目录
[1. 实现过程(C++)](#1. 实现过程(C++))
[2. 实现过程(Python)](#2. 实现过程(Python))
说明:
- 本系列学习笔记基于B站:古月居《ROS入门21讲》课程,且使用的Ubuntu与ROS系统版本与课程完全一致;
虚拟机版本 | Linux系统版本 | ROS系统版本 |
---|---|---|
VMware WorkStation Pro 16 | Ubuntu18.04 | Melodic |
-
课程中的所有示例代码均已跑通,且对Pyhon版本的代码也都做了运行验证,并附带验证过程(错误均已修正);
-
本节是整个笔记的第16节,对应视频课程的第18节,请自行对应学习;
-
整个系列笔记基本已经完结,但部分章节仍需润色修改 ,后面会陆续发布,请大家持续关注, 创作不易,感谢支持!
1. 实现过程(C++)
创建功能包(C++)
cd ~/catkin_ws/src
catkin_create_pkg learning_tf roscpp rospy tfturtlesim
创建tf广播器代码(C++)
cd ~/catkin_ws/src/learning_tf/src
touch turtle_tf_broadcaster.cpp
-
定义tf广播器(TransformBroadcaster);
-
创建坐标变换值;
-
发布坐标变换(sendTransform)
cpp
/**
* 该例程产生tf数据,并计算、发布turtle2的速度指令
*/
#include <ros/ros.h>
#include <tf/transform_broadcaster.h>
#include <turtlesim/Pose.h>
std::string turtle_name;
void poseCallback(const turtlesim::PoseConstPtr& msg)
{
// 创建tf的广播器
static tf::TransformBroadcaster br;
// 初始化tf数据
tf::Transform transform;
transform.setOrigin( tf::Vector3(msg->x, msg->y, 0.0) );
tf::Quaternion q;
q.setRPY(0, 0, msg->theta);
transform.setRotation(q);
// 广播world与海龟坐标系之间的tf数据
br.sendTransform(tf::StampedTransform(transform, ros::Time::now(), "world", turtle_name));
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
// 初始化ROS节点
ros::init(argc, argv, "my_tf_broadcaster");
// 输入参数作为海龟的名字
if (argc != 2)
{
ROS_ERROR("need turtle name as argument");
return -1;
}
turtle_name = argv[1];
// 订阅海龟的位姿话题
ros::NodeHandle node;
ros::Subscriber sub = node.subscribe(turtle_name+"/pose", 10, &poseCallback);
// 循环等待回调函数
ros::spin();
return 0;
};
创建tf监听器代码(C++)
cd ~/catkin_ws/src/learning_tf/src
touch turtle_tf_listener.cpp
-
定义tf监听器(TransformListener);
-
查找坐标变换(waitForTransform、lookupTransform)
cpp
/**
* 该例程监听tf数据,并计算、发布turtle2的速度指令
*/
#include <ros/ros.h>
#include <tf/transform_listener.h>
#include <geometry_msgs/Twist.h>
#include <turtlesim/Spawn.h>
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
// 初始化ROS节点
ros::init(argc, argv, "my_tf_listener");
// 创建节点句柄
ros::NodeHandle node;
// 请求产生turtle2
ros::service::waitForService("/spawn");
ros::ServiceClient add_turtle = node.serviceClient<turtlesim::Spawn>("/spawn");
turtlesim::Spawn srv;
add_turtle.call(srv);
// 创建发布turtle2速度控制指令的发布者
ros::Publisher turtle_vel = node.advertise<geometry_msgs::Twist>("/turtle2/cmd_vel", 10);
// 创建tf的监听器
tf::TransformListener listener;
ros::Rate rate(10.0);
while (node.ok())
{
// 获取turtle1与turtle2坐标系之间的tf数据
tf::StampedTransform transform;
try
{
listener.waitForTransform("/turtle2", "/turtle1", ros::Time(0), ros::Duration(3.0));
listener.lookupTransform("/turtle2", "/turtle1", ros::Time(0), transform);
}
catch (tf::TransformException &ex)
{
ROS_ERROR("%s",ex.what());
ros::Duration(1.0).sleep();
continue;
}
// 根据turtle1与turtle2坐标系之间的位置关系,发布turtle2的速度控制指令
geometry_msgs::Twist vel_msg;
vel_msg.angular.z = 4.0 * atan2(transform.getOrigin().y(),
transform.getOrigin().x());
vel_msg.linear.x = 0.5 * sqrt(pow(transform.getOrigin().x(), 2) +
pow(transform.getOrigin().y(), 2));
turtle_vel.publish(vel_msg);
rate.sleep();
}
return 0;
};
配置tf监听器与广播器代码编译规则
XML
add_executable(turtle_tf_broadcaster src/turtle_tf_broadcaster.cpp)
target_link_libraries(turtle_tf_broadcaster ${catkin_LIBRARIES})
