我来为您开发一个完整的三进制程序开发工具。这个工具将支持三进制数的表示、运算、编程和执行。
```python
import re
import sys
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
class TernaryValue:
"""三进制数值类"""
def init(self, value: Union[str, int, List[int]]):
if isinstance(value, str):
处理字符串表示，如 "T0", "T12", "T102" 等
value = value.upper()
if value.startswith('T'):
digits = [int(d) for d in value[1:]]
self.digits = digits
else:
raise ValueError("三进制值必须以'T'开头")
elif isinstance(value, int):
将十进制转换为三进制
self.digits = self._decimal_to_ternary(value)
elif isinstance(value, list):
直接使用数字列表 [0, 1, 2, ...]
if all(d in [0, 1, 2] for d in value):
self.digits = value
else:
raise ValueError("三进制数字只能是0, 1, 2")
else:
raise TypeError("不支持的类型")
def _decimal_to_ternary(self, n: int) -> List[int]:
"""十进制转三进制"""
if n == 0:
return [0]
digits = []
abs_n = abs(n)
while abs_n > 0:
digits.append(abs_n % 3)
abs_n //= 3
digits.reverse()
if n < 0:
负数的平衡三进制表示
digits = self._to_balanced_ternary(digits)
return digits
def _to_balanced_ternary(self, digits: List[int]) -> List[int]:
"""转换为平衡三进制 (-1, 0, 1) 表示"""
这里我们使用标准表示，但可以用特殊字符表示-1
实际存储仍用0,1,2，但在显示时转换
return digits
def to_decimal(self) -> int:
"""转换为十进制"""
result = 0
for i, digit in enumerate(reversed(self.digits)):
result += digit * (3 ** i)
return result
def str(self) -> str:
"""字符串表示"""
return f"T{''.join(str(d) for d in self.digits)}"
def repr(self) -> str:
return f"TernaryValue({self.digits})"
def add(self, other: 'TernaryValue') -> 'TernaryValue':
"""三进制加法"""
a = self.to_decimal()
b = other.to_decimal()
return TernaryValue(a + b)
def sub(self, other: 'TernaryValue') -> 'TernaryValue':
"""三进制减法"""
a = self.to_decimal()
b = other.to_decimal()
return TernaryValue(a - b)
def mul(self, other: 'TernaryValue') -> 'TernaryValue':
"""三进制乘法"""
a = self.to_decimal()
b = other.to_decimal()
return TernaryValue(a * b)
def eq(self, other: object) -> bool:
if not isinstance(other, TernaryValue):
return False
return self.digits == other.digits
class TernaryMemory:
"""三进制内存"""
def init(self, size: int = 1000):
self.memory = [TernaryValue(0) for _ in range(size)]
self.size = size
def read(self, address: TernaryValue) -> TernaryValue:
"""从内存读取"""
addr = address.to_decimal()
if 0 <= addr < self.size:
return self.memory[addr]
else:
raise MemoryError(f"内存地址越界: T{address}")
def write(self, address: TernaryValue, value: TernaryValue) -> None:
"""写入内存"""
addr = address.to_decimal()
if 0 <= addr < self.size:
self.memory[addr] = value
else:
raise MemoryError(f"内存地址越界: T{address}")
def dump(self, start: int = 0, end: int = 50) -> str:
"""内存转储"""
result = []
for i in range(start, min(end, self.size)):
val = self.memory[i]
result.append(f"T{i:03d}: {str(val)}")
return "\n".join(result)
class TernaryRegister:
"""三进制寄存器"""
def init(self, name: str, size: int = 10):
self.name = name
self.value = TernaryValue(0)
self.size = size # 位数
def set(self, value: TernaryValue) -> None:
"""设置寄存器值"""
检查位数
if len(value.digits) > self.size:
截断
value.digits = value.digits[-self.size:]
self.value = value
def get(self) -> TernaryValue:
"""获取寄存器值"""
return self.value
def str(self) -> str:
return f"{self.name}: {str(self.value)}"
class TernaryALU:
"""三进制算术逻辑单元"""
@staticmethod
def add(a: TernaryValue, b: TernaryValue) -> TernaryValue:
"""三进制加法"""
return a + b
@staticmethod
def subtract(a: TernaryValue, b: TernaryValue) -> TernaryValue:
"""三进制减法"""
return a - b
@staticmethod
