单片机串口实验

单片机：STM32F407

开发板：DMF407电机开发板

平台：keil V5.31

HSE 为8MHZ

HSI为16MHZ

原理图：

串口工具：

主函数：

复制代码

uint8_t g_usart_tx_buf[8];
int main(void)
{
    uint8_t len;
    uint16_t times = 0;
    
    HAL_Init();                             /* 初始化HAL库 */
    sys_stm32_clock_init(336, 8, 2, 7);     /* 设置时钟,168Mhz */
    delay_init(168);                        /* 延时初始化 */
    usart_init(115200);                     /* 串口初始化为115200 */
    led_init();                             /* 初始化LED */

    while(1)
    {
				g_usart_tx_buf[0]=1;
				g_usart_tx_buf[1]=2;
				g_usart_tx_buf[2]=3;
				g_usart_tx_buf[3]=4;		
				g_usart_tx_buf[4]=5;
				g_usart_tx_buf[5]=6;
				g_usart_tx_buf[6]=7;
				g_usart_tx_buf[7]=8;				
				
			 HAL_UART_Transmit(&g_uart1_handle, (uint8_t*)g_usart_tx_buf, 8, 1000);    /*发送接收到的数据*/
       while(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&g_uart1_handle, UART_FLAG_TC) != SET);           /*等待发送结束*/
			delay_ms(500);
    }
}

串口配置：

复制代码

#define USART_TX_GPIO_PORT              GPIOD
#define USART_TX_GPIO_PIN               GPIO_PIN_2
#define USART_TX_GPIO_AF                GPIO_AF8_UART5
#define USART_TX_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE()      do{ __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE(); }while(0)   /* 发送引脚时钟使能 */

#define USART_RX_GPIO_PORT              GPIOC
#define USART_RX_GPIO_PIN               GPIO_PIN_12
#define USART_RX_GPIO_AF                GPIO_AF8_UART5
#define USART_RX_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE()      do{ __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE(); }while(0)   /* 接收引脚时钟使能 */

#define USART_UX                        UART5
#define USART_UX_IRQn                   UART5_IRQn
#define USART_UX_IRQHandler             UART5_IRQHandler
#define USART_UX_CLK_ENABLE()           do{ __HAL_RCC_UART5_CLK_ENABLE(); }while(0)  /* USART1 时钟使能 */

void usart_init(uint32_t baudrate)
{
    g_uart1_handle.Instance = USART_UX;                         /* USART1 */
    g_uart1_handle.Init.BaudRate = baudrate;                    /* 波特率 */
    g_uart1_handle.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;        /* 字长为8位数据格式 */
    g_uart1_handle.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;             /* 一个停止位 */
    g_uart1_handle.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;              /* 无奇偶校验位 */
    g_uart1_handle.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;        /* 无硬件流控 */
    g_uart1_handle.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;                 /* 收发模式 */
    HAL_UART_Init(&g_uart1_handle);                             /* HAL_UART_Init()会使能UART1 */
    
    /* 该函数会开启接收中断：标志位UART_IT_RXNE，并且设置接收缓冲以及接收缓冲接收最大数据量 */
    HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&g_uart1_handle, (uint8_t *)g_rx_buffer, RXBUFFERSIZE);
}

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Init(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
  /* Check the UART handle allocation */
  if (huart == NULL)
  {
    return HAL_ERROR;
  }

  /* Check the parameters */
  if (huart->Init.HwFlowCtl != UART_HWCONTROL_NONE)
  {
    /* The hardware flow control is available only for USART1, USART2, USART3 and USART6.
       Except for STM32F446xx devices, that is available for USART1, USART2, USART3, USART6, UART4 and UART5.
    */
    assert_param(IS_UART_HWFLOW_INSTANCE(huart->Instance));
    assert_param(IS_UART_HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL(huart->Init.HwFlowCtl));
  }
  else
  {
    assert_param(IS_UART_INSTANCE(huart->Instance));
  }
  assert_param(IS_UART_WORD_LENGTH(huart->Init.WordLength));
  assert_param(IS_UART_OVERSAMPLING(huart->Init.OverSampling));

  if (huart->gState == HAL_UART_STATE_RESET)
  {
    /* Allocate lock resource and initialize it */
    huart->Lock = HAL_UNLOCKED;

#if (USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
    UART_InitCallbacksToDefault(huart);

    if (huart->MspInitCallback == NULL)
    {
      huart->MspInitCallback = HAL_UART_MspInit;
    }

    /* Init the low level hardware */
    huart->MspInitCallback(huart);
#else
    /* Init the low level hardware : GPIO, CLOCK */
    HAL_UART_MspInit(huart);
#endif /* (USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS) */
  }

  huart->gState = HAL_UART_STATE_BUSY;

  /* Disable the peripheral */
  __HAL_UART_DISABLE(huart);

  /* Set the UART Communication parameters */
  UART_SetConfig(huart);

  /* In asynchronous mode, the following bits must be kept cleared:
     - LINEN and CLKEN bits in the USART_CR2 register,
     - SCEN, HDSEL and IREN  bits in the USART_CR3 register.*/
  CLEAR_BIT(huart->Instance->CR2, (USART_CR2_LINEN | USART_CR2_CLKEN));
  CLEAR_BIT(huart->Instance->CR3, (USART_CR3_SCEN | USART_CR3_HDSEL | USART_CR3_IREN));

  /* Enable the peripheral */
  __HAL_UART_ENABLE(huart);

  /* Initialize the UART state */
  huart->ErrorCode = HAL_UART_ERROR_NONE;
  huart->gState = HAL_UART_STATE_READY;
  huart->RxState = HAL_UART_STATE_READY;

  return HAL_OK;
}

void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
    GPIO_InitTypeDef gpio_init_struct;
    if(huart->Instance == USART_UX)                               /* 如果是串口1，进行串口1 MSP初始化 */
    {
        USART_UX_CLK_ENABLE();                                  /* USART1 时钟使能 */
        USART_TX_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE();                             /* 发送引脚时钟使能 */
        USART_RX_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE();                             /* 接收引脚时钟使能 */
        
        gpio_init_struct.Pin = USART_TX_GPIO_PIN;               /* TX引脚 */
        gpio_init_struct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;                /* 复用推挽输出 */
        gpio_init_struct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;                    /* 上拉 */
        gpio_init_struct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;          /* 高速 */
        gpio_init_struct.Alternate = USART_TX_GPIO_AF;          /* 复用为USART1 */
        HAL_GPIO_Init(USART_TX_GPIO_PORT, &gpio_init_struct);   /* 初始化发送引脚 */

        gpio_init_struct.Pin = USART_RX_GPIO_PIN;               /* RX引脚 */
        gpio_init_struct.Alternate = USART_RX_GPIO_AF;          /* 复用为USART1 */
        HAL_GPIO_Init(USART_RX_GPIO_PORT, &gpio_init_struct);   /* 初始化接收引脚 */

#if USART_EN_RX
        HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART_UX_IRQn);                      /* 使能USART1中断通道 */
        HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART_UX_IRQn, 3, 3);              /* 抢占优先级3，子优先级3 */
#endif
    }
}

测试结果：

貌似数据移位了。

用另外一个串口工具测试：

测试结果：

两个串口工具的测试结果是一样的。

将串口工具接收脚接到TPT3232E的pin11，接收到的数据正常：