作者简介
张瑞远，曾经从事银行、证券数仓设计、开发、优化类工作，现主要从事电信级IT系统及数据库的规划设计、架构设计、运维实施、运维服务、故障处理、性能优化等工作。 持有Orale OCM,MySQL OCP及国产代表数据库认证。 获得的专业技能与认证包括 OceanBase OBCE、Oracle OCP 11g、OracleOCM 11g 、MySQL OCP 5.7 、腾讯云TBase、腾讯云TDSQ
背景：
前段时间写了一篇《 关于OB中左外连接和反连接的探究 》的文章。OceanBase官网知识库后来也更新了这部分的内容，链接如下：
https://www.oceanbase.com/knowledge-base/oceanbase-database-1000000000475695
这意味着在OceanBase中就不建议使用not exists，或者说只能通过改写来优化它吗？
实际上，并非如此。包括我在文章中的介绍，也仅仅是表明在特定情况下，batch rescan的优化性能可能会优于无法使用该特性的anti join，但这并不意味着not exists的优化途径仅此一种。
为了更直观地说明这一点，我仍倾向于通过实验来验证。
接下来，我将以我之前文章中的sql为例，进行一次优化实验。
实验过程：
sql原文及效率和执行计划如下，因为CTM_GM是视图，所以执行计划中看到的表名是SD_CTM_GM。
#####sql文本
select count(1)
from tttt.mmmmm_sssssale t
where t.sssss not in ('e111', 'ddddda')
and t.stats = '1'
and t.parean is null
and t.city = 2208
AND (t.cusystatus = 'FFFFGGGGG')
AND (T.ORGGGGGGNEL is null or T.ORGGGGGGNEL != 'infonow')
AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1
FROM tttt.TTTT_OWN_C TOW
WHERE T.PID = TOW.OID
AND TOW.CT_ID = T.city
AND TOW.OODDD_sTS IN
(SELECT DDDC
FROM tttt.CTM_GM
WHERE GPID = 'OtherThing '
AND stats = '1')) and to_char(createdate,'yyyymmdd') between 20150101 and 202301211;
###执行时间
+----------+
| COUNT(1) |
+----------+
| 29493 |
+----------+
1 row in set (43.87 sec)
####执行计划
| ===========================================================================================
|ID|OPERATOR |NAME |EST. ROWS|COST |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|0 |SCALAR GROUP BY | |1 |161064|
|1 | NESTED-LOOP ANTI JOIN | |808 |161033|
|2 | TABLE SCAN |T |1278 |40623 |
|3 | PX COORDINATOR | |1 |94 |
|4 | EXCHANGE OUT DISTR |:EX10001 |1 |94 |
|5 | SUBPLAN SCAN |VIEW2 |1 |94 |
|6 | NESTED-LOOP JOIN | |1 |94 |
|7 | EXCHANGE IN DISTR | |1 |92 |
|8 | EXCHANGE OUT DISTR (BC2HOST)|:EX10000 |1 |92 |
|9 | TABLE SCAN |TOW(IDX_TTTT_OWN_C _ORDERID) |1 |92 |
|10| TABLE SCAN |SD_CTM_GM(PK_SD_CTM_GM) |1 |32 |
===========================================================================================
Outputs & filters:
-------------------------------------
0 - output([T_FUN_COUNT(*)]), filter(nil),
group(nil), agg_func([T_FUN_COUNT(*)])
1 - output([1]), filter(nil),
conds(nil), nl_params_([T.PID ])
2 - output([T.PID ]), filter([T.city = 2208], [cast(cast(TO_CHAR(T.CREATEDATE, ?), VARCHAR2(256 BYTE)), NUMBER(-1, -85)) >= 20150101], [cast(cast(TO_CHAR(T.CREATEDATE, ?), VARCHAR2(256 BYTE)), NUMBER(-1, -85)) <= 202301211], [(T_OP_IS, T.ORGGGGGGNEL , NULL, 0) OR T.ORGGGGGGNEL != ?], [(T_OP_NOT_IN, T.sssss , (?, ?))], [(T_OP_IS, T.parean , NULL, 0)], [T.stats = ?], [T.cusystatus = ?]),
access([T.sssss ], [T.stats ], [T.parean ], [T.city ], [T.cusystatus ], [T.ORGGGGGGNEL ], [T.PID ], [T.CREATEDATE]), partitions(p0)
3 - output([1]), filter(nil)
