从机器翻译到智驾：规则派的黄昏与数据革命的终局 （七）

让我们把时间拨回到规则派的鼎盛时期。

SysTran的语言学家们手写了十几万条语法规则，连"一石二鸟"这种习语都要单独标注------不能逐字翻译，必须特殊处理。他们以为，只要规则足够多，机器就能理解人类语言。

结果呢？

2000年，有个用户把中文"心有余而力不足"输进去，系统硬译成了："心脏有剩余力量，但肌肉不够。"

全场笑翻。

更经典的案例还在后面。那句中文谚语"酒是好的，肉变质了"------原文想说的是"心有余而力不足"，规则派系统却逐字处理，翻出了这句驴唇不对马嘴的"杰作"。

问题出在哪？规则根本覆盖不了自然语言的模糊性和例外。

你写一万条规则，总会有第一万零一个例外。你标注了"一石二鸟"，下个月就会遇到"一箭双雕"。语言是活的，规则是死的，死的东西装不下活的世界。

谷歌当时走了一步险棋。

他们扔掉所有手写规则，拿加拿大议会二十年的双语会议记录当教材。统计模型不理解什么是虚拟语气，也不知道成语的典故，它只是做一件事：数哪个英文词经常和哪个中文词成对出现，哪个短语的语序调整概率最高。

2005年的测评里，统计翻译把"和平共处五项原则"译成了"Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence"。

而SysTran抠着词典翻出来的是："Five Rules for Living Together Peacefully"。

前者准确、规范、一眼就能看懂。后者......"一起生活的五条规则"？这翻的是居委会告示吗？

语言学家骂统计翻译是"概率拼凑"，是"没有灵魂的翻译"。可用户不管这些。能看懂的翻译就是好翻译。谷歌翻译的用户量在几年内翻了上百倍，SysTran则在2016年彻底停止了规则库更新。

规则派的黄昏，不是因为规则错了，而是因为人类终于承认：我们制定的规则，装不下世界的复杂。

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