Decision making is the process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions.
Using a step-by-step decision-making process can help you make more deliberate, thoughtful decisions by organizing relevant information and defining alternatives. This approach increases the chances that you will choose the most satisfying alternative possible.
决策是通过确定决策、收集信息和评估备选方案来做出选择的过程。
使用一步一步的决策过程可以通过组织相关信息和定义备选方案来帮助你做出更深思熟虑、深思熟虑的决定。这种方法增加了你选择最满意的替代方案的可能性。
Step 1: Identify the decision
You realize that you need to make a decision. Try to clearly define the nature of the decision you must make. This first step is very important.
Step 2: Gather relevant information
Collect some pertinent information before you make your decision: what information is needed, the best sources of information, and how to get it. This step involves both internal and external "work." Some information is internal: you'll seek it through a process of self-assessment. Other information is external: you'll find it online, in books, from other people, and from other sources.
Step 3: Identify the alternatives
As you collect information, you will probably identify several possible paths of action, or alternatives. You can also use your imagination and additional information to construct new alternatives. In this step, you will list all possible and desirable alternatives.
Step 4: Weigh the evidence
Draw on your information and emotions to imagine what it would be like if you carried out each of the alternatives to the end. Evaluate whether the need identified in Step 1 would be met or resolved through the use of each alternative. As you go through this difficult internal process, you'll begin to favor certain alternatives: those that seem to have a higher potential for reaching your goal. Finally, place the alternatives in a priority order, based upon your own value system.
Step 5: Choose among alternatives
Once you have weighed all the evidence, you are ready to select the alternative that seems to be best one for you. You may even choose a combination of alternatives. Your choice in Step 5 may very likely be the same or similar to the alternative you placed at the top of your list at the end of Step 4.
Step 6: Take action
You're now ready to take some positive action by beginning to implement the alternative you chose in Step 5.
Step 7: Review your decision & its consequences
In this final step, consider the results of your decision and evaluate whether or not it has resolved the need you identified in Step 1. If the decision has not met the identified need, you may want to repeat certain steps of the process to make a new decision. For example, you might want to gather more detailed or somewhat different information or explore additional alternatives.
第 1 步：确定决策
你意识到你需要做出决定。 尝试清楚地定义您必须做出的决定的性质。 这第一步非常重要。
第 2 步：收集相关信息
在做出决定之前收集一些相关信息：需要哪些信息、最佳信息来源以及如何获取信息。 这一步涉及内部和外部的"工作"。 有些信息是内部的：您将通过自我评估的过程来寻找它。 其他信息是外部的：您可以在网上、书籍、其他人以及其他来源找到它。
第 3 步：确定替代方案
当您收集信息时，您可能会确定几种可能的行动路径或替代方案。 您还可以利用您的想象力和附加信息来构建新的替代方案。 在此步骤中，您将列出所有可能且理想的替代方案。
第四步：权衡证据
利用你的信息和情感来想象如果你最终执行每一种选择会是什么样子。 评估步骤 1 中确定的需求是否可以通过使用每种替代方案得到满足或解决。 当你经历这个困难的内部过程时，你将开始青睐某些替代方案：那些似乎更有潜力实现你的目标的替代方案。 最后，根据您自己的价值体系将替代方案按优先顺序排列。
第 5 步：选择替代方案
一旦您权衡了所有证据，您就可以选择最适合您的替代方案。 您甚至可以选择多种方案的组合。 您在第 5 步中的选择很可能与您在第 4 步末尾放在列表顶部的选项相同或相似。
第 6 步：采取行动
现在，您已准备好采取一些积极行动，开始实施您在第 5 步中选择的替代方案。
第 7 步：审查您的决定及其后果
在最后一步中，考虑您的决定的结果，并评估它是否解决了您在步骤 1 中确定的需求。如果该决定没有满足确定的需求，您可能需要重复该过程的某些步骤来做出决定。 新的决定。 例如，您可能想要收集更详细或有些不同的信息或探索其他替代方案。