4 - output([1]), filter(nil), is_single, dop=1
5 - output([1]), filter(nil),
access([VIEW2.TOW.OID])
6 - output([TOW.OID]), filter(nil),
conds(nil), nl_params_([TOW.OODDD_sTS ])
7 - output([TOW.OID], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), filter(nil)
8 - output([TOW.OID], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), filter(nil), is_single, dop=1
9 - output([TOW.OID], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), filter([TOW.CT_ID = 2208]),
access([TOW.OID], [TOW.CT_ID ], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), partitions(p0)
10 - output([1]), filter([SD_CTM_GM.stats = ?]),
access([SD_CTM_GM.stats ]), partitions(p0)
可以看到该sql走了NESTED-LOOP ANTI JOIN，执行时间是43s，执行时间比较长。
按照正常的优化思路来分析下，咱们先看下实际的数据量。
obclient> select count(1)
-> from tttt.mmmmm_sssssale t
-> where t.sssss not in ('e111', 'ddddda')
-> and t.stats = '1'
-> and t.parean is null
-> and t.city = 2208
-> AND (t.cusystatus = 'FFFFGGGGG')
-> AND (T.ORGGGGGGNEL is null or T.ORGGGGGGNEL != 'infonow') and to_char(createdate,'yyyymmdd') between 20150101 and 202301211;
+----------+
| COUNT(1) |
+----------+
| 29493 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.08 sec)
obclient> SELECT count(*)
-> FROM tttt.CTM_GM
-> WHERE GPID = 'OtherThing '
-> AND stats = '1' ;
+----------+
| COUNT(*) |
+----------+
| 0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
obclient> SELECT count(*) from tttt.TTTT_OWN_C TOW;
+----------+
| COUNT(*) |
+----------+
| 5087140 |
+----------+
1 row in set (1.99 sec)
可以看到CTM_GM的结果是0行，扫描速度很快，那么not exists的子查询结果也是0行，但是TOW表有500W数据，原本的执行计划是TOW通过nl连接CTM_GM，要取TOW的结果集去匹配CTM_GM，理论上我们修改这两个表关联顺序，就可以只取CTM_GM的0行消除掉TOW表这么大数据量的消耗代价。
######sql文本
select /*+use_nl(@"SEL$1" ("VIEW2"@"SEL$1" ))*/ count(1)
from tttt.mmmmm_sssssale t
where t.sssss not in ('e111', 'ddddda')
and t.stats = '1'
and t.parean is null
and t.city = 2208
AND (t.cusystatus = 'FFFFGGGGG')
AND (T.ORGGGGGGNEL is null or T.ORGGGGGGNEL != 'infonow')
AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT /*+leading(CTM_GM) use_nl(CTM_GM,TOW) */ 1
FROM tttt.TTTT_OWN_C TOW
WHERE T.PID = TOW.OID
AND TOW.CT_ID = T.city
AND TOW.OODDD_sTS IN
(SELECT DDDC
FROM tttt.CTM_GM
WHERE GPID = 'OtherThing '
AND stats = '1')) and to_char(createdate,'yyyymmdd') between 20150101 and 202301211;
#######执行效率
+----------+
| COUNT(1) |
+----------+
| 29493 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.21 sec)
####执行计划
| =========================================================================================
|ID|OPERATOR |NAME |EST. ROWS|COST |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|0 |SCALAR GROUP BY | |1 |275986|
|1 | NESTED-LOOP ANTI JOIN | |808 |275955|
|2 | PX COORDINATOR | |1278 |41514 |
|3 | EXCHANGE OUT DISTR |:EX10000 |1278 |40623 |
