利用DataX工具，实现MySQL与OceanBase的数据同步实践

OceanBase数据库官方博客2024-04-14 15:08

数据迁移是经常遇到的需求，市面上为此提供了众多同步工具。这里将为大家简要介绍DataX的使用。DataX 是阿里云 DataWorks数据集成 的开源版本，它作为离线数据同步的工具/平台，在阿里巴巴集团内部被广泛应用。DataX 能够实现多种异构数据源之间的数据同步功能，这些数据源包括了 MySQL、Oracle、OceanBase、SqlServer、Postgre、HDFS、Hive、ADS、HBase、TableStore(OTS)、MaxCompute(ODPS)、Hologres、DRDS以及databend等。​​​​​​​

DataX架构

DataX本身作为离线数据同步框架，采用Framework + plugin架构构建。将数据源读取和写入抽象成为Reader/Writer插件，纳入到整个同步框架中。

  1. Reader：Reader为数据采集模块，负责采集数据源的数据，将数据发送给Framework；

  2. Writer： Writer为数据写入模块，负责不断向Framework取数据，并将数据写入到目的端；

  3. Framework：Framework用于连接reader和writer，作为两者的数据传输通道，并处理缓冲，流控，并发，数据转换等核心技术问题。

关于DataX具体的介绍，可访问官网： GitHub - alibaba/DataX: DataX是阿里云DataWorks数据集成的开源版本。 ，本次主要是实际运行一遍DataX的迁移流程。

DataX中默认不包含OceanBase的 Reader/Writer 插件，需要通过源码编译生成对应的插件。

源码安装步骤

下载DataX源码

git clone git@github.com:alibaba/DataX.git
或者进到仓库，直接下载
https://github.com/alibaba/DataX

通过maven编译打包

下载maven
wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/maven/maven-3/3.8.8/binaries/apache-maven-3.8.8-bin.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
解压缩
[root@cdctest opt]# tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.8.8-bin.tar.gz
创建软连接
[root@cdctest opt]# cd apache-maven-3.8.8/bin/
[root@cdctest bin]# ll
总用量 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  228 3月   8 21:58 m2.conf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5790 3月   8 21:58 mvn
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6226 3月   8 21:58 mvn.cmd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1601 3月   8 21:58 mvnDebug
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2082 3月   8 21:58 mvnDebug.cmd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1532 3月   8 21:58 mvnyjp
[root@cdctest bin]# ln -s /opt/apache-maven-3.8.8/bin/mvn /usr/bin/mvn
检查mvn
[root@cdctest bin]# mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.8.8 (4c87b05d9aedce574290d1acc98575ed5eb6cd39)
Maven home: /opt/apache-maven-3.8.8
Java version: 1.8.0_345, vendor: Red Hat, Inc., runtime: /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.345.b01-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"
安装java及检查
下载jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz包
解压:
tar -zxvf jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/java/
修改环境变量
[root@cdctest bin]# vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_291
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
[root@cdctest bin]# source /etc/profile
[root@cdctest bin]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_345"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_345-b01)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.345-b01, mixed mode)
修改配置文件

这里的配置文件修改，注意删除不必要的插件，否则编译结果会比较大

[root@OCP DataX]# pwd
/opt/DataX
[root@OCP DataX]# cat pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.alibaba.datax</groupId>
    <artifactId>datax-all</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
            <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.3</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <name>datax-all</name>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <properties>
        <jdk-version>1.8</jdk-version>
        <datax-project-version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</datax-project-version>
        <commons-lang3-version>3.3.2</commons-lang3-version>
        <commons-configuration-version>1.10</commons-configuration-version>
        <commons-cli-version>1.2</commons-cli-version>
        <fastjson-version>2.0.23</fastjson-version>
        <guava-version>16.0.1</guava-version>
        <diamond.version>3.7.2.1-SNAPSHOT</diamond.version>

        <!--slf4j 1.7.10 和 logback-classic 1.0.13 是好基友 -->
        <slf4j-api-version>1.7.10</slf4j-api-version>
        <logback-classic-version>1.0.13</logback-classic-version>
        <commons-io-version>2.4</commons-io-version>
        <junit-version>4.13.1</junit-version>
        <tddl.version>5.1.22-1</tddl.version>
        <swift-version>1.0.0</swift-version>

        <project-sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project-sourceEncoding>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.encoding>UTF-8</maven.compiler.encoding>
        <mysql.driver.version>5.1.47</mysql.driver.version>
    </properties>

    <modules>
        <module>common</module>
        <module>core</module>
        <module>transformer</module>

        <!-- reader -->
        <module>mysqlreader</module>
        <module>cassandrareader</module>
        <module>oceanbasev10reader</module>

        <!-- writer -->
        <module>mysqlwriter</module>
        <module>oceanbasev10writer</module>

        <module>elasticsearchwriter</module>

        <!-- common support module -->
        <module>plugin-rdbms-util</module>
        <module>plugin-unstructured-storage-util</module>

    </modules>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
                <version>${commons-lang3-version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
                <artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
                <version>${fastjson-version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--<dependency>
                <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
                <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
                <version>${guava-version}</version>
            </dependency>-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
                <version>${commons-io-version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                <version>${slf4j-api-version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
                <version>${logback-classic-version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.taobao.tddl</groupId>
                <artifactId>tddl-client</artifactId>
                <version>${tddl.version}</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
                        <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>com.taobao.diamond</groupId>
                        <artifactId>diamond-client</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.taobao.diamond</groupId>
                <artifactId>diamond-client</artifactId>
                <version>${diamond.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.search.swift</groupId>
                <artifactId>swift_client</artifactId>
                <version>${swift-version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit-version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
                <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
                <version>1.9.5</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
                <version>2.17.1</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
                <version>2.17.1</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>central</id>
            <name>Nexus aliyun</name>
            <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/central</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>spring</id>
            <name>spring</name>
            <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/spring</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>central</id>
            <name>Nexus aliyun</name>
            <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/central</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>