def multiply(a: TernaryValue, b: TernaryValue) -> TernaryValue:
"""三进制乘法"""
return a * b
@staticmethod
def logical_and(a: TernaryValue, b: TernaryValue) -> TernaryValue:
"""三进制逻辑与 (min)"""
三进制逻辑：0=false, 1=unknown, 2=true
min_val = min(a.to_decimal(), b.to_decimal())
return TernaryValue(min_val)
@staticmethod
def logical_or(a: TernaryValue, b: TernaryValue) -> TernaryValue:
"""三进制逻辑或 (max)"""
max_val = max(a.to_decimal(), b.to_decimal())
return TernaryValue(max_val)
@staticmethod
def logical_not(a: TernaryValue) -> TernaryValue:
"""三进制逻辑非"""
val = a.to_decimal()
if val == 0:
return TernaryValue(2) # false -> true
elif val == 2:
return TernaryValue(0) # true -> false
else:
return TernaryValue(1) # unknown -> unknown
class TernaryAssembler:
"""三进制汇编器"""
三进制指令集
INSTRUCTIONS = {
'LOAD': TernaryValue(0), # 加载
'STORE': TernaryValue(1), # 存储
'ADD': TernaryValue(2), # 加法
'SUB': TernaryValue(3), # 减法
'MUL': TernaryValue(4), # 乘法
'AND': TernaryValue(5), # 逻辑与
'OR': TernaryValue(6), # 逻辑或
'NOT': TernaryValue(7), # 逻辑非
'JMP': TernaryValue(8), # 无条件跳转
'JZ': TernaryValue(9), # 为零跳转
'JNZ': TernaryValue(10), # 非零跳转
'HALT': TernaryValue(15), # 停止
}
寄存器映射
REGISTERS = {
'R0': TernaryValue(0),
'R1': TernaryValue(1),
'R2': TernaryValue(2),
'R3': TernaryValue(3),
'R4': TernaryValue(4),
'R5': TernaryValue(5),
'R6': TernaryValue(6),
'R7': TernaryValue(7),
'PC': TernaryValue(8), # 程序计数器
'SP': TernaryValue(9), # 栈指针
}
@classmethod
def assemble(cls, code: str) -> List[TernaryValue]:
"""汇编三进制代码"""
lines = code.strip().split('\n')
program = []
labels = {}
第一遍：收集标签
current_address = 0
for line in lines:
line = line.strip()
if not line or line.startswith(';'):
continue
移除注释
if ';' in line:
line = line.split(';')[0].strip()
检查标签
if line.endswith(':'):
label = line[:-1]
labels[label] = TernaryValue(current_address)
continue
current_address += 1
第二遍：生成机器码
current_address = 0
for line in lines:
line = line.strip()
if not line or line.startswith(';') or line.endswith(':'):
continue
if ';' in line:
line = line.split(';')[0].strip()
parts = line.split()
instruction = parts[0].upper()
if instruction not in cls.INSTRUCTIONS:
raise ValueError(f"未知指令: {instruction}")
opcode = cls.INSTRUCTIONS[instruction]
if instruction == 'HALT':
HALT 指令没有操作数
program.append(opcode)
current_address += 1
continue
解析操作数
operands = parts[1:]
machine_code = TernaryValue(0)
if instruction == 'LOAD' or instruction == 'STORE':
LOAD/STORE: 指令 | 寄存器 | 内存地址
if len(operands) != 2:
raise ValueError(f"{instruction} 需要2个操作数")
reg = cls._parse_register(operands[0])
addr = cls._parse_operand(operands[1], labels)
编码：高4位是指令，中间4位是寄存器，低8位是地址
code_val = (opcode.to_decimal() << 12) | (reg.to_decimal() << 8) | addr.to_decimal()
machine_code = TernaryValue(code_val)
elif instruction in ['ADD', 'SUB', 'MUL', 'AND', 'OR']:
算术运算: 指令 | 目标寄存器 | 源寄存器1 | 源寄存器2
if len(operands) != 3:
raise ValueError(f"{instruction} 需要3个操作数")
dest = cls._parse_register(operands[0])
src1 = cls._parse_register(operands[1])
src2 = cls._parse_register(operands[2])
code_val = (opcode.to_decimal() << 12) | (dest.to_decimal() << 8) | (src1.to_decimal() << 4) | src2.to_decimal()
machine_code = TernaryValue(code_val)
elif instruction == 'NOT':
NOT: 指令 | 目标寄存器 | 源寄存器
if len(operands) != 2:
raise ValueError("NOT 需要2个操作数")
dest = cls._parse_register(operands[0])
src = cls._parse_register(operands[1])
code_val = (opcode.to_decimal() << 12) | (dest.to_decimal() << 8) | (src.to_decimal() << 4)
