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关于Group、Version、Resource
- 开篇先提重点:Group、Version、Resource十分重要,它们会贯穿《client-go实战》、《kubebuilder实战》、《Kubernetes官方java客户端》等系列文章的始终;
- Kubernetes是以资源为中心的系统,在学习client-go时,Group、Version、Resource等资源相关的数据结构就显得格外重要了,下图来自郑老师《Kubernetes源码剖析》一文,将三者关系做了简洁清晰的介绍:
环境信息
- 开始学习前先交待一下我这边的环境信息,以避免因为版本引起的误会:
- kubernetes源码:1.20.3-rc.0
- 实战环境的操作系统:CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009
- 实战环境的kubernetes:1.20.0
- 接下来开始学习Group、Version、Resource吧
Group
- Group即资源组,在kubernetes对资源进行分组时,对应的数据结构就是Group,源码路径:k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1/types.go ,如下,可见Group有自己的名称和版本:
go
type APIGroup struct {
TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
Name string `json:"name" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name"`
Versions []GroupVersionForDiscovery `json:"versions" protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=versions"`
PreferredVersion GroupVersionForDiscovery `json:"preferredVersion,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=preferredVersion"`
ServerAddressByClientCIDRs []ServerAddressByClientCIDR `json:"serverAddressByClientCIDRs,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=serverAddressByClientCIDRs"`
}
- 在kubernetes中有两种资源组:有组名资源组和无组名资源组(也叫核心资源组Core Groups),它们都很常见;
- deployment有组名,pod没有组名,咱们把它俩的OpenAPI放在一起对比就一目了然了:
Version
- Version即版本,这个好理解,kubernetes的版本分为三种:
- Alpha:内部测试版本,如v1alpha1
- Beta:经历了官方和社区测试的相对稳定版,如v1beta1
- Stable:正式发布版,如v1、v2
- 如下图红框,资源组batch之下有v1和v2alpha1两个版本,每个版本下都有多个资源:
- 数据结构源码还是在types.go文件中,如下:
go
type APIVersions struct {
TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
Versions []string `json:"versions" protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=versions"`
ServerAddressByClientCIDRs []ServerAddressByClientCIDR `json:"serverAddressByClientCIDRs" protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=serverAddressByClientCIDRs"`
}
Resource
- Resource资源在kubernetes中的重要性是不言而喻的,常见的pod、service、deployment这些都是资源,下面是关于资源的一些小结:
- 在kubernetes环境被实例化的资源即资源对象(ResourceObject);
- 资源被分为持久性(Persistent Entity)和非持久性(Ephemeral Entity),持久性如deployment,创建后会在etcd保存,非持久性如pod;
- 资源的源码:
go
type APIResource struct {
Name string `json:"name" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name"`
SingularName string `json:"singularName" protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=singularName"`
Namespaced bool `json:"namespaced" protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=namespaced"`
Group string `json:"group,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=group"`
Version string `json:"version,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,9,opt,name=version"`
Kind string `json:"kind" protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=kind"`
Verbs Verbs `json:"verbs" protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=verbs"`
ShortNames []string `json:"shortNames,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=shortNames"`
Categories []string `json:"categories,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=categories"`
StorageVersionHash string `json:"storageVersionHash,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=storageVersionHash"`
}
- kubernetes为资源准备了8种操作:create、delete、deletecollection、get、list、patch、update、watch,每一种资源都支持其中的一部分,这在每个资源的API文档中可以看到;
- 资源支持以命名空间(namespace)进行隔离;
- 资源对象描述文件在日常操作中频繁用到,一共由五部分组成:apiVersion、kind、metadata、spec、status,下图是官方的deployment描述文件,用于创建3个nginx pod,对着红框和文字就了解每个部分的作用了:
- 上图并没有status,该部分是用来反应当前资源对象状态的,体现在资源的数据结构中,如下所示:
go
type Deployment struct {
metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
metav1.ObjectMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata"`
Spec DeploymentSpec `json:"spec,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=spec"`
Status DeploymentStatus `json:"status,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=status"`
}
官方文档速查
- 在实际学习和开发中,对指定资源做增删改查操作时,官方文档是我们最可靠的依赖,地址:kubernetes.io/docs/refere...
