Linux_Debian学习笔记

liujinbao80002024-04-10 11:18

文章目录

系统管理

软件源

Debian11

debian11 ustc中国科技大学软件源

  1. 生成软件源

    shell 复制代码 
    # 备份软件源
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup.$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M")
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free

# deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
EOF
debian11 清华大学软件源

  1. 生成软件源

    shell 复制代码 
    # 备份软件源
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup.$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M")
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
EOF
debian11 阿里云软件源

  1. 生成软件源

    shell 复制代码 
    # 备份软件源
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup.$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M")
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
EOF

Debian12

debian12 清华大学软件源

  1. 生成软件源

    shell 复制代码 
    # 备份软件源
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup.$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M")
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

# deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# # deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
EOF

系统全局设置

debian12 修改静态IP地址

  1. eth0为dhcp获取ip,eth1为静态ip,使用"systemctl restart networking.service"命令生效

  2. debian12 修改静态IP地址

    bash 复制代码 
    # 备份配置文件
sudo mv /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.backup.$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M")
sudo cat > /etc/network/interfaces << 'EOF'
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug eth0 eth1
iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth1 inet static
  address 10.10.10.10/24
  broadcast 10.10.10.255
  network 10.10.10.0
EOF

修改语言环境成中文

  1. 修改语言环境成中文

    复制代码 
    dpkg-reconfigure locales
#设置成zh_CN.UTF-8后,重启

系统输入法

Debian11 fcxe 安装rime中州韵五笔输入法

  1. 安装rime输入法

    shell 复制代码 
    sudo apt -y install fcitx5-rime

  2. 下载安装五笔输入方案

    shell 复制代码 
    # 下载五笔输入法
wget https://github.com/rime/rime-wubi/archive/refs/heads/master.zip -O rime-wubi.zip
# 五笔拼音反查依赖pinyin-simp
wget https://github.com/rime/rime-pinyin-simp/archive/refs/heads/master.zip -O rime-pinyin-simp.zip
unzip rime-wubi.zip
unzip rime-pinyin-simp.zip
在GUI界面注销，再登录用户
在输入法中调出中州韵输入法
cp rime-wubi-master/wubi* ~/.local/share/fcitx5/rime/
cp rime-pinyin-simp-master/pinyin_simp* ~/.local/share/fcitx5/rime/
vi ~/.local/share/fcitx5/rime/build/default.yaml
# 编辑文件，在schema_list:下增加五笔输入法
- schema: wubi_pinyin
保存退出，重新启动中州韵输入法，按F4切换输入法
在五笔拼音输入法下,可直接输入拼音,反查五笔编码

常用软件安装

Docker安装

  1. Docker官方文档

  2. 使用apt仓库安装,国内网络可能非常慢

    bash 复制代码 
    # Add Docker's official GPG key:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

# Add the repository to Apt sources:
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

  3. 使用离线包安装

    1. 打开网页

    2. 选择Debian的版本

    3. 进入pool/stable/,选择平台

    4. 下载以下deb文件

      复制代码 
      containerd.io_<version>_<arch>.deb
docker-ce_<version>_<arch>.deb
docker-ce-cli_<version>_<arch>.deb
docker-buildx-plugin_<version>_<arch>.deb
docker-compose-plugin_<version>_<arch>.deb

    5. 以Debian12(bookworm)为例,下载链接

      1. containerd.io_1.6.28-2
      2. docker-ce_26.0.0-1
      3. docker-ce-cli_26.0.0-1
      4. docker-buildx-plugin_0.13.1-1
      5. docker-compose-plugin_2.25.0-1

    6. 安装离线包

      bash 复制代码 
      # 如果没有iptables,需要先安装iptables:apt install -y iptables
sudo dpkg -i ./containerd.io_1.6.28-2_amd64.deb \
  ./docker-ce_26.0.0-1~debian.12~bookworm_amd64.deb \
  ./docker-ce-cli_26.0.0-1~debian.12~bookworm_amd64.deb \
  ./docker-buildx-plugin_0.13.1-1~debian.12~bookworm_amd64.deb \
  ./docker-compose-plugin_2.25.0-1~debian.12~bookworm_amd64.deb

    7. 验证是否安装成功

      docker ps

相关推荐
律宏阔3 小时前
WSL Docker 端口明明空闲，但就是绑不上端口
linux·windows
律宏阔3 小时前
WSL 突然断网，无法 ping 内网或外网
linux·windows
穷人小水滴3 小时前
用容器编译 VirtualBox 虚拟机软件 (ArchLinux, podman)
linux·容器·virtualbox
乱码三千4 小时前
如何优雅地直连无公网 IP 的远程 GPU 服务器
linux·人工智能·程序员
yunwei374 小时前
使用 eBPF 跟踪 Nginx 请求
linux·后端·性能优化
yunwei374 小时前
使用 eBPF 跟踪 MySQL 查询
linux·后端·性能优化
yunwei374 小时前
eBPF 示例教程：使用 XDP 捕获 TCP 信息
linux·后端·性能优化
GeW4 小时前
制造业高端化，为什么必须重估Linux和数据库？
linux
GeW4 小时前
工业场景中的Linux与数据库选型：高端化转型的技术底座
linux
yunwei374 小时前
eBPF 开发者教程： 简单的 XDP 负载均衡器
linux·后端·性能优化
热门推荐
01Telegram APK 下载安装完整指南 — 2026年最新02GitHub 镜像站点03国内可直接用、免费额度/永久免费的大模型API清单（含 SiliconFlow、火山、阿里、智谱、百度、Kimi、DeepSeek、DMXAPI 等）04历年考研数学一、数学二、数学三真题试卷及答案PDF052026 爱知・名古屋亚运会怎么看？直播平台+赛程安排分享06蜘蛛磁力 搜索引擎大全，如何使用蜘蛛磁力查找磁力链接07给AI一张“业务概念地图“：本体如何从哲学走向企业智能08微信历史版本含下载地址（ Windows PC | 安卓 | MAC ）及设置微信不更新09jev-ultrafast 深度解析：7 秒订机票的浏览器 Agent 是如何炼成的10人工智能（AI）发展史：详细里程碑