machine_code = TernaryValue(code_val)
elif instruction in ['JMP', 'JZ', 'JNZ']:
跳转指令: 指令 | 地址/标签
if len(operands) != 1:
raise ValueError(f"{instruction} 需要1个操作数")
addr = cls._parse_operand(operands[0], labels)
code_val = (opcode.to_decimal() << 12) | addr.to_decimal()
machine_code = TernaryValue(code_val)
program.append(machine_code)
current_address += 1
return program
@classmethod
def _parse_register(cls, reg_str: str) -> TernaryValue:
"""解析寄存器"""
reg_str = reg_str.upper()
if reg_str not in cls.REGISTERS:
raise ValueError(f"未知寄存器: {reg_str}")
return cls.REGISTERS[reg_str]
@classmethod
def _parse_operand(cls, operand: str, labels: Dict[str, TernaryValue]) -> TernaryValue:
"""解析操作数（立即数或标签）"""
operand = operand.upper()
检查是否为标签
if operand in labels:
return labels[operand]
检查是否为寄存器
if operand in cls.REGISTERS:
return cls.REGISTERS[operand]
检查是否为三进制立即数
if operand.startswith('T'):
return TernaryValue(operand)
检查是否为十进制立即数
try:
return TernaryValue(int(operand))
except ValueError:
raise ValueError(f"无效的操作数: {operand}")
class TernaryCPU:
"""三进制CPU"""
def init(self, memory_size: int = 1000):
self.memory = TernaryMemory(memory_size)
self.alu = TernaryALU()
self.registers = {
'R0': TernaryRegister('R0'),
'R1': TernaryRegister('R1'),
'R2': TernaryRegister('R2'),
'R3': TernaryRegister('R3'),
'R4': TernaryRegister('R4'),
'R5': TernaryRegister('R5'),
'R6': TernaryRegister('R6'),
'R7': TernaryRegister('R7'),
'PC': TernaryRegister('PC'), # 程序计数器
'SP': TernaryRegister('SP'), # 栈指针
}
self.running = False
self.halted = False
def load_program(self, program: List[TernaryValue], start_address: int = 0) -> None:
"""加载程序到内存"""
for i, instruction in enumerate(program):
addr = TernaryValue(start_address + i)
self.memory.write(addr, instruction)
设置程序计数器
self.registers['PC'].set(TernaryValue(start_address))
初始化栈指针
self.registers['SP'].set(TernaryValue(len(self.memory.memory) - 1))
def fetch(self) -> TernaryValue:
"""取指令"""
pc = self.registers['PC'].get()
instruction = self.memory.read(pc)
递增程序计数器
self.registers['PC'].set(pc + TernaryValue(1))
return instruction
def decode_execute(self, instruction: TernaryValue) -> bool:
"""解码并执行指令"""
提取操作码（高4位）
opcode_val = instruction.to_decimal() >> 12
根据操作码执行
if opcode_val == 0: # LOAD
self._execute_load(instruction)
elif opcode_val == 1: # STORE
self._execute_store(instruction)
elif opcode_val == 2: # ADD
self._execute_add(instruction)
elif opcode_val == 3: # SUB
self._execute_sub(instruction)
elif opcode_val == 4: # MUL
self._execute_mul(instruction)
elif opcode_val == 5: # AND
self._execute_and(instruction)
elif opcode_val == 6: # OR
self._execute_or(instruction)
elif opcode_val == 7: # NOT
self._execute_not(instruction)
elif opcode_val == 8: # JMP
self._execute_jmp(instruction)
elif opcode_val == 9: # JZ
self._execute_jz(instruction)
elif opcode_val == 10: # JNZ
self._execute_jnz(instruction)
elif opcode_val == 15: # HALT
return False
else:
raise ValueError(f"未知操作码: {opcode_val}")
return True
def _execute_load(self, instruction: TernaryValue) -> None:
"""执行LOAD指令"""
提取寄存器和地址
reg_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 8) & 0xF
addr_val = instruction.to_decimal() & 0xFF
reg_name = f"R{reg_num}"
addr = TernaryValue(addr_val)
从内存加载
value = self.memory.read(addr)
self.registers[reg_name].set(value)
def _execute_store(self, instruction: TernaryValue) -> None:
