分布式链路追踪系统之二进制安装skywalking

Linux-18742026-07-21 22:09

skywalking架构

skywalking服务端主要由前端的skywalking-ui、和后端的skywalking-oap两大组件组成；其工作流程大致是各agent通过grpc或http协议将指标数据发送给skywalking服务端即skywalking-oap；服务端将收到的指标数据存储第三方存储系统，如es，mysql等；通过前端skywalking-ui来展示对应的监控指标数据；

  • skywalking-ui: 前端服务,端口号8080。
  • skywalking-oap(Observability Analysis Platform)：可观测性分析平台,11800为gRPC数据端口，12800为http数据端口。
  • es：9200为elasticsearch的数据读写端口，目前skywalking支持的存储有elasticsearch、h2、mysql、tidb、influxdb、postgresql等。
  • agent: app服务器部署skywalking agent，用于收集app中的访问请求。

部署elasticsearch

调整内核参数

bash 复制代码 
root@skywalking-es-server:~# tail -2 /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.max_map_count=262144
root@skywalking-es-server:~# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.max_map_count = 262144
root@skywalking-es-server:~# cat /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count
262144
root@skywalking-es-server:~# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
1
root@skywalking-es-server:~#

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1表示开启ipv4转发；vm.max_map_count参数用来定义每个进程可拥有的虚拟内存区域（Virtual Memory Area, VMA）的最大数量。这个内核参数默认是65530，一般大型java应用推荐设置为>=262144；Kafka/Cassandra >= 131072;ClickHouse >= 131072;Elasticsearch = 262144;

上传elasticsearch deb包到服务器

bash 复制代码 
root@skywalking-es-server:~# rz
rz waiting to receive.
 zmodem trl+C ȡ

  100%  567155 KB 25779 KB/s 00:00:22       0 Errors64.deb...

root@skywalking-es-server:~# ls
elasticsearch-8.5.1-amd64.deb
root@skywalking-es-server:~# mv elasticsearch-8.5.1-amd64.deb /usr/local/src/
root@skywalking-es-server:~# cd /usr/local/src/
root@skywalking-es-server:/usr/local/src# ls
elasticsearch-8.5.1-amd64.deb

安装elasticsearch

bash 复制代码 
root@skywalking-es-server:/usr/local/src# ls
elasticsearch-8.5.1-amd64.deb
root@skywalking-es-server:/usr/local/src# dpkg -i elasticsearch-8.5.1-amd64.deb 
Selecting previously unselected package elasticsearch.
(Reading database ... 65695 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack elasticsearch-8.5.1-amd64.deb ...
Creating elasticsearch group... OK
Creating elasticsearch user... OK
Unpacking elasticsearch (8.5.1) ...
Setting up elasticsearch (8.5.1) ...
--------------------------- Security autoconfiguration information ------------------------------

Authentication and authorization are enabled.
TLS for the transport and HTTP layers is enabled and configured.

The generated password for the elastic built-in superuser is : XXtjREgVek*MIN9mFNKB

If this node should join an existing cluster, you can reconfigure this with
'/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-reconfigure-node --enrollment-token <token-here>'
after creating an enrollment token on your existing cluster.

You can complete the following actions at any time:

Reset the password of the elastic built-in superuser with 
'/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-reset-password -u elastic'.

Generate an enrollment token for Kibana instances with 
 '/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-create-enrollment-token -s kibana'.

Generate an enrollment token for Elasticsearch nodes with 
'/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-create-enrollment-token -s node'.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
### NOT starting on installation, please execute the following statements to configure elasticsearch service to start automatically using systemd
 sudo systemctl daemon-reload
 sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch.service
### You can start elasticsearch service by executing
 sudo systemctl start elasticsearch.service
root@skywalking-es-server:/usr/local/src#

配置elasticsearch

bash 复制代码 
root@skywalking-es-server:/usr/local/src# grep -v "#" /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml | grep -v "^$"
cluster.name: es1
node.name: node1
path.data: /var/lib/elasticsearch
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
network.host: 192.168.112.71
http.port: 9200
discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.112.71", ]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["192.168.112.71", ]
xpack.security.enabled: false
xpack.security.enrollment.enabled: false
xpack.security.http.ssl:
  enabled: false
  keystore.path: certs/http.p12
xpack.security.transport.ssl:
  enabled: false
  verification_mode: certificate
  keystore.path: certs/transport.p12
  truststore.path: certs/transport.p12
http.host: 0.0.0.0
root@skywalking-es-server:/usr/local/src#

