STM32HAL-最简单的长、短、多击按键框架

Ch_champion2024-06-03 11:18

目录

概述

一、开发环境

二、STM32CubeMx配置

三、编码

四、运行结果

五、总结

概述

本文章使用最简单的写法实现长、短、多击按键框架，非常适合移植各类型单片机，特别是资源少的芯片上。接下来将在stm32单片机上实现，只需占用1个定时器作为时钟扫描按键即可。

一、开发环境

1、硬件平台

STM32F401CEU6

内部Flash : 512Kbytes，SARM : 96 Kbytes

二、STM32CubeMx配置

2.1、系统时钟配置

2.2、下载调试配置

2.3、TIM配置（1ms中断）

2.4、usart1配置

2.5、生成代码

2.6、编译工程

三、编码

1、usart.c添加打印

cpp 复制代码 
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
#include "stdio.h"
#ifdef __GNUC__
  /* With GCC/RAISONANCE, small printf (option LD Linker->Libraries->Small printf
     set to 'Yes') calls __io_putchar() */
  #define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int __io_putchar(int ch)
#else
  #define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
#endif /* __GNUC__ */
/**
  * @brief  Retargets the C library printf function to the USART.
  * @param  None
  * @retval None
  */
PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE
{
  /* Place your implementation of fputc here */
  /* e.g. write a character to the EVAL_COM1 and Loop until the end of transmission */
  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0xFFFF);
 
  return ch;
}
 
int fgetc(FILE * f)
{
  uint8_t ch = 0;
  HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0xffff);
  return ch;
}

/* USER CODE END 1 */

2、tim1.c

cpp 复制代码 
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    tim.c
  * @brief   This file provides code for the configuration
  *          of the TIM instances.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "tim.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

TIM_HandleTypeDef htim1;

/* TIM1 init function */
void MX_TIM1_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_Init 0 */

  TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_Init 1 */
  htim1.Instance = TIM1;
  htim1.Init.Prescaler = 84-1;
  htim1.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim1.Init.Period = 1000-1;
  htim1.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim1.Init.RepetitionCounter = 0;
  htim1.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
  if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim1, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim1, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_Init 2 */

}

void HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* tim_baseHandle)
{

  if(tim_baseHandle->Instance==TIM1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_MspInit 0 */
    /* TIM1 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_TIM1_CLK_ENABLE();

    /* TIM1 interrupt Init */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn, 0, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_MspInit 1 */
  }
}

void HAL_TIM_Base_MspDeInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* tim_baseHandle)
{

  if(tim_baseHandle->Instance==TIM1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspDeInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_MspDeInit 0 */
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_TIM1_CLK_DISABLE();

    /* TIM1 interrupt Deinit */
    HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspDeInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_MspDeInit 1 */
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
#include "stdio.h"
#include "button.h"

int timeCount = 0;
int timeCount_1ms = 0;

SystemButtonObj sys_btn_obj;

void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim){
	if(htim->Instance == TIM1){
		timeCount++;
        timeCount_1ms++; 

        if ((timeCount_1ms % 10) == 0) {    //10ms
			timeCount_1ms = 0;
			
			GPIO_PinState PinState = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(KEY_GPIO_Port, KEY_Pin);	//down isr
			if ((PinState == false) && (sys_btn_obj.flag == false)) {
				sys_btn_obj.flag = true;
			}
			button_handler(&sys_btn_obj, PinState);
		}

		if(timeCount == 1000){
			timeCount = 0;
			//printf("time + 1s\n");
		}
	}
}

/* USER CODE END 1 */

3、在根目录创建button文件夹，分别有button.c、button.h文件组成。

1）、button.c文件

cpp 复制代码 
#include<stdbool.h>
#include "button.h"



void button_handler(SystemButtonObj *btn_obj, uint8_t press_state)
{
	//printf("btn_obj->flag:%d\r\n", btn_obj->flag);
	
	if (btn_obj->flag == false) {
		return;
	}	

	if (press_state == BUTTON_RELEASE) { //释放按键
		
		if ((btn_obj->dow_counter != 0) && (btn_obj->long_press == 1)) {
			btn_obj->long_press = 0;
			btn_obj->dow_counter = 0;
			return;
		}
		
		if (btn_obj->long_press == 1) {
			btn_obj->flag = false;
			return;
		}
		
		if (btn_obj->dow_counter > 2) {
			btn_obj->click_cnt++;
			//printf(" btn_obj->click_cnt %d, SHORT_PRESS_RELEASE_CNT %d LONG_PRESS_TRIGGER_TIME %d \r\n", btn_obj->click_cnt, SHORT_PRESS_RELEASE_CNT, LONG_PRESS_TRIGGER_TIME);
		}
		
		if (btn_obj->click_cnt) {
			btn_obj->up_counter++;
			
