区别于MergeTree表引擎,ReplacingMergeTree删除重复数据时是通过相同的分区值(ORDER BY的值)
数据去重发生在后台合并数据时,后台合并数据是随机的,所以有时会有一些没处理的数据,可以通过OPTIMIZI来手动合并,官方建议不要指望它,因为OPTIMIZE会读写大量的数据(可能是会从头再合并一的原因吧)
所以,ReplacingMergeTre适用于后台去重数据来节省空间的场景,但不保证没有一个重复的(官方说的,不是我说的)
建一个表
CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster]
(
name1 [type1] [DEFAULT|MATERIALIZED|ALIAS expr1],
name2 [type2] [DEFAULT|MATERIALIZED|ALIAS expr2],
...
) ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree([ver [, is_deleted]])
[PARTITION BY expr]
[ORDER BY expr]
[PRIMARY KEY expr]
[SAMPLE BY expr]
[SETTINGS name=value, clean_deleted_rows=value, ...]
ver
可选,填入类型UInt*
, Date
, DateTime
or DateTime64
这个字段的作用是在合并时,决定要留下哪一个
*原则一:*选最新的那个,ver没设置时,替换为最新插入的那一行
*原则二:*选最大的那个,ver设置时,选择设置值中最大的那一行
例子
-- without ver - the last inserted 'wins'
CREATE TABLE myFirstReplacingMT
(
`key` Int64,
`someCol` String,
`eventTime` DateTime
)
ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree
ORDER BY key;
INSERT INTO myFirstReplacingMT Values (1, 'first', '2020-01-01 01:01:01');
INSERT INTO myFirstReplacingMT Values (1, 'second', '2020-01-01 00:00:00');
SELECT * FROM myFirstReplacingMT FINAL;
┌─key─┬─someCol─┬───────────eventTime─┐
│ 1 │ second │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │
└─────┴─────────┴─────────────────────┘
-- with ver - the row with the biggest ver 'wins'
CREATE TABLE mySecondReplacingMT
(
`key` Int64,
`someCol` String,
`eventTime` DateTime
)
ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree(eventTime)
ORDER BY key;
INSERT INTO mySecondReplacingMT Values (1, 'first', '2020-01-01 01:01:01');
INSERT INTO mySecondReplacingMT Values (1, 'second', '2020-01-01 00:00:00');
SELECT * FROM mySecondReplacingMT FINAL;
┌─key─┬─someCol─┬───────────eventTime─┐
│ 1 │ first │ 2020-01-01 01:01:01 │
└─────┴─────────┴─────────────────────┘
is_deleted
ver设置后才能设置is_deleted,用来标记这行数据是否删除,1代表删除(deleted),0代表存在(state)
想真正删除数据, 执行OPTIMIZE ... FINAL CLEANUP
或OPTIMIZE ... FINAL
或者表引擎配置 clean_deleted_rows
设置为 Always
.
例子
-- with ver and is_deleted
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE myThirdReplacingMT
(
`key` Int64,
`someCol` String,
`eventTime` DateTime,
`is_deleted` UInt8
)
ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree(eventTime, is_deleted)
ORDER BY key;
INSERT INTO myThirdReplacingMT Values (1, 'first', '2020-01-01 01:01:01', 0);
INSERT INTO myThirdReplacingMT Values (1, 'first', '2020-01-01 01:01:01', 1);
select * from myThirdReplacingMT final;
0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.003 sec.
-- 删除is_deleted标记为1的行
OPTIMIZE TABLE myThirdReplacingMT FINAL CLEANUP;
INSERT INTO myThirdReplacingMT Values (1, 'first', '2020-01-01 00:00:00', 0);
select * from myThirdReplacingMT final;
┌─key─┬─someCol─┬───────────eventTime─┬─is_deleted─┐
│ 1 │ first │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │ 0 │
└─────┴─────────┴─────────────────────┴────────────┘