部署Nginx+Keepalived高可用负载均衡器 kube-apiserver高可用架构图：
- Nginx是一个主流Web服务和反向代理服务器，这里用四层实现对apiserver实现负载均衡。
- Keepalived是一个主流高可用软件，基于VIP绑定实现服务器双机热备，在上述拓扑中，Keepalived主要根据Nginx运行状态判断是否需要故障转移（漂移VIP），例如当Nginx主节点挂掉，VIP会自动绑定在Nginx备节点，从而保证VIP一直可用，实现Nginx高可用。
注1：为了节省机器，这里与K8s Master节点机器复用。也可以独立于k8s集群之外部署，只要nginx与apiserver能通信就行。
注2：如果你是在公有云上，一般都不支持keepalived，那么你可以直接用它们的负载均衡器产品，直接负载均衡多台Master kube-apiserver，架构与上面一样。
在两台Master节点操作。
1. 安装软件包（主/备）
yum install epel-release -y
yum install nginx keepalived -y
2. Nginx配置文件（主/备一样）
cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf << "EOF"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
# 四层负载均衡，为两台Master apiserver组件提供负载均衡
stream {
log_format main '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent';
access_log /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log main;
upstream k8s-apiserver {
server 192.168.31.71:6443; # Master1 APISERVER IP:PORT
server 192.168.31.72:6443; # Master2 APISERVER IP:PORT
}
server {
listen 16443; # 由于nginx与master节点复用，这个监听端口不能是6443，否则会冲突
proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
}
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name _;
location / {
}
}
}
EOF
3. keepalived配置文件（Nginx Master）
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id NGINX_MASTER
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33 # 修改为实际网卡名
virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例，每个实例是唯一的
priority 100 # 优先级，备服务器设置 90
advert_int 1 # 指定VRRP 心跳包通告间隔时间，默认1秒
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
# 虚拟IP
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.31.88/24
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
EOF
- vrrp_script：指定检查nginx工作状态脚本（根据nginx状态判断是否故障转移）
- virtual_ipaddress：虚拟IP（VIP）
准备上述配置文件中检查nginx运行状态的脚本：
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh
4. keepalived配置文件（Nginx Backup）
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id NGINX_BACKUP
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例，每个实例是唯一的
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.31.88/24
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
EOF
准备上述配置文件中检查nginx运行状态的脚本：
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh
注：keepalived根据脚本返回状态码（0为工作正常，非0不正常）判断是否故障转移。
5. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx keepalived
systemctl enable nginx keepalived
6. 查看keepalived工作状态
ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:04:f7:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.31.80/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.31.88/24 scope global secondary ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe04:f72c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
可以看到，在ens33网卡绑定了192.168.31.88 虚拟IP，说明工作正常。
7. Nginx+Keepalived高可用测试
关闭主节点Nginx，测试VIP是否漂移到备节点服务器。 在Nginx Master执行 pkill nginx；在Nginx Backup，ip addr命令查看已成功绑定VIP。
8. 访问负载均衡器测试
找K8s集群中任意一个节点，使用curl查看K8s版本测试，使用VIP访问：
curl -k https://192.168.31.88:16443/version
{
"major": "1",
"minor": "20",
"gitVersion": "v1.20.4",
"gitCommit": "e87da0bd6e03ec3fea7933c4b5263d151aafd07c",
"gitTreeState": "clean",
"buildDate": "2021-02-18T16:03:00Z",
"goVersion": "go1.15.8",
"compiler": "gc",
"platform": "linux/amd64"
}
可以正确获取到K8s版本信息，说明负载均衡器搭建正常。该请求数据流程：curl -> vip(nginx) -> apiserver，通过查看Nginx日志也可以看到转发apiserver IP：
tail /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log -f
192.168.31.71 192.168.31.71:6443 - [02/Apr/2021:19:17:57 +0800] 200 423
192.168.31.71 192.168.31.72:6443 - [02/Apr/2021:19:18:50 +0800] 200 423
到此还没结束，还有下面最关键的一步。
7.3 修改所有Worker Node连接LB VIP
试想下，虽然我们增加了Master2 Node和负载均衡器，但是我们是从单Master架构扩容的，也就是说目前所有的Worker Node组件连接都还是Master1 Node，如果不改为连接VIP走负载均衡器，那么Master还是单点故障。
因此接下来就是要改所有Worker Node（kubectl get node命令查看到的节点）组件配置文件，由原来192.168.31.71修改为192.168.31.88（VIP）。
在所有Worker Node执行：
sed -i 's#192.168.31.71:6443#192.168.31.88:16443#' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/*
systemctl restart kubelet kube-proxy
检查节点状态：
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 Ready <none> 32d v1.20.4
k8s-master2 Ready <none> 10m v1.20.4
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 31d v1.20.4
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 31d v1.20.4
至此，一套完整的 Kubernetes 高可用集群就部署完成了！
[apps@TLVM202016131 conf]$ cat nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes auto;
worker_cpu_affinity auto;
worker_rlimit_nofile 262144;
error_log logs/error.log;
pid sbin/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
#accept_mutex off
worker_connections 65536;
}
stream {
log_format basic '$remote_addr [$time_local] '
'$protocol $server_addr $server_port $status $bytes_sent $bytes_received '
'$session_time';
include conf.d/*.tcp;
}
http {
vhost_traffic_status_zone shared:vhost_traffic_status:64m;
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server_tokens off;
#gzip on;
#gzip_min_length 2k;
#gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript;
#client_body_buffer_size 512k;
#client_header_buffer_size 16k;
#large_client_header_buffers 4 16k;
#client_max_body_size 100m;
#proxy_ignore_client_abort on;
#proxy_set_header Host $host;
#proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
include rule.d/*.conf;
include conf.d/*.conf;
}
[apps@TLVM202016131 conf]$ ls conf.d/bak/
00-default.conf apiserver.tcp coredns.tcp
[apps@TLVM202016131 bak]$ cat apiserver.tcp
#---------- 20231113 k8s-uat ----------#
upstream apiserver {
#hash $remote_addr consistent;
server 10.202.17.17:6443 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=1s;
server 10.202.17.18:6443 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=1s;
server 10.202.17.19:6443 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=1s;
}
server {
listen 6443;
access_log logs/tcp.log basic;
proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
proxy_timeout 3600s;
proxy_pass apiserver;
}