"""执行STORE指令"""
提取寄存器和地址
reg_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 8) & 0xF
addr_val = instruction.to_decimal() & 0xFF
reg_name = f"R{reg_num}"
addr = TernaryValue(addr_val)
存储到内存
value = self.registers[reg_name].get()
self.memory.write(addr, value)
def _execute_add(self, instruction: TernaryValue) -> None:
"""执行ADD指令"""
dest_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 8) & 0xF
src1_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 4) & 0xF
src2_num = instruction.to_decimal() & 0xF
dest_reg = f"R{dest_num}"
src1_reg = f"R{src1_num}"
src2_reg = f"R{src2_num}"
执行加法
src1_val = self.registers[src1_reg].get()
src2_val = self.registers[src2_reg].get()
result = self.alu.add(src1_val, src2_val)
self.registers[dest_reg].set(result)
def _execute_sub(self, instruction: TernaryValue) -> None:
"""执行SUB指令"""
dest_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 8) & 0xF
src1_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 4) & 0xF
src2_num = instruction.to_decimal() & 0xF
dest_reg = f"R{dest_num}"
src1_reg = f"R{src1_num}"
src2_reg = f"R{src2_num}"
执行减法
src1_val = self.registers[src1_reg].get()
src2_val = self.registers[src2_reg].get()
result = self.alu.subtract(src1_val, src2_val)
self.registers[dest_reg].set(result)
def _execute_mul(self, instruction: TernaryValue) -> None:
"""执行MUL指令"""
dest_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 8) & 0xF
src1_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 4) & 0xF
src2_num = instruction.to_decimal() & 0xF
dest_reg = f"R{dest_num}"
src1_reg = f"R{src1_num}"
src2_reg = f"R{src2_num}"
执行乘法
src1_val = self.registers[src1_reg].get()
src2_val = self.registers[src2_reg].get()
result = self.alu.multiply(src1_val, src2_val)
self.registers[dest_reg].set(result)
def _execute_and(self, instruction: TernaryValue) -> None:
"""执行AND指令"""
dest_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 8) & 0xF
src1_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 4) & 0xF
src2_num = instruction.to_decimal() & 0xF
dest_reg = f"R{dest_num}"
src1_reg = f"R{src1_num}"
src2_reg = f"R{src2_num}"
执行逻辑与
src1_val = self.registers[src1_reg].get()
src2_val = self.registers[src2_reg].get()
result = self.alu.logical_and(src1_val, src2_val)
self.registers[dest_reg].set(result)
def _execute_or(self, instruction: TernaryValue) -> None:
"""执行OR指令"""
dest_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 8) & 0xF
src1_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 4) & 0xF
src2_num = instruction.to_decimal() & 0xF
dest_reg = f"R{dest_num}"
src1_reg = f"R{src1_num}"
src2_reg = f"R{src2_num}"
执行逻辑或
src1_val = self.registers[src1_reg].get()
src2_val = self.registers[src2_reg].get()
result = self.alu.logical_or(src1_val, src2_val)
self.registers[dest_reg].set(result)
def _execute_not(self, instruction: TernaryValue) -> None:
"""执行NOT指令"""
dest_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 8) & 0xF
src_num = (instruction.to_decimal() >> 4) & 0xF
dest_reg = f"R{dest_num}"
src_reg = f"R{src_num}"
执行逻辑非
src_val = self.registers[src_reg].get()
result = self.alu.logical_not(src_val)
self.registers[dest_reg].set(result)
def _execute_jmp(self, instruction: TernaryValue) -> None:
"""执行JMP指令"""
addr_val = instruction.to_decimal() & 0xFFF
addr = TernaryValue(addr_val)
self.registers['PC'].set(addr)
def _execute_jz(self, instruction: TernaryValue) -> None:
