FastAPI 全栈后端（七）：测试与自动化

放下华子我只抽RuiKe52026-06-15 8:41

创作者： Yardon | GitHub： github.com/YardonYan | 版本： v1.0 |

测试框架 pytest

bash 复制代码

pip install pytest pytest-asyncio httpx

python 复制代码

# test_main.py
def test_root():
    assert True

def test_add():
    assert 1 + 1 == 2

bash 复制代码

pytest test_main.py -v

FastAPI TestClient

python 复制代码

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from main import app

client = TestClient(app)

def test_login_success():
    response = client.post(
        "/api/v1/auth/token",
        data={"username": "yardon", "password": "secret123"},
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert "access_token" in response.json()

def test_login_wrong_password():
    response = client.post(
        "/api/v1/auth/token",
        data={"username": "yardon", "password": "wrong"},
    )
    assert response.status_code == 401

TestClient 让同步测试不需要启动真实服务器，响应速度极快。

异步测试

python 复制代码

import pytest
from httpx import AsyncClient, ASGITransport
from main import app

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_list_users():
    transport = ASGITransport(app=app)
    async with AsyncClient(transport=transport, base_url="http://test") as ac:
        response = await ac.get("/api/v1/users")
    assert response.status_code == 200

Fixture 与依赖覆盖

python 复制代码

from pytest import fixture
from main import app
from db import get_db, override_get_db

@fixture
def test_db():
    # 创建测试数据库
    Base.metadata.create_all(bind=test_engine)
    yield
    Base.metadata.drop_all(bind=test_engine)

def test_with_db(test_db):
    app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_get_db
    # 测试结束后清理
    app.dependency_overrides.clear()

本章小结

pytest + TestClient 是 FastAPI 测试的核心组合。记住：用 fixture 管理测试数据，用 override_get_db 隔离数据库测试。

📌 创作者： Yardon | 🏠 个人网站： GlimmerAI.top

📖 本章是「FastAPI 全栈后端 」系列的第 7 章。下一章：部署与运维

🌟 欢迎大家来观看！