- 打开deployment的文档,如下图:
- 另外还有API文档也是必不可少的,遗憾的是目前没有找到1.20的API在线文档,最新的是1.19版本,地址:v1-19.docs.kubernetes.io/docs/refere...
- 下图是deployment的api接口文档,可见示例、path、请求响应参数都有详细的说明,对咱们的学习和开发提供了强有力的支持:
APIResources数据结构
- APIResource是个常用的数据结构了,可以用来描述资源,例如resource_quota_controller_test.go中有对其的使用:
go
func TestDiscoverySync(t *testing.T) {
serverResources := []*metav1.APIResourceList{
{
GroupVersion: "v1",
APIResources: []metav1.APIResource{
{Name: "pods", Namespaced: true, Kind: "Pod", Verbs: metav1.Verbs{"create", "delete", "list", "watch"}},
},
},
}
unsyncableServerResources := []*metav1.APIResourceList{
{
GroupVersion: "v1",
APIResources: []metav1.APIResource{
{Name: "pods", Namespaced: true, Kind: "Pod", Verbs: metav1.Verbs{"create", "delete", "list", "watch"}},
{Name: "secrets", Namespaced: true, Kind: "Secret", Verbs: metav1.Verbs{"create", "delete", "list", "watch"}},
},
},
}
实际操作
- 聊了这么久理论,接下来咱们在kubernetes环境执行一些和资源有关的操作;
- 查看所有资源kubectl api-resources -o wide,可见当前环境的所有资源,及其相关属性:
shell
[root@kubebuilder 07]# kubectl api-resources -o wide
NAME SHORTNAMES APIVERSION NAMESPACED KIND VERBS
bindings v1 true Binding [create]
componentstatuses cs v1 false ComponentStatus [get list]
configmaps cm v1 true ConfigMap [create delete deletecollection get list patch update watch]
endpoints ep v1 true Endpoints [create delete deletecollection get list patch update watch]
events ev v1 true Event [create delete deletecollection get list patch update watch]
limitranges limits v1 true LimitRange [create delete deletecollection get list patch update watch]
namespaces ns v1 false Namespace [create delete get list patch update watch]
...
- 只看apps这个group下面的资源kubectl api-resources --api-group apps -o wide:
shell
[root@kubebuilder 07]# kubectl api-resources --api-group apps -o wide
NAME SHORTNAMES APIVERSION NAMESPACED KIND VERBS
controllerrevisions apps/v1 true ControllerRevision [create delete deletecollection get list patch update watch]
daemonsets ds apps/v1 true DaemonSet [create delete deletecollection get list patch update watch]
deployments deploy apps/v1 true Deployment [create delete deletecollection get list patch update watch]
replicasets rs apps/v1 true ReplicaSet [create delete deletecollection get list patch update watch]
statefulsets sts apps/v1 true StatefulSet [create delete deletecollection get list patch update watch]
- 查看指定资源的详情kubectl explain configmap:
shell
[root@kubebuilder 07]# kubectl explain configmap
KIND: ConfigMap
VERSION: v1
DESCRIPTION:
ConfigMap holds configuration data for pods to consume.
FIELDS:
apiVersion <string>
APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation of an
object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest internal
value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info:
https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources
binaryData <map[string]string>
...
- 查看所有Group和Version的命令kubectl api-versions
shell
[root@kubebuilder 07]# kubectl api-versions
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apps/v1
authentication.k8s.io/v1
authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1
authorization.k8s.io/v1
authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
autoscaling/v1
autoscaling/v2beta1
autoscaling/v2beta2
batch/v1
batch/v1beta1
certificates.k8s.io/v1
certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1
coordination.k8s.io/v1
coordination.k8s.io/v1beta1
discovery.k8s.io/v1beta1
events.k8s.io/v1
events.k8s.io/v1beta1
extensions/v1beta1
flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta1
networking.k8s.io/v1
networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
node.k8s.io/v1
node.k8s.io/v1beta1
policy/v1beta1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
scheduling.k8s.io/v1
scheduling.k8s.io/v1beta1
storage.k8s.io/v1
storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
v1
webapp.com.bolingcavalry/v1
- 以上就是个人对Group、Version、Resource的理解和整理,在后面的client-go和kubebuilder学习过程中也会频繁用到这些基础知识,希望能给您带来一些参考;