Linux_Debian学习笔记

liujinbao80002024-04-10 11:18

文章目录

系统管理

软件源

Debian11

debian11 ustc中国科技大学软件源

  1. 生成软件源

    shell 复制代码 
    # 备份软件源
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup.$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M")
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free

# deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
EOF
debian11 清华大学软件源

  1. 生成软件源

    shell 复制代码 
    # 备份软件源
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup.$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M")
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
EOF
debian11 阿里云软件源

  1. 生成软件源

    shell 复制代码 
    # 备份软件源
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup.$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M")
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
EOF

Debian12

debian12 清华大学软件源

  1. 生成软件源

    shell 复制代码 
    # 备份软件源
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup.$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M")
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

# deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# # deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
EOF

系统全局设置

debian12 修改静态IP地址

  1. eth0为dhcp获取ip,eth1为静态ip,使用"systemctl restart networking.service"命令生效

  2. debian12 修改静态IP地址

    bash 复制代码 
    # 备份配置文件
sudo mv /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.backup.$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M")
sudo cat > /etc/network/interfaces << 'EOF'
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug eth0 eth1
iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth1 inet static
  address 10.10.10.10/24
  broadcast 10.10.10.255
  network 10.10.10.0
EOF

修改语言环境成中文

  1. 修改语言环境成中文

    复制代码 
    dpkg-reconfigure locales
#设置成zh_CN.UTF-8后,重启

系统输入法

Debian11 fcxe 安装rime中州韵五笔输入法

  1. 安装rime输入法

    shell 复制代码 
    sudo apt -y install fcitx5-rime

  2. 下载安装五笔输入方案

    shell 复制代码 
    # 下载五笔输入法
wget https://github.com/rime/rime-wubi/archive/refs/heads/master.zip -O rime-wubi.zip
# 五笔拼音反查依赖pinyin-simp
wget https://github.com/rime/rime-pinyin-simp/archive/refs/heads/master.zip -O rime-pinyin-simp.zip
unzip rime-wubi.zip
unzip rime-pinyin-simp.zip
在GUI界面注销，再登录用户
在输入法中调出中州韵输入法
cp rime-wubi-master/wubi* ~/.local/share/fcitx5/rime/
cp rime-pinyin-simp-master/pinyin_simp* ~/.local/share/fcitx5/rime/
vi ~/.local/share/fcitx5/rime/build/default.yaml
# 编辑文件，在schema_list:下增加五笔输入法
- schema: wubi_pinyin
保存退出，重新启动中州韵输入法，按F4切换输入法
在五笔拼音输入法下,可直接输入拼音,反查五笔编码

常用软件安装

Docker安装

  1. Docker官方文档

  2. 使用apt仓库安装,国内网络可能非常慢

    bash 复制代码 
    # Add Docker's official GPG key:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

# Add the repository to Apt sources:
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

  3. 使用离线包安装

    1. 打开网页

    2. 选择Debian的版本

    3. 进入pool/stable/,选择平台

    4. 下载以下deb文件

      复制代码 
      containerd.io_<version>_<arch>.deb
docker-ce_<version>_<arch>.deb
docker-ce-cli_<version>_<arch>.deb
docker-buildx-plugin_<version>_<arch>.deb
docker-compose-plugin_<version>_<arch>.deb

    5. 以Debian12(bookworm)为例,下载链接

      1. containerd.io_1.6.28-2
      2. docker-ce_26.0.0-1
      3. docker-ce-cli_26.0.0-1
      4. docker-buildx-plugin_0.13.1-1
      5. docker-compose-plugin_2.25.0-1

    6. 安装离线包

      bash 复制代码 
      # 如果没有iptables,需要先安装iptables:apt install -y iptables
sudo dpkg -i ./containerd.io_1.6.28-2_amd64.deb \
  ./docker-ce_26.0.0-1~debian.12~bookworm_amd64.deb \
  ./docker-ce-cli_26.0.0-1~debian.12~bookworm_amd64.deb \
  ./docker-buildx-plugin_0.13.1-1~debian.12~bookworm_amd64.deb \
  ./docker-compose-plugin_2.25.0-1~debian.12~bookworm_amd64.deb

    7. 验证是否安装成功

      docker ps

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