ElasticSearch 高可用加密方案笔记

响应银行客户的内部安全要求：

所有数据库或基础服务，不得采用匿名方式访问。
所有数据库或基础服务，必须采用高可用方案。

于是有了本文。源代码

单节点实例

Shell 复制代码

docker run -d \
  --name es \
  --restart=always \
  --env "node.name=es" \
  --env "ELASTIC_PASSWORD=example" \
  --env discovery.type=single-node \
  --env "xpack.security.enabled=true" \
  --env "xpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled=true" \
  --env "xpack.license.self_generated.type=basic" \
  --publish 9200:9200 \
  --volume /hdd/es/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data \
  --volume /hdd/es/plugins:/usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins \
  --network "bank" \
  elasticsearch:7.17.6

默认的用户名为elastic，调用方式：

Shell 复制代码

 curl -X GET --user elastic:example 'http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v'
 curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/nodes?v=true&pretty"

上述命令，环境变量为最小配置。需要开启用户名和密码的验证xpack.security.enabled=true，开启安全后，transport.ssl.enabled必须也一并开启。xpack开启后，则需要指定license，basic为社区版本，trial为体验版，只有30天有效期。[1]

多节点实例

根据[2]可以直接实现集群设置，但是设置密码验证就复杂，主要：

需要密码验证，xpack的安全功能xpack.security.enabled=true
安全功能，必须开启传输SSLxpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled=true。到这里，单节点还好，因为没有节点之间的通讯，如果是集群，那么节点之间产生的通讯就会因此产生错误（如下），导致集群内的节点无法通信，所以必须开启xpack.security.http.ssl.enabled=true

vbnet 复制代码

ERROR: [1] bootstrap checks failed
[1]: Transport SSL must be enabled if security is enabled on a [basic] license. Please set [xpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled] to [true] or disable security by setting [xpack.security.enabled] to [false]
ERROR: Elasticsearch did not exit normally - check the logs at /usr/share/elasticsearch/logs/es-cluster.log

开启了(2)，没有证书是不可以的，必须要为集群配置证书

正确的配置步骤应该是：

用elasticsearch-certutil工具生成证书
配置所有节点引用生成的证书
配置健康验证命令

生成证书

工具可以批量生成节点证书（包括kibana节点），提前做好：

实例配置
环境变量配置（方便修改版本和密码等）

yaml 复制代码

# instance.yml
instances:
  - name: es01
    dns:
      - es01
      - localhost
    ip:
      - 127.0.0.1

  - name: es02
    dns:
      - es02
      - localhost
    ip:
      - 127.0.0.1

  - name: es03
    dns:
      - es03
      - localhost
    ip:
      - 127.0.0.1
# 根据需要添加
  - name: "kib01"
    dns:
      - kib01
      - localhost

.env 环境变量文件

dotenv 复制代码

COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME=es-cluster
CERTS_DIR=/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/certificates
VERSION=7.9.3
ELASTIC_PASSWORD=example

先用docker命令启动一个es容器，用来生成证书之用，命令（注意与后面的集群在同一个目录中）：

Shell 复制代码

docker run -it --rm \
  -v ${PWD}:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/certificates \
  -v ${PWD}/certs:/certs \
  --workdir /usr/share/elasticsearch \
  --name es-cert elasticsearch:7.9.3 \
  /bin/bash -c " \
    bin/elasticsearch-certutil cert --silent --pem --in config/certificates/instances.yml --out /certs/bundle.zip; \
    unzip /certs/bundle.zip -d /certs;
    rm /certs/bundle.zip;" -

这条命令的意图是启动es容器，执行es的证书工具，以上述instances.yml文件为集群配置，省去了交互过程。根据上面的配置生成证书集bundle.zip，再将其解压到certs文件夹中，完成上述动作后销毁容器。

启动集群

docker-compose.yml文件如下

yaml 复制代码

x-elastic-search: &elastic-search
  image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.9.3
  restart: always
  healthcheck:
    test: curl -k -u elastic:$ELASTIC_PASSWORD -silent --fail "https://localhost:9200/_cluster/health" || exit 1
  networks:
    - es-network
  ulimits:
    memlock:
      soft: -1
      hard: -1

