大语言模型提示词工程教程：实现自动化工具推理

Function/Tool Calling

@openai: 函数调用为 OpenAI 模型提供了一种强大而灵活的方式，可以与您的代码或外部服务进行交互。通过函数调用，您可以向 Assistant 描述函数，并让其智能地返回需要调用的函数及其参数。@openai

@langchain: 我们将"工具调用"与"函数调用"互换使用。虽然"函数调用"有时指的是单个函数的调用，但我们将所有模型视为可以在每条消息中返回多个工具或函数调用。

工具调用与 ReACT 的区别

项目	ReAct 提示词工程	Function Calling
核心思想	用提示词引导模型「推理 + 行动 + 观察反馈」循环	明确声明函数签名，模型调用结构化函数
技术机制	Prompt 模板控制流程，如：Think -> Act -> Obs	通过函数描述注册函数接口，模型自动生成调用参数
环境交互灵活性	高：适用于复杂多步任务、agent 类流程	中：适合明确定义的单步工具调用
开发复杂度	中：需要精心设计提示词模板与中间状态管理	低~中：注册函数较直接，但需要参数与返回值处理
典型应用场景	多步推理、多工具交替使用、信息抽取等复杂场景	明确 API 调用、数据库查询、插件系统等
与 Agent 框架集成度	高：常用于 LangChain、AutoGPT 中的推理行为生成	高：OpenAI、LangChain、Claude 支持直接注册使用
优缺点总结	✅ 灵活可控	✅ 自动结构化调用
	❌ 难以规模化自动解析	❌ 不擅长多步控制与反馈处理

function calling 核心概念

tools: 函数列表
function: 单个函数定义
function.name: 函数名字
function.description: 函数作用描述
parameters: 函数形参说明

"tools": [
{
"type": "function",
"function": {
"name": "current_time",
"description": "A tool for getting the current time.",
"parameters": {
"properties": {},
"required": [],
"type": "object"
}
}
},
{
"type": "function",
"function": {
"name": "simple_code",
"description": "A tool for running code and getting the result back. Only native packages are allowed, network/IO operations are disabled. and you must use print() or console.log() to output the result or result will be empty.",
"parameters": {
"properties": {
"code": {
"description": "code to be executed, only native packages are allowed, network/IO operations are disabled.",
"type": "string"
},
"language": {
"description": "language of the code, only "python3" and "javascript" are supported",
"type": "string"
}
},
"required": ["language", "code"],
"type": "object"
}
}
}
]

工具调用的返回格式

tool_calls: 工具调用序列，单个或者多个
function 函数调用
function.name 函数名字
function.arguments 函数实参

"message": {
"role": "assistant",
"content": "",
"tool_calls": [
{
"function": {
"name": "simple_code",
"arguments": {
"code": "print(0.9111 ** 3)",
"language": "python3"
}
}
}
]
}

常用工具

代码解析器 python node
命令解析器 bash
文件管理 file directory
浏览器控制 browser use
外部接口 openapi swagger
大模型上下文协议 MCP playwright-mcp

python 工具调用示例

没有工具调用的对话模型

使用工具可以获得更加准确的结果

带有 function call 的请求

复制代码

{
  "model": "qwen3",
"stream": false,
"options": {
    "temperature": 0
  },
"messages": [
    {
      "role": "system",
      "content": "/no_think\n"
    },
    {
      "role": "user",
      "content": "使用python计算 0.9111**3="
    }
  ],
"tools": [
    {
      "type": "function",
      "function": {
        "name": "current_time",
        "description": "A tool for getting the current time.",
        "parameters": {
          "properties": {},
          "required": [],
          "type": "object"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "function",
      "function": {
        "name": "simple_code",
        "description": "A tool for running code and getting the result back. Only native packages are allowed, network/IO operations are disabled. and you must use print() or console.log() to output the result or result will be empty.",
        "parameters": {
          "properties": {
            "code": {
              "description": "code to be executed, only native packages are allowed, network/IO operations are disabled.",
              "type": "string"
            },
            "language": {
              "description": "language of the code, only \"python3\" and \"javascript\" are supported",
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "required": ["language", "code"],
          "type": "object"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

大模型的响应

复制代码

{
  "model": "qwen3",
"created_at": "2025-05-05T16:57:36.016688Z",
"message": {
    "role": "assistant",
    "content": "",
    "tool_calls": [
      {
        "function": {
          "name": "simple_code",
          "arguments": {
            "code": "print(0.9111 ** 3)",
            "language": "python3"
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  },
"done_reason": "stop",
"done": true,
"total_duration": 2037533417,
"load_duration": 34440000,
"prompt_eval_count": 275,
"prompt_eval_duration": 776227166,
"eval_count": 42,
"eval_duration": 1225024292
}

最终请求

复制代码

{
  "model": "qwen3",
"stream": false,
"options": {
    "temperature": 0
  },
"messages": [
    {
      "role": "system",
      "content": "/no_think\n"
    },
    {
      "role": "user",
      "content": "使用python计算 0.9111**3="
    },
    {
      "role": "assistant",
      "content": ""
    },
    {
      "role": "tool",
      "content": "0.756307034631\n"
    }
  ],
"tools": [
    {
      "type": "function",
      "function": {
        "name": "current_time",
        "description": "A tool for getting the current time.",
        "parameters": {
          "properties": {},
          "required": [],
          "type": "object"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "function",
      "function": {
        "name": "simple_code",
        "description": "A tool for running code and getting the result back. Only native packages are allowed, network/IO operations are disabled. and you must use print() or console.log() to output the result or result will be empty.",
        "parameters": {
          "properties": {
            "code": {
              "description": "code to be executed, only native packages are allowed, network/IO operations are disabled.",
              "type": "string"
            },
            "language": {
              "description": "language of the code, only \"python3\" and \"javascript\" are supported",
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "required": ["language", "code"],
          "type": "object"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

最终响应

复制代码

{
  "model": "qwen3",
"created_at": "2025-05-05T16:57:37.121945Z",
"message": {
    "role": "assistant",
    "content": "<think>\n\n</think>\n\n0.9111 raised to the power of 3 is approximately **0.7563**."
  },
"done_reason": "stop",
"done": true,
"total_duration": 1030672292,
"load_duration": 11999667,
"prompt_eval_count": 303,
"prompt_eval_duration": 122764292,
"eval_count": 29,
"eval_duration": 892274041
}