			if (btn_obj->up_counter > DOUBLE_PRESS_RELEASE_CNT) {  
				//printf(" btn_obj->up_counter %d SHORT_PRESS_RELEASE_CNT %d\r\n", btn_obj->up_counter, SHORT_PRESS_RELEASE_CNT);
				if (btn_obj->click_cnt == 1) {
					printf("counter %d, short \r\n", btn_obj->up_counter);
				} else if (btn_obj->click_cnt == 2) {
					printf("counter %d, double \r\n", btn_obj->up_counter);
				} else {
					printf("counter %d, multihit \r\n", btn_obj->up_counter);
				}
				btn_obj->click_cnt = 0;
				btn_obj->up_counter = 0;
				btn_obj->flag = false;
			}
		}
		
		btn_obj->dow_counter = 0; //清除计数变量
	} 
	
	if (press_state == btn_obj->press_status) { //低电平有效
		//printf(" hahahaha press_state %d \r\n", press_state);
		btn_obj->dow_counter++; //计算次数
		//printf("counter %d, press_state:%d\r\n", btn_obj->dow_counter, press_state);
		
		// 不松手的长按
		if ((btn_obj->dow_counter > LONG_PRESS_TRIGGER_TIME) && (btn_obj->long_press == 0)) {
			btn_obj->long_press = 1;
			sys_btn_obj.press_event = ET_LONG_PRESS_EVENT;
			printf("long press\r\n");
		}
		
		if (btn_obj->dow_counter > RESTART_TRIGGER_TIME) { //超长时间，重启事件
			printf("restart press\r\n");
			sys_btn_obj.press_event = ET_RESTART_PRESS_EVENT;
		}
		
	}
	
}


void key_event_handler(void)
{

    switch (sys_btn_obj.press_event)
    {
        case ET_IDLE_PRESS_EVENT:
            // printf("ET_IDLE_PRESS_EVENT\r\n");
            break;
        case ET_SHORT_PRESS_EVENT:
            printf("ET_SHORT_PRESS_EVENT\r\n");
            sys_btn_obj.press_event = ET_IDLE_PRESS_EVENT;
            break;
        case ET_DOUBLE_PRESS_EVENT:
            printf("ET_DOUBLE_PRESS_EVENT\r\n");
            sys_btn_obj.press_event = ET_IDLE_PRESS_EVENT;
            break;
        case ET_LONG_PRESS_EVENT:
            printf("ET_LONG_PRESS_EVENT\r\n");
            sys_btn_obj.press_event = ET_IDLE_PRESS_EVENT;
            break;
        case ET_RESTART_PRESS_EVENT:
            printf("ET_RESTART_PRESS_EVENT\r\n");
            sys_btn_obj.press_event = ET_IDLE_PRESS_EVENT;
            break;
        default :
            break;
    }
}

2）、button.h文件

cpp 复制代码 
#ifndef __BUTTON_H__
#define __BUTTON_H__


#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#define BUTTON_TIMER_INTERVAL		(50)
#define LONG_PRESS_TRIGGER_TIME		(1500 / BUTTON_TIMER_INTERVAL)
#define RESTART_TRIGGER_TIME		((8 * 1000) / BUTTON_TIMER_INTERVAL)
//#define SHORT_PRESS_RELEASE_CNT		(200 / BUTTON_TIMER_INTERVAL)
#define DOUBLE_PRESS_RELEASE_CNT	(400 / BUTTON_TIMER_INTERVAL)

enum {  
	BUTTON_PRESS = 0,  
	BUTTON_RELEASE = 1, 
};

typedef enum {
    ET_IDLE_PRESS_EVENT,
    ET_SHORT_PRESS_EVENT,
    ET_DOUBLE_PRESS_EVENT,
    ET_LONG_PRESS_EVENT,
    ET_RESTART_PRESS_EVENT,
}BTN_EVENT_TYPE;

typedef struct {
	uint8_t 		flag:1;
	uint8_t			press_status:1;
	uint8_t			long_press:1;
	uint8_t			double_press:1;
	uint8_t			click_cnt;
	uint8_t			up_counter;
	uint8_t			dow_counter;
	BTN_EVENT_TYPE  press_event;
} SystemButtonObj;

extern SystemButtonObj sys_btn_obj;


void button_handler(SystemButtonObj *btn_obj, uint8_t press_state);
void key_event_handler(void);


#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif

3）、main.c文件

cpp 复制代码 
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "iwdg.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
#include "button.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  MX_TIM1_Init();
//  MX_IWDG_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim1);
	printf("heihei button \r\n");
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
	  key_event_handler();
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
  */
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE2);

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSI|RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.LSIState = RCC_LSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 25;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 168;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

注意：keil上需要勾选Use MicroLIB，否则CubeMX生成的串口工程无法打印问题

四、运行结果

五、总结

好了，终于介绍完毕，以后裸机开发，有了按键框架方便很多，可移植到C51或者资源更少的芯片上，感谢参阅 ^_^。

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