
	
	return 0;
}
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