|4 | TABLE SCAN |T |1278 |40623 |
|5 | SUBPLAN SCAN |VIEW2 |1 |183 |
|6 | NESTED-LOOP JOIN | |1 |183 |
|7 | TABLE SCAN |SD_CTM_GM(INX_SD_CTM_GM_GPID )|1 |92 |
|8 | MATERIAL | |1 |92 |
|9 | PX COORDINATOR | |1 |92 |
|10| EXCHANGE OUT DISTR|:EX20000 |1 |92 |
|11| TABLE SCAN |TOW(IDX_TTTT_OWN_C _ORDERID) |1 |92 |
=========================================================================================
Outputs & filters:
-------------------------------------
0 - output([T_FUN_COUNT(*)]), filter(nil),
group(nil), agg_func([T_FUN_COUNT(*)])
1 - output([1]), filter(nil),
conds(nil), nl_params_([T.PID ])
2 - output([T.PID ]), filter(nil)
3 - output([T.PID ]), filter(nil), is_single, dop=1
4 - output([T.PID ]), filter([T.city = 2208], [cast(cast(TO_CHAR(T.CREATEDATE, ?), VARCHAR2(256 BYTE)), NUMBER(-1, -85)) >= 20150101], [cast(cast(TO_CHAR(T.CREATEDATE, ?), VARCHAR2(256 BYTE)), NUMBER(-1, -85)) <= 202301211], [(T_OP_IS, T.ORGGGGGGNEL , NULL, 0) OR T.ORGGGGGGNEL != ?], [(T_OP_NOT_IN, T.sssss , (?, ?))], [(T_OP_IS, T.parean , NULL, 0)], [T.stats = ?], [T.cusystatus = ?]),
access([T.sssss ], [T.stats ], [T.parean ], [T.city ], [T.cusystatus ], [T.ORGGGGGGNEL ], [T.PID ], [T.CREATEDATE]), partitions(p0)
5 - output([1]), filter(nil),
access([VIEW2.TOW.OID])
6 - output([TOW.OID]), filter(nil),
conds([TOW.OODDD_sTS = SD_CTM_GM.DDDC]), nl_params_(nil)
7 - output([SD_CTM_GM.DDDC]), filter([SD_CTM_GM.stats = ?]),
access([SD_CTM_GM.stats ], [SD_CTM_GM.DDDC]), partitions(p0)
8 - output([TOW.OID], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), filter(nil)
9 - output([TOW.OID], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), filter(nil)
10 - output([TOW.OID], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), filter(nil), is_single, dop=1
11 - output([TOW.OID], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), filter([TOW.CT_ID = 2208]),
access([TOW.OID], [TOW.CT_ID ], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), partitions(p0)
通过添加hint的方式我们可以看到我只调整了TOW和CTM_GM的连接顺序，效率从43s优化到了0.21s，而我上一篇文章中改写之后的效率是1s，所以该sql不需要改写就可以优化掉。
那这个效率还可以优化吗，看起来还有优化空间，既然not exists的结果集是0,那我用上面同样的方式，干预下view结果集和T表的顺序，能不能得到更好的结果那？
####sql文本
select /*+leading(("VIEW2"@"SEL$1" ))*/ count(1)
from tttt.mmmmm_sssssale t
where t.sssss not in ('e111', 'ddddda')
and t.stats = '1'
and t.parean is null
and t.city = 2208
AND (t.cusystatus = 'FFFFGGGGG')
AND (T.ORGGGGGGNEL is null or T.ORGGGGGGNEL != 'infonow')
AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT /*+leading(CTM_GM) use_nl(CTM_GM,TOW) */ 1
FROM tttt.TTTT_OWN_C TOW
WHERE T.PID = TOW.OID
AND TOW.CT_ID = T.city
AND TOW.OODDD_sTS IN
(SELECT DDDC
FROM tttt.CTM_GM
WHERE GPID = 'OtherThing '
AND stats = '1')) and to_char(createdate,'yyyymmdd') between 20150101 and 202301211;