services:
  es01:
    <<: *elastic-search
    container_name: es01
    hostname: es01
    environment:
      - node.name=es01
      - cluster.name=es-cluster
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true
      - discovery.seed_hosts=es02,es03
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=es01,es02,es03
      - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1g -Xmx1g"
      - ELASTIC_PASSWORD=$ELASTIC_PASSWORD
      - xpack.license.self_generated.type=basic
      - xpack.security.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.key=$CERTS_DIR/es01/es01.key
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.certificate_authorities=$CERTS_DIR/ca/ca.crt
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.certificate=$CERTS_DIR/es01/es01.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.verification_mode=certificate
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.certificate_authorities=$CERTS_DIR/ca/ca.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.certificate=$CERTS_DIR/es01/es01.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.key=$CERTS_DIR/es01/es01.key
    ports:
      - 9200:9200
    volumes:
      - ${PWD}/es-db1/:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
      - ${PWD}/certs:$CERTS_DIR
  es02:
    <<: *elastic-search
    container_name: es02
    hostname: es02
    environment:
      - node.name=es02
      - cluster.name=es-cluster
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true
      - discovery.seed_hosts=es01,es03
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=es01,es02,es03
      - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1g -Xmx1g"
      - ELASTIC_PASSWORD=$ELASTIC_PASSWORD
      - xpack.license.self_generated.type=basic
      - xpack.security.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.key=$CERTS_DIR/es02/es02.key
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.certificate_authorities=$CERTS_DIR/ca/ca.crt
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.certificate=$CERTS_DIR/es02/es02.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.verification_mode=certificate
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.certificate_authorities=$CERTS_DIR/ca/ca.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.certificate=$CERTS_DIR/es02/es02.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.key=$CERTS_DIR/es02/es02.key
    volumes:
      - ${PWD}/es-db2/:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
      - ${PWD}/certs:$CERTS_DIR
  es03:
    <<: *elastic-search
    container_name: es03
    hostname: es03
    environment:
      - node.name=es03
      - cluster.name=es-cluster
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true
      - discovery.seed_hosts=es01,es02
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=es01,es02,es03
      - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1g -Xmx1g"
      - ELASTIC_PASSWORD=$ELASTIC_PASSWORD
      - xpack.license.self_generated.type=basic
      - xpack.security.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.key=$CERTS_DIR/es03/es03.key
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.certificate_authorities=$CERTS_DIR/ca/ca.crt
      - xpack.security.http.ssl.certificate=$CERTS_DIR/es03/es03.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled=true
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.verification_mode=certificate
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.certificate_authorities=$CERTS_DIR/ca/ca.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.certificate=$CERTS_DIR/es03/es03.crt
      - xpack.security.transport.ssl.key=$CERTS_DIR/es03/es03.key
    volumes:
      - ${PWD}/es-db3/:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
      - ${PWD}/certs:$CERTS_DIR

networks:
  es-network:
    name: es-network
    driver: bridge

以上http.ssl和transport.ssl分别是客户端访问ssl和节点之间通信的ssl配置。每个节点有各自的证书配置路径（命令创建的）。如果上述的命令和过程没有出现错误状况，那么到这已经实现通过用户名和密码访问集群的功能。但是有些许缺憾：由于是自己生成的证书，不被认可；无论用curl还是浏览器直接访问，必须忽略验证问题。

添加证书

打开先前生成证书的目录：

点crt结尾的文件，会打开系统证书管理工具；
把ca、es01、es02....所访需要反问的证书添加到系统内；
将证书全部设置为信任；

再次打开网页后，就不会有证书问题。

反向代理

以上的方案虽然可以解决证书问题，但如果客户端情况比较复杂不好控制，或者有很多个客户端，没有企业证书，就会显得很麻烦。那么就在集群之前设置一个反向代理来解决这个问题，顺便把https转换为http。配置nginx.conf如下：

nginx.conf 复制代码

    upstream es {
      server es01:9200;
      server es02:9200;
      server es03:9200;
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        listen  [::]:80;
        server_name  localhost;

        ignore_invalid_headers off;

        client_max_body_size 0;

        proxy_buffering off;
        proxy_request_buffering off;

        location / {
            # root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
            # index  index.html index.htm;
            proxy_pass https://es;
            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
            proxy_set_header Authorization $http_authorization;
            # proxy_set_header Authorization "elastic example";

            # proxy_ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/nginx/certs/es01/es01.crt;
            proxy_ssl_verify off;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }
    }

将nginx和elasticsearch放在一个网络，即可解决证书问题的同时，顺手把负载均衡也一并做好了。参考[5]，第一次启动将create-cert取消注释，自动生成证书，后续再用可以将其注释。

参考

1\] [Install Elasticsearch with Docker \| Elasticsearch Guide \[7.17\] \| Elastic](https://link.juejin.cn?target=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elastic.co%2Fguide%2Fen%2Felasticsearch%2Freference%2F7.17%2Fdocker.html "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/docker.html") \[2\] [Running the Elastic Stack on Docker \| Getting Started \[7.17\] \| Elastic](https://link.juejin.cn?target=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elastic.co%2Fguide%2Fen%2Felastic-stack-get-started%2F7.17%2Fget-started-docker.html "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elastic-stack-get-started/7.17/get-started-docker.html") \[3\] [elasticsearch-certutil \| Elasticsearch Guide \[7.17\] \| Elastic](https://link.juejin.cn?target=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elastic.co%2Fguide%2Fen%2Felasticsearch%2Freference%2F7.17%2Fcertutil.html "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/certutil.html") \[4\] [License settings \| Elasticsearch Guide \[8.13\] \| Elastic](https://link.juejin.cn?target=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elastic.co%2Fguide%2Fen%2Felasticsearch%2Freference%2Fcurrent%2Flicense-settings.html "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/license-settings.html") \[5\] [docker-compose案例](https://link.juejin.cn?target=https%3A%2F%2Fgitee.com%2Fanuoxiang%2Fresearch-of-db-cluster%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Fes-cluster%2Fdocker-compose-security.yaml "https://gitee.com/anuoxiang/research-of-db-cluster/blob/main/es-cluster/docker-compose-security.yaml")