STM32HAL-完全解耦面向对象思维的架构-时间轮片法使用（timeslice）

Ch_champion2023-11-04 10:34

目录

概述

一、开发环境

二、STM32CubeMx配置

三、编码

四、运行结果

五、代码解释

六、总结

概述

timeslice是一个时间片轮询框架，完全解耦的时间片轮询框架，非常适合裸机单片机引用。接下来将该框架移植到stm32单片机运行，单片机只需用1个定时器作为时钟即可。

友情链接（项目示例）：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_36075612/88498232

一、开发环境

1、硬件平台

STM32F401CEU6

内部Flash : 512Kbytes，SARM : 96 Kbytes

二、STM32CubeMx配置

2.1、系统时钟配置

2.2、下载调试配置

2.3、TIM配置（1ms中断）

2.4、usart1配置

2.5、生成代码

2.6、编译工程

三、编码

1、usart.c添加打印

cpp 复制代码 
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
#include "stdio.h"
#ifdef __GNUC__
  /* With GCC/RAISONANCE, small printf (option LD Linker->Libraries->Small printf
     set to 'Yes') calls __io_putchar() */
  #define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int __io_putchar(int ch)
#else
  #define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
#endif /* __GNUC__ */
/**
  * @brief  Retargets the C library printf function to the USART.
  * @param  None
  * @retval None
  */
PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE
{
  /* Place your implementation of fputc here */
  /* e.g. write a character to the EVAL_COM1 and Loop until the end of transmission */
  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0xFFFF);
 
  return ch;
}
 
int fgetc(FILE * f)
{
  uint8_t ch = 0;
  HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0xffff);
  return ch;
}

/* USER CODE END 1 */

2、tim1.c

cpp 复制代码 
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    tim.c
  * @brief   This file provides code for the configuration
  *          of the TIM instances.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "tim.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

TIM_HandleTypeDef htim1;

/* TIM1 init function */
void MX_TIM1_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_Init 0 */

  TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_Init 1 */
  htim1.Instance = TIM1;
  htim1.Init.Prescaler = 84-1;
  htim1.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim1.Init.Period = 1000-1;
  htim1.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim1.Init.RepetitionCounter = 0;
  htim1.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
  if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim1, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim1, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_Init 2 */

}

void HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* tim_baseHandle)
{

  if(tim_baseHandle->Instance==TIM1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_MspInit 0 */
    /* TIM1 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_TIM1_CLK_ENABLE();

    /* TIM1 interrupt Init */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn, 0, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_MspInit 1 */
  }
}

void HAL_TIM_Base_MspDeInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* tim_baseHandle)
{

  if(tim_baseHandle->Instance==TIM1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspDeInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_MspDeInit 0 */
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_TIM1_CLK_DISABLE();

    /* TIM1 interrupt Deinit */
    HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspDeInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_MspDeInit 1 */
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
#include "stdio.h"
int timeCount = 0;
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim){
	if(htim->Instance == TIM1){
		timeCount++;
		if(timeCount==1000){
			timeCount = 0;
			printf("time + 1s\n");
		}
	}
}

/* USER CODE END 1 */

3、在根目录创建timeslice文件夹，分别有list.c、list.h、thread_demo.c、thread_demo.h、timeslice.c、timeslice.h文件组成

1）、list.c

cpp 复制代码 
#include "list.h"

void list_init(ListObj* list)
{
    list->next = list->prev = list;
}

void list_insert_after(ListObj* list, ListObj* node)
{
    list->next->prev = node;
    node->next = list->next;

    list->next = node;
    node->prev = list;
}

void list_insert_before(ListObj* list, ListObj* node)
{
    list->prev->next = node;
    node->prev = list->prev;

    list->prev = node;
    node->next = list;
}

void list_remove(ListObj* node)
{
    node->next->prev = node->prev;
    node->prev->next = node->next;

    node->next = node->prev = node;
}

int list_isempty(const ListObj* list)
{
    return list->next == list;
}

unsigned int list_len(const ListObj* list)
{
    unsigned int len = 0;
    const ListObj* p = list;
    while (p->next != list)
    {
        p = p->next;
        len++;
    }

    return len;
}

2）、list.h

cpp 复制代码 
#ifndef _LIST_H
#define _LIST_H

#define offset_of(type, member)             (unsigned long) &((type*)0)->member
#define container_of(ptr, type, member)     ((type *)((char *)(ptr) - offset_of(type, member)))

typedef struct list_structure
{
    struct list_structure* next;
    struct list_structure* prev;
} ListObj;