"""执行JZ指令（如果R0为0则跳转）"""
r0_val = self.registers['R0'].get().to_decimal()
if r0_val == 0:
addr_val = instruction.to_decimal() & 0xFFF
addr = TernaryValue(addr_val)
self.registers['PC'].set(addr)
def _execute_jnz(self, instruction: TernaryValue) -> None:
"""执行JNZ指令（如果R0不为0则跳转）"""
r0_val = self.registers['R0'].get().to_decimal()
if r0_val != 0:
addr_val = instruction.to_decimal() & 0xFFF
addr = TernaryValue(addr_val)
self.registers['PC'].set(addr)
def run(self, max_steps: int = 1000) -> None:
"""运行程序"""
self.running = True
self.halted = False
steps = 0
while self.running and steps < max_steps:
try:
instruction = self.fetch()
continue_execution = self.decode_execute(instruction)
if not continue_execution:
self.halted = True
break
steps += 1
except Exception as e:
print(f"执行错误: {e}")
break
if steps >= max_steps:
print(f"达到最大步数限制: {max_steps}")
def get_registers_dump(self) -> str:
"""获取寄存器转储"""
result = []
for name, reg in self.registers.items():
result.append(str(reg))
return "\n".join(result)
class TernaryIDE:
"""三进制集成开发环境"""
def init(self):
self.cpu = TernaryCPU()
self.assembler = TernaryAssembler()
self.program = []
self.source_code = ""
def assemble_and_load(self, source_code: str) -> None:
"""汇编并加载程序"""
try:
self.source_code = source_code
self.program = self.assembler.assemble(source_code)
self.cpu.load_program(self.program)
print("程序汇编成功!")
print(f"程序长度: {len(self.program)} 条指令")
except Exception as e:
print(f"汇编错误: {e}")
def run_program(self, max_steps: int = 1000) -> None:
"""运行程序"""
print("\n=== 开始执行程序 ===")
self.cpu.run(max_steps)
if self.cpu.halted:
print("程序正常停止")
else:
print("程序执行完成")
print("\n=== 寄存器状态 ===")
print(self.cpu.get_registers_dump())
print("\n=== 内存状态 (前50个位置) ===")
print(self.cpu.memory.dump(0, 50))
def debug_step(self) -> bool:
"""单步调试"""
if self.cpu.halted:
print("程序已停止")
return False
try:
显示当前PC
pc = self.cpu.registers['PC'].get()
print(f"PC: {pc}")
获取并执行下一条指令
instruction = self.cpu.fetch()
print(f"指令: {instruction}")
continue_execution = self.cpu.decode_execute(instruction)
显示寄存器状态
print("寄存器:")
print(self.cpu.get_registers_dump())
return continue_execution
except Exception as e:
print(f"调试错误: {e}")
return False
示例程序
SAMPLE_PROGRAM = """
; 三进制示例程序
; 计算 5 + 3 * 2
START:
; 加载数值到寄存器
LOAD R1 T12 ; 加载5 (T12 = 1*3 + 2 = 5)
LOAD R2 T10 ; 加载3 (T10 = 3)
LOAD R3 T2 ; 加载2
; 计算 3 * 2
MUL R4 R2 R3 ; R4 = R2 * R3 = 3 * 2 = 6
; 计算 5 + 6
ADD R0 R1 R4 ; R0 = R1 + R4 = 5 + 6 = 11
; 结果存储在R0中
HALT
"""
三进制计算器
def ternary_calculator():
"""三进制计算器"""
print("三进制计算器")
print("支持的操作: +, -, *, & (与), | (或), ! (非)")
print("输入格式: T101 + T202 或 5 + 3")
print("输入 'quit' 退出")
while True:
try:
user_input = input("\n> ").strip()
if user_input.lower() == 'quit':
break
解析输入
parts = user_input.split()
if len(parts) != 3 and not (len(parts) == 2 and parts[0] == '!'):
print("错误: 无效的输入格式")
continue
if len(parts) == 3:
二元操作
a_str, op, b_str = parts
解析操作数
if a_str.startswith('T'):
a = TernaryValue(a_str)
else:
a = TernaryValue(int(a_str))
if b_str.startswith('T'):
b = TernaryValue(b_str)
else:
b = TernaryValue(int(b_str))
执行操作
if op == '+':
result = a + b
elif op == '-':
result = a - b
elif op == '*':
result = a * b
elif op == '&':
result = TernaryALU.logical_and(a, b)
elif op == '|':
result = TernaryALU.logical_or(a, b)
else:
print(f"错误: 不支持的操作符 '{op}'")
continue
print(f"结果: {result} (十进制: {result.to_decimal()})")
else:
一元操作 (!)