####执行效率
+----------+
| COUNT(1) |
+----------+
| 29493 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.08 sec)
#########执行计划
| ==========================================================================================
|ID|OPERATOR |NAME |EST. ROWS|COST |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|0 |SCALAR GROUP BY | |1 |2231317|
|1 | HASH RIGHT ANTI JOIN | |808 |2231286|
|2 | SUBPLAN SCAN |VIEW2 |470 |2188504|
|3 | NESTED-LOOP JOIN | |470 |2188497|
|4 | TABLE SCAN |SD_CTM_GM(INX_SD_CTM_GM_GPID )|1 |92 |
|5 | MATERIAL | |299244 |2182932|
|6 | PX COORDINATOR | |299244 |2169701|
|7 | EXCHANGE OUT DISTR|:EX10000 |299244 |2075029|
|8 | TABLE SCAN |TOW |299244 |2075029|
|9 | PX COORDINATOR | |1278 |41514 |
|10| EXCHANGE OUT DISTR |:EX20000 |1278 |40623 |
|11| TABLE SCAN |T |1278 |40623 |
==========================================================================================
Outputs & filters:
-------------------------------------
0 - output([T_FUN_COUNT(*)]), filter(nil),
group(nil), agg_func([T_FUN_COUNT(*)])
1 - output([1]), filter(nil),
equal_conds([T.PID = VIEW2.TOW.OID]), other_conds(nil)
2 - output([VIEW2.TOW.OID]), filter(nil),
access([VIEW2.TOW.OID])
3 - output([TOW.OID]), filter(nil),
conds([TOW.OODDD_sTS = SD_CTM_GM.DDDC]), nl_params_(nil)
4 - output([SD_CTM_GM.DDDC]), filter([SD_CTM_GM.stats = ?]),
access([SD_CTM_GM.stats ], [SD_CTM_GM.DDDC]), partitions(p0)
5 - output([TOW.OID], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), filter(nil)
6 - output([TOW.OID], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), filter(nil)
7 - output([TOW.OID], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), filter(nil), is_single, dop=1
8 - output([TOW.OID], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), filter([TOW.CT_ID = 2208]),
access([TOW.OID], [TOW.CT_ID ], [TOW.OODDD_sTS ]), partitions(p0)
9 - output([T.PID ]), filter(nil)
10 - output([T.PID ]), filter(nil), is_single, dop=1
11 - output([T.PID ]), filter([T.city = 2208], [cast(cast(TO_CHAR(T.CREATEDATE, ?), VARCHAR2(256 BYTE)), NUMBER(-1, -85)) >= 20150101], [cast(cast(TO_CHAR(T.CREATEDATE, ?), VARCHAR2(256 BYTE)), NUMBER(-1, -85)) <= 202301211], [(T_OP_IS, T.ORGGGGGGNEL , NULL, 0) OR T.ORGGGGGGNEL != ?], [(T_OP_NOT_IN, T.sssss , (?, ?))], [(T_OP_IS, T.parean , NULL, 0)], [T.stats = ?], [T.cusystatus = ?]),
access([T.sssss ], [T.stats ], [T.parean ], [T.city ], [T.cusystatus ], [T.ORGGGGGGNEL ], [T.PID ], [T.CREATEDATE]), partitions(p0)
可以看到现在效率0.08s比一开始的43s提升了500多倍比单纯的改写效率提升了12倍多，所以NOT EXISTS不一定需要改写，可能只是计划走错了，这种情况下我们绑定下计划就好了，很多时候应用改代码的代价也很大。
结论：
很多sql不是一定要去改写才能解决的，虽然改写有可能可以使用到一些优化算子，但是可能问题的根因不在这里，我们一定要提高自己分析问题的能力，准确判断分析问题，这样在工作中可以得心应手，也可以避免很多不必要的冗余的工作。
行之所向，莫问远方。