#define LIST_HEAD_INIT(name)    {&(name), &(name)}
#define LIST_HEAD(name)         ListObj name = LIST_HEAD_INIT(name)

void list_init(ListObj* list);
void list_insert_after(ListObj* list, ListObj* node);
void list_insert_before(ListObj* list, ListObj* node);
void list_remove(ListObj* node);
int list_isempty(const ListObj* list);
unsigned int list_len(const ListObj* list);

#define list_entry(node, type, member) \
    container_of(node, type, member)

#define list_for_each(pos, head) \
    for (pos = (head)->next; pos != (head); pos = pos->next)

#define list_for_each_safe(pos, n, head) \
  for (pos = (head)->next, n = pos->next; pos != (head); \
    pos = n, n = pos->next)

#endif

3）、timeslice.c

cpp 复制代码 
#include "timeslice.h"

static LIST_HEAD(timeslice_task_list);

void timeslice_exec(void)
{
    ListObj* node;
    TimesilceTaskObj* task;

    list_for_each(node, &timeslice_task_list)
    {

        task = list_entry(node, TimesilceTaskObj, timeslice_task_list);
        if (task->is_run == TASK_RUN)
        {
            task->task_hdl();
            task->is_run = TASK_STOP;
        }
    }
}

void timeslice_tick(void)
{
    ListObj* node;
    TimesilceTaskObj* task;

    list_for_each(node, &timeslice_task_list)
    {
        task = list_entry(node, TimesilceTaskObj, timeslice_task_list);
        if (task->timer != 0)
        {
            task->timer--;
            if (task->timer == 0)
            {
                task->is_run = TASK_RUN;
                task->timer = task->timeslice_len;
            }
        }
    }
}

unsigned int timeslice_get_task_num(void)
{
    return list_len(&timeslice_task_list);
}

void timeslice_task_init(TimesilceTaskObj* obj, void (*task_hdl)(void), unsigned int id, unsigned int timeslice_len)
{
    obj->id = id;
    obj->is_run = TASK_STOP;
    obj->task_hdl = task_hdl;
    obj->timer = timeslice_len;
    obj->timeslice_len = timeslice_len;
}

void timeslice_task_add(TimesilceTaskObj* obj)
{
    list_insert_before(&timeslice_task_list, &obj->timeslice_task_list);
}

void timeslice_task_del(TimesilceTaskObj* obj)
{
    if (timeslice_task_isexist(obj))
        list_remove(&obj->timeslice_task_list);
    else
        return;
}


unsigned char timeslice_task_isexist(TimesilceTaskObj* obj)
{
    unsigned char isexist = 0;
    ListObj* node;
    TimesilceTaskObj* task;

    list_for_each(node, &timeslice_task_list)
    {
        task = list_entry(node, TimesilceTaskObj, timeslice_task_list);
        if (obj->id == task->id)
            isexist = 1;
    }

    return isexist;
}

unsigned int timeslice_get_task_timeslice_len(TimesilceTaskObj* obj)
{
    return obj->timeslice_len;
}

4）、timeslice.h

cpp 复制代码 
#ifndef _TIMESLICE_H
#define _TIMESLICE_H

#include "list.h"

typedef enum {
    TASK_STOP,
    TASK_RUN
} IsTaskRun;

typedef struct timesilce
{
    unsigned int id;
    void (*task_hdl)(void);
    IsTaskRun is_run;
    unsigned int timer;
    unsigned int timeslice_len;
    ListObj timeslice_task_list;
} TimesilceTaskObj;

void timeslice_exec(void);
void timeslice_tick(void);
void timeslice_task_init(TimesilceTaskObj* obj, void (*task_hdl)(void), unsigned int id, unsigned int timeslice_len);
void timeslice_task_add(TimesilceTaskObj* obj);
void timeslice_task_del(TimesilceTaskObj* obj);
unsigned int timeslice_get_task_timeslice_len(TimesilceTaskObj* obj);
unsigned int timeslice_get_task_num(void);
unsigned char timeslice_task_isexist(TimesilceTaskObj* obj);