add_executable(turtle_tf_listener src/turtle_tf_listener.cpp)
target_link_libraries(turtle_tf_listener ${catkin_LIBRARIES})
编译并运行
编译
cd ~/catkin_ws
catkin_make
source devel/setup.bash(如已配置 **.bashrc**文件,则此步不需要,配置方法在publisher的章节里)
运行
roscore
rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node
下面我们传入参数 第1个参数:因为在turtle_tf_broadcaster.cpp定义节点时使用了"my_tf_broadcaster"的名字,所以后面使用__name:=传入新的名字代 替"my_tf_broadcaster",以此来避免名字重复(ROS中的节点名字不能重复),如此就能重复跑这个程序了。
第2个参数:turtle名称 turtle1 和 turtle2。
rosrun learning_tf turtle_tf_broadcaster __name:=turtle1_tf_broadcaster /turtle1
rosrun learning_tf turtle_tf_broadcaster __name:=turtle2_tf_broadcaster /turtle2
rosrun learning_tf turtle_tf_listener
上面完成后,会有一只海龟在中心点,另一只海龟在左下方,并且左下方的海龟会跑向中间的那只海龟
打开键盘控制节点,通过键盘控制中心点那只海龟,另只海龟也会自动的跟随前面的那只海龟同步去运动
rosrun turtlesim turtle_teleop_key
2. 实现过程(Python)
创建tf广播器代码(Python)
cd ~/catkin_ws/src/learning_tf
mkdir scripts
cd scripts
touch turtle_tf_broadcaster.py
python
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 该例程将请求/show_person服务,服务数据类型learning_service::Person
import roslib
roslib.load_manifest('learning_tf')
import rospy
import tf
import turtlesim.msg
def handle_turtle_pose(msg, turtlename):
br = tf.TransformBroadcaster()
br.sendTransform((msg.x, msg.y, 0),
tf.transformations.quaternion_from_euler(0, 0, msg.theta),
rospy.Time.now(),
turtlename,
"world")
if __name__ == '__main__':
rospy.init_node('turtle_tf_broadcaster')
turtlename = rospy.get_param('~turtle')
rospy.Subscriber('/%s/pose' % turtlename,
turtlesim.msg.Pose,
handle_turtle_pose,
turtlename)
rospy.spin()
创建tf监听器代码(Python)
cd ~/catkin_ws/src/learning_tf/scripts
touch turtle_tf_listener.py
python
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 该例程将请求/show_person服务,服务数据类型learning_service::Person
import roslib
roslib.load_manifest('learning_tf')
import rospy
import math
import tf
import geometry_msgs.msg
import turtlesim.srv
if __name__ == '__main__':
rospy.init_node('turtle_tf_listener')
listener = tf.TransformListener()
rospy.wait_for_service('spawn')
spawner = rospy.ServiceProxy('spawn', turtlesim.srv.Spawn)
spawner(4, 2, 0, 'turtle2')
turtle_vel = rospy.Publisher('turtle2/cmd_vel', geometry_msgs.msg.Twist,queue_size=1)
rate = rospy.Rate(10.0)
while not rospy.is_shutdown():
try:
(trans,rot) = listener.lookupTransform('/turtle2', '/turtle1', rospy.Time(0))
except (tf.LookupException, tf.ConnectivityException, tf.ExtrapolationException):
continue
angular = 4 * math.atan2(trans[1], trans[0])
linear = 0.5 * math.sqrt(trans[0] ** 2 + trans[1] ** 2)
cmd = geometry_msgs.msg.Twist()
cmd.linear.x = linear
cmd.angular.z = angular
turtle_vel.publish(cmd)
rate.sleep()
注意:给turtle_tf_broadcaster.py 和 turtle_tf_listener.py文件赋予作为程序文件执行的权限,
点击turtle_tf_broadcaster.py文件,右键,属性,权限,勾选(允许作为程序文件执行),
turtle_tf_listener.py文件操作同上,在ROS-Melodic版本中,python文件不需要编译,直接运行即可。
运行效果
roscore
rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node
rosrun learning_tf turtle_tf_broadcaster.py __name:=turtle1_tf_broadcaster _turtle:=turtle1
rosrun learning_tf turtle_tf_broadcaster.py __name:=turtle2_tf_broadcaster _turtle:=turtle2
rosrun learning_tf turtle_tf_listener.py
rosrun turtlesim turtle_teleop_key