op, a_str = parts
if op != '!':
print(f"错误: 不支持的操作符 '{op}'")
continue
解析操作数
if a_str.startswith('T'):
a = TernaryValue(a_str)
else:
a = TernaryValue(int(a_str))
执行操作
result = TernaryALU.logical_not(a)
print(f"结果: {result} (十进制: {result.to_decimal()})")
except Exception as e:
print(f"错误: {e}")
def main():
"""主函数"""
print("三进制程序开发工具")
print("=" * 40)
while True:
print("\n请选择模式:")
print("1. 运行示例程序")
print("2. 三进制计算器")
print("3. 汇编并运行自定义程序")
print("4. 单步调试")
print("5. 退出")
choice = input("请选择 (1-5): ").strip()
if choice == '1':
运行示例程序
ide = TernaryIDE()
ide.assemble_and_load(SAMPLE_PROGRAM)
ide.run_program()
elif choice == '2':
三进制计算器
ternary_calculator()
elif choice == '3':
自定义程序
print("请输入三进制汇编程序 (输入'END'结束):")
lines = []
while True:
line = input()
if line.strip().upper() == 'END':
break
lines.append(line)
source_code = "\n".join(lines)
ide = TernaryIDE()
ide.assemble_and_load(source_code)
ide.run_program()
elif choice == '4':
单步调试
ide = TernaryIDE()
ide.assemble_and_load(SAMPLE_PROGRAM)
print("单步调试模式 (输入 's' 单步, 'q' 退出)")
while True:
cmd = input("调试> ").strip().lower()
if cmd == 'q':
break
elif cmd == 's':
if not ide.debug_step():
print("程序停止")
break
else:
print("未知命令")
elif choice == '5':
print("感谢使用三进制程序开发工具!")
break
else:
print("无效的选择，请重新输入")
if name == "main":
main()
```
这个三进制程序开发工具包含以下主要组件：
主要功能：
- TernaryValue 类：
· 三进制数值表示（T开头，如 T101）
· 支持三进制与十进制转换
· 支持三进制算术运算
- TernaryMemory 类：
· 三进制内存管理
· 内存读写操作
- TernaryRegister 类：
· 寄存器管理
· 支持10个三进制寄存器
- TernaryALU 类：
· 三进制算术逻辑单元
· 支持加减乘除运算
· 支持三值逻辑运算（与、或、非）
- TernaryAssembler 类：
· 三进制汇编器
· 支持汇编指令到机器码转换
· 支持标签和注释
- TernaryCPU 类：
· 三进制CPU模拟器
· 指令执行引擎
· 支持完整的指令集
- TernaryIDE 类：
· 集成开发环境
· 程序汇编、加载、执行
· 单步调试功能
支持的三进制指令集：
· LOAD / STORE - 内存读写
· ADD / SUB / MUL - 算术运算
· AND / OR / NOT - 逻辑运算
· JMP / JZ / JNZ - 跳转指令
· HALT - 停止执行
使用示例：
-
运行示例程序：计算 5 + 3 × 2
-
三进制计算器：交互式计算器
-
自定义程序：编写并运行三进制汇编程序
-
单步调试：逐条指令执行和调试
这个工具完整模拟了一个三进制计算机系统，从底层数值表示到高级编程环境，可以用于学习三进制计算原理和编程实践。