如果是单机模式按照上述配置即可，对应IP地址就是服务器IP地址；集群部署和配置请参考本人博客https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/13758006.html；

启动elasticsearch

bash 复制代码 
root@skywalking-es-server:/usr/local/src# systemctl daemon-reload
root@skywalking-es-server:/usr/local/src# systemctl start elasticsearch
root@skywalking-es-server:/usr/local/src# systemctl enable elasticsearch
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/elasticsearch.service → /lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service
root@skywalking-es-server:/usr/local/src# systemctl status elasticsearch
● elasticsearch.service - Elasticsearch
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Mon 2026-07-20 14:17:02 UTC; 5min ago
       Docs: https://www.elastic.co
   Main PID: 103849 (java)
      Tasks: 87 (limit: 4534)
     Memory: 2.4G
        CPU: 40.076s
     CGroup: /system.slice/elasticsearch.service
             ├─103849 /usr/share/elasticsearch/jdk/bin/java -Xms4m -Xmx64m -XX:+UseSerialGC -Dcli.name=server -Dcli.script=/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch -Dcli
.libs=lib/tools/server-cli -Des.path.home=/usr/share/elasticsearch -Des.path.conf=/etc/elasticsearch -Des.distribution.type=deb -cp "/usr/share/elasticsearch/lib/*:/usr/sh
are/elasticsearch/lib/cli-launcher/*" org.elasticsearch.launcher.CliToolLauncher -p /var/run/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.pid --quiet
             ├─103917 /usr/share/elasticsearch/jdk/bin/java -Des.networkaddress.cache.ttl=60 -Des.networkaddress.cache.negative.ttl=10 -Djava.security.manager=allow -XX:+A
lwaysPreTouch -Xss1m -Djava.awt.headless=true -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Djna.nosys=true -XX:-OmitStackTraceInFastThrow -Dio.netty.noUnsafe=true -Dio.netty.noKeySetOptimizatio
n=true -Dio.netty.recycler.maxCapacityPerThread=0 -Dlog4j.shutdownHookEnabled=false -Dlog4j2.disable.jmx=true -Dlog4j2.formatMsgNoLookups=true -Djava.locale.providers=SPI,
COMPAT --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED -XX:+UseG1GC -Djava.io.tmpdir=/tmp/elasticsearch-6403631656827745021 -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:+ExitOnOutOfMemor
yError -XX:HeapDumpPath=/var/lib/elasticsearch -XX:ErrorFile=/var/log/elasticsearch/hs_err_pid%p.log "-Xlog:gc*,gc+age=trace,safepoint:file=/var/log/elasticsearch/gc.log:u
tctime,pid,tags:filecount=32,filesize=64m" -Xms1944m -Xmx1944m -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=1019215872 -XX:G1HeapRegionSize=4m -XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=30 -XX:G1Reser
vePercent=15 -Des.distribution.type=deb --module-path /usr/share/elasticsearch/lib --add-modules=jdk.net -m org.elasticsearch.server/org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsea
rch
             └─103950 /usr/share/elasticsearch/modules/x-pack-ml/platform/linux-x86_64/bin/controller

Jul 20 14:16:49 skywalking-es-server.ilinux.io systemd[1]: Starting Elasticsearch...
Jul 20 14:17:02 skywalking-es-server.ilinux.io systemd[1]: Started Elasticsearch.
root@skywalking-es-server:/usr/local/src# ss -tnl
State              Recv-Q             Send-Q                                   Local Address:Port                         Peer Address:Port            Process             
LISTEN             0                  4096                                     127.0.0.53%lo:53                                0.0.0.0:*                                   
LISTEN             0                  128                                            0.0.0.0:22                                0.0.0.0:*                                   
LISTEN             0                  4096                                                 *:9200                                    *:*                                   
LISTEN             0                  4096                           [::ffff:192.168.112.71]:9300                                    *:*                                   
root@skywalking-es-server:/usr/local/src#

