LeetCode //C - 19. Remove Nth Node From End of List

19. Remove Nth Node From End of List

Given the head of a linked list, remove the n t h n^{th} nth node from the end of the list and return its head.

Example 1:

Input: head = 1,2,3,4,5, n = 2
Output: 1,2,3,5

Example 2:

Input: head = 1, n = 1
Output: \[\]

Example 3:

Input: head = 1,2, n = 1
Output: 1

Constraints:

• The number of nodes in the list is sz.
• 1 <= sz <= 30
• 0 <= Node.val <= 100
• 1 <= n <= sz

From: LeetCode

Link: 19. Remove Nth Node From End of List

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Solution:

Ideas：

Key Concepts:

1. Two-Pointer Technique: We use two pointers that initially point to the head of the list.
2. Dummy Node: A dummy node is used to handle edge cases more easily, like when the head node itself needs to be removed.

Algorithm:

1. Create a Dummy Node: A dummy node is created and set to point to the head of the list. This simplifies the code for edge cases.

2. Initialize Two Pointers: Both first and second pointers are initialized to point to the dummy node.

3. Advance the First Pointer: The first pointer is advanced n+1 steps from the beginning. This creates a gap of n nodes between first and second.

4. Move Both Pointers: Both first and second pointers are moved one step at a time until first reaches the end of the list. The gap of n nodes is maintained between first and second.

5. Remove Node: At this point, second will be pointing to the node immediately before the node that needs to be removed. We remove the n-th node from the end.

6. Return New Head: The new head of the list is returned after freeing the dummy node.

Code:

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     struct ListNode *next;
 * };
 */
struct ListNode* removeNthFromEnd(struct ListNode* head, int n) {
  struct ListNode *dummy = malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
  dummy->val = 0;
  dummy->next = head;
  
  struct ListNode *first = dummy;
  struct ListNode *second = dummy;
  
  // Advance first pointer by n+1 steps from the beginning,
  // so the gap between first and second is n nodes apart
  for (int i = 1; i <= n + 1; i++) {
    first = first->next;
  }
  
  // Move first to the end, maintaining the gap
  while (first != NULL) {
    first = first->next;
    second = second->next;
  }
  
  // Remove the n-th node from the end
  struct ListNode *temp = second->next;
  second->next = second->next->next;
  free(temp);
  
  // Return new head node
  struct ListNode *newHead = dummy->next;
  free(dummy);
  
  return newHead;
}