磁盘满、只读挂载、扩容后系统看不见空间，步骤要固定：分区 → 文件系统 → fstab/挂载 → 监控 inode 与只读原因。
源码锚点
| 路径 / 手册 | 作用 |
|---|---|
man fdisk man parted |
分区 |
man mkfs man fsck |
造/检文件系统 |
man mount man findmnt |
挂载命名空间视图 |
/etc/fstab |
持久挂载 |
man lsblk |
块设备拓扑 |
调用链
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分区表
文件系统
mount
应用写数据
df/inode 监控
重点知识
bash
lsblk -f
findmnt
df -hT
df -i
mount | column -tfstab
用 UUID/PARTUUID，避免设备名漂移：
bash
blkid
# UUID=... /data ext4 defaults,noatime 0 2扩容思路
虚拟盘先在平台扩容 → partprobe/growpart → resize2fs/xfs_growfs。XFS 通常不能在线缩减。
只读与只读根
dmesg 寻 I/O error；嵌入式只读根把可写点放到 data 分区。mount -o remount,rw 只是权宜。