    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <finalName>datax</finalName>
                    <descriptors>
                        <descriptor>package.xml</descriptor>
                    </descriptors>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>make-assembly</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${jdk-version}</source>
                    <target>${jdk-version}</target>
                    <encoding>${project-sourceEncoding}</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>
执行编译
[root@cdctest datax]# mvn -U clean package assembly:assembly -Dmaven.test.skip=true

出现如下结果，则表示编译成功

检查文件

编译成功之后，可以在如下目录下，看到对应的oceanbasev10writer jar包

[root@cdctest oceanbasev10writer]# pwd
/opt/datax/target/datax/datax/plugin/writer/oceanbasev10writer
[root@cdctest oceanbasev10writer]# ll
总用量 72
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 4月  18 19:35 libs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62155 4月  18 19:35 oceanbasev10writer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   219 4月  18 19:35 plugin.json

同步数据

编辑模版

这里做一个MySQL 到 OceanBase 的数据迁移，迁移 t1表的所有字段，通过insert的模式，因为DataX不会自动去目标端创建表，因此需要手动在目标端将表结构创建好。

[root@cdctest bin]# cat mysql2ob.json
{
    "job": {
        "content": [
            {
                "reader": {
                    "name": "mysqlreader",
                    "parameter": {
                        "username": "root",
                        "password": "admin123",
                        "column": ["*"],
                        "splitPk": "",
                        "connection": [
                            {
                                "table": [
                                    "t1"
                                ],
                                "jdbcUrl": [
                                    "jdbc:mysql://172.30.199.217:3306/test?useSSL=false"
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                },
                "writer": {
                    "name": "oceanbasev10writer",
                    "parameter": {
                        "column": [
                            "*"
                        ],
                        "connection": [
                            {
                                "jdbcUrl": "||_dsc_ob10_dsc_||myoceanbase:obtest||_dsc_ob10_dsc_||jdbc:oceanbase://172.30.199.203:2883/test?yearIsDateType=false&ZeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&tinyIntlisBit=false&rewriteBatchedStatements=true",
                                "table": [
                                    "t1"
                                ]
                            }
                        ],
                        "obWriteMode": "insert",
                        "password": "admin123",
                        "preSql": [
                            "truncate table t1;"
                        ],
                        "username": "root"
                    }
                }
            }
        ],
        "setting": {
            "speed": {
                "channel": "1"
            }
        }
    }
}
执行同步
[root@cdctest bin]# python datax.py mysql2ob.json
DataX (DATAX-OPENSOURCE-3.0), From Alibaba !
Copyright (C) 2010-2017, Alibaba Group. All Rights Reserved.


2023-04-18 19:57:02.395 [main] INFO  MessageSource - JVM TimeZone: GMT+08:00, Locale: zh_CN
2023-04-18 19:57:02.396 [main] INFO  MessageSource - use Locale: zh_CN timeZone: sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo[id="GMT+08:00",offset=28800000,dstSavings=0,useDaylight=false,transitions=0,lastRule=null]
2023-04-18 19:57:02.411 [main] INFO  VMInfo - VMInfo# operatingSystem class => sun.management.OperatingSystemImpl
2023-04-18 19:57:02.415 [main] INFO  Engine - the machine info  =>
...............
...............
...............
2023-04-18 19:57:12.867 [job-0] INFO  JobContainer - DataX Writer.Job [oceanbasev10writer] do post work.
2023-04-18 19:57:12.867 [job-0] INFO  JobContainer - DataX Reader.Job [mysqlreader] do post work.
2023-04-18 19:57:12.867 [job-0] INFO  JobContainer - DataX jobId [0] completed successfully.
2023-04-18 19:57:12.868 [job-0] INFO  HookInvoker - No hook invoked, because base dir not exists or is a file: /opt/datax/target/datax/datax/hook
2023-04-18 19:57:12.869 [job-0] INFO  JobContainer -
	 [total cpu info] =>
		averageCpu                     | maxDeltaCpu                    | minDeltaCpu
		-1.00%                         | -1.00%                         | -1.00%


	 [total gc info] =>
		 NAME                 | totalGCCount       | maxDeltaGCCount    | minDeltaGCCount    | totalGCTime        | maxDeltaGCTime     | minDeltaGCTime
		 PS MarkSweep         | 0                  | 0                  | 0                  | 0.000s             | 0.000s             | 0.000s
		 PS Scavenge          | 0                  | 0                  | 0                  | 0.000s             | 0.000s             | 0.000s

2023-04-18 19:57:12.869 [job-0] INFO  JobContainer - PerfTrace not enable!
2023-04-18 19:57:12.869 [job-0] INFO  StandAloneJobContainerCommunicator - Total 2 records, 2 bytes | Speed 0B/s, 0 records/s | Error 0 records, 0 bytes |  All Task WaitWriterTime 0.000s |  All Task WaitReaderTime 0.000s | Percentage 100.00%
2023-04-18 19:57:12.870 [job-0] INFO  JobContainer -
任务启动时刻                    : 2023-04-18 19:57:02
任务结束时刻                    : 2023-04-18 19:57:12
任务总计耗时                    :                 10s
任务平均流量                    :                0B/s
记录写入速度                    :              0rec/s
读出记录总数                    :                   2
读写失败总数                    :                   0

最终结束会打印同步的结果。

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