能够看到9200端口正常监听说明es启动成功；

部署skywalking

准备java环境

bash 复制代码 
root@skywalking-server:~# apt install openjdk-11-jdk -y

验证java版本信息

bash 复制代码 
root@skywalking-server:~# java --version
openjdk 11.0.31 2026-04-21
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.31+11-post-1ubuntu1-22.04.2-Ubuntu)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.31+11-post-1ubuntu1-22.04.2-Ubuntu, mixed mode, sharing)
root@skywalking-server:~#

能够使用java --version命令能够正常看到jdk对应版本信息即表示对应版本的javajdk安装成功；

上传skywalking 二进制包到服务器

bash 复制代码 
root@skywalking-server:~# cd /usr/local/src/
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src# rz
rz waiting to receive.
 zmodem trl+C ȡ

  100%  136193 KB 17024 KB/s 00:00:08       0 Errors.3.0.tar.gz...

root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src# ls
apache-skywalking-apm-9.3.0.tar.gz
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src#

解压skywalking二进制包

bash 复制代码 
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src# tar xf apache-skywalking-apm-9.3.0.tar.gz 
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src# ls
apache-skywalking-apm-9.3.0.tar.gz  apache-skywalking-apm-bin
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src#

软连接skywalking

bash 复制代码 
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src# ls
apache-skywalking-apm-9.3.0.tar.gz  apache-skywalking-apm-bin
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src# ln -s apache-skywalking-apm-bin skywalking
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src# ll
total 136208
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root      4096 Jul 20 14:37 ./
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root      4096 Feb 17  2023 ../
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 139461881 Aug 31  2023 apache-skywalking-apm-9.3.0.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x  9 root root      4096 Feb 17  2022 apache-skywalking-apm-bin/
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root        25 Jul 20 14:37 skywalking -> apache-skywalking-apm-bin/
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src#

配置skywalking

bash 复制代码 
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src/skywalking/config# pwd
/usr/local/src/skywalking/config
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src/skywalking/config# vim application.yml
storage:
  selector: ${SW_STORAGE:elasticsearch}
  elasticsearch:
    namespace: ${SW_NAMESPACE:""}
    clusterNodes: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES:192.168.112.71:9200}

打开skywalking/config目录下application.yml配置文件，找到storage配置段，配置使用es作为存储，并在es段里配置对应es集群的地址（单个es就填写对应服务器的地址即可）；

编写skywalking.service文件

bash 复制代码 
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src/skywalking/config# cat /etc/systemd/system/skywalking.service
[Unit]
Description=ApacheSkywalking
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=oneshot
User=root
WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/src/skywalking/bin/
ExecStart=/bin/bash  /usr/local/src/skywalking/bin/startup.sh
RemainAfterExit=yes
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src/skywalking/config#

使用上述service文件需要注意修改自己环境程序对应pash路径

启动skywalking

bash 复制代码 
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src/skywalking/config# systemctl daemon-reload
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src/skywalking/config# systemctl start skywalking  
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src/skywalking/config# systemctl enable skywalking
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/skywalking.service → /etc/systemd/system/skywalking.service.
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src/skywalking/config# ss -tnl
State               Recv-Q              Send-Q                           Local Address:Port                            Peer Address:Port              Process              
LISTEN              0                   4096                             127.0.0.53%lo:53                                   0.0.0.0:*                                      
LISTEN              0                   128                                    0.0.0.0:22                                   0.0.0.0:*                                      
LISTEN              0                   4096                                         *:8080                                       *:*                                      
LISTEN              0                   4096                                         *:11800                                      *:*                                      
LISTEN              0                   4096                                         *:12800                                      *:*                                      
root@skywalking-server:/usr/local/src/skywalking/config#

能够看到8080、11800和12800这三个端口处监听状态，说明skywalking服务端部署成功；

验证skywalking web界面

用浏览器访问skywalking服务器的8080端口，如果能够正常访问，说明skywalking服务器部署成功；

验证elasticsearch 数据

用浏览器访问es服务器的9200端口，如果能够正常访问并返回相应信息，说明es服务器部署成功；到此二进制部署skywalking服务就完成了；

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