环境：win11、python 3.9.2、django 4.2.11、celery 4.4.7、MySQL 8.1、redis 3.0
背景：基于django框架的大量任务实现，并且需要保存数据库
时间：20240409
说明：异步爬取小说，并将其保存到数据库
1、创建django项目，并创建app，测试调通
python
# 创建目录GetFiction
pip install django==4.2.11 pymysql-1.1.0
django-admin startproject getfiction .
django-admin startapp getsection配置MySQL连接、应用注册、日志、其他配置
python
# getfiction/__init__.py filepath
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
# getfiction/settings.py filepath
# 数据库连接
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'fictions',
'USER': '****',
'PASSWORD': '****',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': '3306',
}
}
# 应用注册
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'getsection',
]
# 其他配置
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
# 日志配置
import logging
# 创建日志器
logger = logging.getLogger("test")
# 为日志器设置日志等级，如果这里不设置，将会使用其父级日志器的等日志等级
# 这里它的父日志器是root，root的默认日志级别是 logging.WARNING
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
# 创建文件处理程序
fh = logging.FileHandler(filename="./test.log",encoding="utf8")
# 创建流处理程序
sh = logging.StreamHandler()
# 为文件处理程序设置日志等级
fh.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
# 为流处理程序设置日志等级
sh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# 创建格式化程序
ffmt = logging.Formatter(
fmt = "%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(name)s - %(filename)s:%(lineno)d - %(message)s",
datefmt = "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S"
)
# 创建格式化程序
sfmt = logging.Formatter(
fmt = "%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(name)s - %(filename)s:%(lineno)d - %(message)s",
)
# 将 ffmt 格式化程序应用到 fh 文件处理程序
fh.setFormatter(ffmt)
# 将 sfmt 格式化程序应用到 sh 流处理程序
sh.setFormatter(sfmt)
# 将文件处理程序应用到logger日志器
logger.addHandler(fh)
# 将流处理程序应用到logger日志器
logger.addHandler(sh)配置首页的路由以及视图函数
python
# getfiction/urls.py
from getsection.views import index
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', index),
]
# getsection/views.py
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
def index(request):
# 测试首页
return HttpResponse(str("hello"))调试（postman或是浏览器都行）
bash
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000postman测试结果，如下：
2、django中集成celery，异步处理任务，并将任务存储到MySQL
celery配置：broker使用redis，backend使用django自带的ORM，并注册celery相关应用
python
# getfiction/celery.py
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
from celery import Celery
import os
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'getfiction.settings') # 设置django环境
app = Celery('djcelery', broker='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0', backend='django-db')
app.autodiscover_tasks() # 发现任务文件每个app下的task.py
# getfiction/__init__.py
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
from .celery import app as celery_app
import pymysql
__all__ = ['celery_app']
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
# getfiction/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'django_celery_results',
'getsection',
'djcelery',
]安装redis并启动：Release 3.0.504 · microsoftarchive/redis (github.com)
安装redis、eventlet模块：pip install redis eventlet
安装celery相关模块
python
pip install celery django-celery django-celery-results启动测试报错：
1、cannot import name 'ugettext_lazy' from 'django.utils.translation'
"ugettext_lazy"已被 Django 3+ 弃用，所以需要修改django的源码，如下：
将ugettext_lazy使用gettext_lazy替代，修改如下：
python
# from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _重启项目，继续测试
2、ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'celery.five'
版本不兼容，将celery的版本降到 4.4.7
python
pip install celery==4.4.7重启项目，继续测试
3、cannot import name 'force_unicode' from 'django.utils.encoding'
处理方式同上述1， 将 force_unicode替换为 force_str
python
# from django.utils.encoding import force_unicode as force_text # noqa
from django.utils.encoding import force_str as force_text # noqa重启继续
4、except self._encode_error, exc:
anyjson不兼容python3，所以产生报错，下面会连续修改该模块相关源码，如下：
python
# GetFiction\venv\lib\site-packages\anyjson\__init__.py
88 except self._encode_error as exc:
89 raise (TypeError, TypeError(*exc.args), sys.exc_info()[2])
100 except self._decode_error as exc:
101 raise (ValueError, ValueError(*exc.args), sys.exc_info()[2])
120 print("Running anyjson as a stand alone script is not supported")
67 if isinstance(modinfo["encerror"], str):
69 if isinstance(modinfo["encerror"], str):5、from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _ 错误同 1，
6、from django.utils.translation import ungettext, ugettext as _ 与1类似
python
from django.utils.translation import gettext, gettext as _
# from django.utils.translation import ungettext, ugettext as _7、cannot import name 'force_unicode' from 'django.utils.encoding'
python
# venv/Lib/site-packages/djcelery/admin.py
from django.utils.encoding import force_str as force_text # noqa至此，修改源码部分完成
3、添加任务，执行，写入到数据库
数据库迁移
python
python manage.py makemigrations #生成迁移文件
python manage.py migrate #执行迁移，生成数据表创建发送任务视图函数：
python
# getsection/views.py
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from getfiction.settings import logger
from getsection.tasks import getfictioninfo
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
def index(request):
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch()
page = browser.new_page()
base_url = "https://www.83ks.org"
# https://www.83ks.org/read/196719/2535054.html 某一章的内容
page.goto(f"{base_url}/book/196719/")
element_href = page.query_selector_all("#list dl a")
novel_href_dic = {}
if element_href:
for i in element_href[:5]:
c = [i.get_attribute('href')] + i.get_attribute('title').split(" ")[:0:-1]
if len(c) < 3:
logger.error(str(c) + "该章节存在错误")
elif len(c) == 4:
c.remove("lwxs.com")
novel_href_dic[c[-1]] = c[:2]
else:
novel_href_dic[c[-1]] = c[:2]
browser.close()
for secindex, url_and_secname in novel_href_dic.items():
getfictioninfo.delay(secindex, url_and_secname)
return HttpResponse("OK")安装playwright模块：pip install playwright
python
# getsection/tasks.py
from __future__ import absolute_import
from celery import shared_task
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
from getfiction.settings import logger
@shared_task
def getfictioninfo(secindex, url_and_secname):
# 第68章 ['/read/196719/1660838.html', '势不可挡']
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch()
section_page = browser.new_page()
section_url = "https://www.83ks.org" + url_and_secname[0]
try:
section_page.goto(section_url)
except Exception as e:
logger.error(str(secindex) + str(e))
section_page_element = section_page.query_selector_all("#content p")
section_name = secindex + " " + url_and_secname[1] + "\n"
logger.info(section_name)
for i in section_page_element:
section_name += i.inner_text() + " "
return section_name启动celery：celery -A getfiction worker -l info -P eventlet
启动django：python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
访问首页，进行测试：
数据存储，如下：
django_celery_results_taskresult
存在的问题，版本存在不兼容的问题，尚需优化