1 JDBC
面向接口编程
在JDBC里面Java这个公司只是提供了一套接口Connection、Statement、ResultSet,每个数据库厂商实现了这套接口,例如MySql公司实现了:MySql驱动程序里面实现了这套接口,Java程序员只要调用实现了这些方法就可以实现对 MySql数据库的增删改查。
2 JDBC开发步骤
2.1 加载驱动Class.forName("")
2.2 获得连接对象Connection
2.3 写sql语句
2.4 创建Statement(一艘船)
2.5 执行sql语句
(1) 更新类(更改了表里面数据):delete/update/insert executeUpdate()
返回值:int,表示你影响的行数
(2)查询(没有改变表里面数据): select executeQuery()
返回值:结果集ResultSet
2.6 关闭连接
java
@Test
public void test1() {
Connection connection = null;
Statement statement = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
try {
//1、加载驱动Class.forName("");
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
//2、获得连接对象Connection
//Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/study", "root", "xiangjie");
//jdbc:mysql:协议 localhost 127.0.0.1
connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/study?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT%2b8", "root", "xiangjie");
//3、写sql语句
String sql = "select id,name,age,gender from student";
//4、创建Statement(一艘船)
statement = connection.createStatement();
//5、执行sql语句
// (1) 更新类(更改了表里面数据):delete/update/insert executeUpdate()
// 返回值:int,表示你影响的行数
// (2)查询(没有改变表里面数据): select executeQuery()
// 返回值:结果集ResultSet
resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
while (resultSet.next()) {//判断下一行有没有,如果没有返回FALSE,如果有返回true并且指向这一行。既判断也指向,没有指向自己
//当前resultSet指向第一行
//while循环每遍历一次,把这一行每个字段的值拿出来,就可以封装一个Student对象
int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
String name = resultSet.getString("name");
int age = resultSet.getInt("age");
String gender = resultSet.getString("gender");
//以后有框架给干 但是自己也要过一遍流程
Student student = new Student(id, name, age, gender);
System.out.println(student);
studentList.add(student);
}
//6、关闭连接 见finally
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
//6、关闭连接
if (resultSet != null) {
try {
resultSet.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if (statement != null) {
try {
statement.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if (connection != null) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
3 JDBC接口核心的API
|- DriverManager类: 驱动管理器类,用于管理所有注册的驱动程序
|-registerDriver(driver) : 注册驱动类对象
|-Connection getConnection(url,user,password); 获取连接对象
|- Connection接口: 表示java程序和数据库的连接对象。
|- Statement createStatement() : 创建Statement对象
|- PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) 创建PreparedStatement对象
|- CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) 创建CallableStatement对象(调用写好的存储过程)
|- Statement接口: 用于执行静态的sql语句
|- int executeUpdate(String sql) : 执行静态的更新sql语句
|- ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) :执行的静态的查询sql语句
|-PreparedStatement接口:用于执行预编译sql语句
|- int executeUpdate() : 执行预编译的更新sql语句
|-ResultSet executeQuery() : 执行预编译的查询sql语句
|- ResultSet接口:用于封装查询出来的数据
|- boolean next() : 将光标移动到下一行
|-getXX() : 获取列的值
java
@Test
public void test2() {
Connection connection = null;
Statement statement = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/study?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT%2b8", "root", "xiangjie");
String sql = "select id,name,age,gender from student";
statement = connection.createStatement();
resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
while (resultSet.next()) {
int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
String name = resultSet.getString("name");
int age = resultSet.getInt("age");
String gender = resultSet.getString("gender");
Student student = new Student(id, name, age, gender);
System.out.println(student);
studentList.add(student);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JDBCUtil.close(connection, statement, resultSet);
}
}
4 PreparedStatement(预编译)和Statement区别
1、语法不同:
PreparedStatement可以使用预编译的sql,只需要发送一次sql语句,后面只要发送参数即可,公用一个sql语句。
Statement只能使用静态的sql。
2、效率不同:PreparedStatement使用了sql缓冲区,效率要比Statement高。
3、安全性不同:PreparedStatement可以有效的防止sql注入,而Statement不能防止sql注入。
java
@Test
public void test3() {//预编译的statement
Connection connection = null;
//Statement statement = null;
PreparedStatement statement = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
try {
connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
String sql = "select id,name,age,gender from student";
//预编译的statement
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
while (resultSet.next()) {
int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
String name = resultSet.getString("name");
int age = resultSet.getInt("age");
String gender = resultSet.getString("gender");
Student student = new Student(id, name, age, gender);
System.out.println(student);
studentList.add(student);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JDBCUtil.close(connection, statement, resultSet);
}
}
5 SQL注入
sql
-- 演示Sql注入问题
CREATE TABLE users(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` VARCHAR(10),
`password` VARCHAR(10)
);
INSERT INTO users(`name`, `password`) VALUES('lisi',123);
SELECT * FROM users WHERE 1=1; -- 1=1 true
SELECT * FROM users WHERE `name`='lisi' AND `password`='123';
-- zhangsan' OR 1=1 -- y
SELECT * FROM users WHERE `name`='zhangsan' OR 1=1 -- y' AND `password`='343';