#endif

5）、task_demo.c

cpp 复制代码 
#include <stdio.h>
#include "timeslice.h"
#include "gpio.h"
 
 
// 创建5个任务对象
TimesilceTaskObj task_1, task_2, task_3, task_4, task_5, task_led;
 
 
// 具体的任务函数
void task1_hdl(void)
{
    printf(">> task 1 is running ...\n");
}
 
 
void task2_hdl(void)
{
    printf(">> task 2 is running ...\n");
}
 
 
void task3_hdl(void)
{
    printf(">> task 3 is running ...\n");
}
 
 
void task4_hdl(void)
{
    printf(">> task 4 is running ...\n");
}
 
 
void task5_hdl(void)
{
    printf(">> task 5 is running ...\n");
}

void led_hd1(void)
{
	HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);
}
 
 
// 初始化任务对象，并且将任务添加到时间片轮询调度中
void task_init(void)
{
    timeslice_task_init(&task_1, task1_hdl, 1, 10);
    timeslice_task_init(&task_2, task2_hdl, 2, 20);
    timeslice_task_init(&task_3, task3_hdl, 3, 30);
    timeslice_task_init(&task_4, task4_hdl, 4, 40);
    timeslice_task_init(&task_5, task5_hdl, 5, 50);
	timeslice_task_init(&task_led, led_hd1, 6, 1000);
	
    timeslice_task_add(&task_1);
    timeslice_task_add(&task_2);
    timeslice_task_add(&task_3);
    timeslice_task_add(&task_4);
    timeslice_task_add(&task_5);
	timeslice_task_add(&task_led);
}
 
void task_run(void)
{
    task_init();
 
 
    printf(">> task num: %d\n", timeslice_get_task_num());
    printf(">> task len: %d\n", timeslice_get_task_timeslice_len(&task_3));
 
 
    timeslice_task_del(&task_2);
    printf(">> delet task 2\n");
    printf(">> task 2 is exist: %d\n", timeslice_task_isexist(&task_2));
 
 
    printf(">> task num: %d\n", timeslice_get_task_num());
 
 
    timeslice_task_del(&task_5);
    printf(">> delet task 5\n");
 
 
    printf(">> task num: %d\n", timeslice_get_task_num());
 
 
    printf(">> task 3 is exist: %d\n", timeslice_task_isexist(&task_3));
    timeslice_task_add(&task_2);
    printf(">> add task 2\n");
    printf(">> task 2 is exist: %d\n", timeslice_task_isexist(&task_2));
 
 
    timeslice_task_add(&task_5);
    printf(">> add task 5\n");
 
 
    printf(">> task num: %d\n", timeslice_get_task_num());
 
 
    printf("\n\n========timeslice running===========\n");
	
	while(1)
	{
		timeslice_exec();
	}
 
}

6）、task_demo.h

cpp 复制代码 
#ifndef _TASK_DEMO_H
#define _TASK_DEMO_H



void task_run(void);


#endif

4、main.c

cpp 复制代码 
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
#include "task_demo.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  MX_TIM1_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim1);
	printf("heihei\r\n");
	task_run();
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
  */
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE2);

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 25;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 168;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

分别添加以下6个文件：list.c、list.h、task_demo.c、task_demo.h、timeslice.c、timeslice.h。同时，把timslice目录下的.h文件包含进项目中来，如下所示：

注意：keil上需要勾选Use MicroLIB，否则CubeMX生成的串口工程无法打印问题

四、运行结果

五、代码解释

时间片轮询架构

其实该部分主要使用了面向对象的思维，使用结构体作为对象，并使用结构体指针作为参数传递，这样作可以节省资源，并且有着极高的运行效率。

其中最难的部分是侵入式链表的使用，这种链表在一些操作系统内核中使用十分广泛，这里是参考RT-Thread实时操作系统中的侵入式链表实现。

底层侵入式双向链表

该链表是linux内核中使用十分广泛，也十分经典，其原理具体可以参考文章：

https://www.cnblogs.com/skywang12345/p/3562146.html

六、总结

好了，终于介绍完毕，以后裸机开发，有了此时间片论法，如虎添翼。感谢各位同仁参阅。

参考文章：

1、单片机面向对象思维的架构：时间轮片法_strongerHuang的博客-CSDN博客

2、【嵌入式开源库】timeslice的使用，完全解耦的时间片轮询框架构-CSDN博客

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