PyQt5串口测试工具

笔者经常会遇到使用上位机进行相关测试的场景,但现成的上位机并不能完全满足自己的需求,或是上位机缺乏使用说明。所以,自己写?

环境说明

pycharm 2023.2.25

python 3.10

anaconda

环境配置

bash 复制代码
conda create -n envsram     ##新建虚拟环境,不用anaconda也行自己使用python新建都行
conda env list    ##查看虚拟环境及路径,方便修改python解释器路径
conda activate envsram    
conda install pyqt     ##安装pyqt5及依赖

designer    ##键入,以打开pyqt图像设计界面,设计完成后为.ui文件

pyuic5 -o ccm_Test.py .\Uartsendframe.ui    ##转换.ui文件为测试文件

pip install pyserial    ##我conda install失败了,直接用pip安装,为了上位机实现串口相关操作

代码测试

ui界面代码

python 复制代码
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file '.\Uartsendframe.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.10
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again.  Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets



class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(432, 476)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
        self.groupBox = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
        self.groupBox.setObjectName("groupBox")
        self.gridLayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.groupBox)
        self.gridLayout.setObjectName("gridLayout")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton, 0, 3, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox)
        self.pushButton2.setObjectName("pushButton2")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton2, 0, 4, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox)
        self.pushButton3.setObjectName("pushButton3")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton3, 0, 5, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox)
        self.pushButton4.setObjectName("pushButton4")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton4, 1, 5, 1, 1)
        self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.groupBox)
        self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.lineEdit, 1, 1, 1, 4)
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("宋体")
        font.setPointSize(9)
        self.label.setFont(font)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.label, 0, 0, 1, 1)
        self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox)
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.label_2, 1, 0, 1, 1)
        self.comboBox = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox)
        self.comboBox.setObjectName("comboBox")
        self.comboBox.addItem("")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.comboBox, 0, 1, 1, 2)
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.groupBox)
        self.groupBox_2 = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
        self.groupBox_2.setObjectName("groupBox_2")
        self.gridLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.groupBox_2)
        self.gridLayout_2.setObjectName("gridLayout_2")
        self.textEdit = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(self.groupBox_2)
        self.textEdit.setObjectName("textEdit")
        self.gridLayout_2.addWidget(self.textEdit, 0, 0, 1, 1)
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.groupBox_2)
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 322, 26))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        self.menu = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menubar)
        self.menu.setObjectName("menu")
        self.menu_2 = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menubar)
        self.menu_2.setObjectName("menu_2")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
        self.menubar.addAction(self.menu.menuAction())
        self.menubar.addAction(self.menu_2.menuAction())

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.comboBox.update) # type: ignore
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "串口sram测试工具v0.1"))
        self.groupBox.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "配置选项"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "刷新串口"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "串口选择:"))
        self.label_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文件路径:"))
        self.pushButton2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "串口打开"))
        self.pushButton3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "串口发送"))
        self.pushButton4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "选择文件"))
        self.comboBox.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "com"))
        self.groupBox_2.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "数据显示"))
        self.menu.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "帮助"))
        self.menu_2.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "关于"))

逻辑代码

这边在处理的时候有几个遇到的bug,

  1. 上位机需要一直接收,所以需要开一个线程用来持续接收。

  2. 界面更新太平凡容易卡死,所以起一个信号量来更新

python 复制代码
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QFileDialog
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal
from ccm_Test import Ui_MainWindow  
import time
import serial
import serial.tools.list_ports
import threading


class MyApp(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    data_received_signal = pyqtSignal(str)  # 定义信号,传递字符串数据
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)
        self.data_received_signal.connect(self.update_text_edit)  # 连接信号到槽
        self.pushButton_onclik()
        self.pushButton2_onclik()
        self.pushButton3_onclik()
        self.pushButton4_onclik()

    def update_text_edit(self, data):
        self.textEdit.append(data)  # 更新文本编辑器

    def pushButton_onclik(self):
        # self.mainop()
        def cao():
            print("已刷新串口。")
            self.textEdit.append('刷新')
            ports = serial.tools.list_ports.comports()
            self.comboBox.clear()  # 清空所有项
            for port, desc, hwid in sorted(ports):
                print(port, type(port),type(ports))
                self.comboBox.addItem(port)  # 添加新的项列表

            # print(ports[0], type(ports[0]))
            # try:
            #     self.comboBox.clear()  # 清空所有项
            #     self.comboBox.addItems()  # 添加新的项列表
            #
            #     print("Items added successfully.")
            # except Exception as e:
            #     print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(cao)

    def pushButton2_onclik(self):
        # self.mainop()
        def cao():
            global port_name
            global serial_port
            port_name = self.comboBox.currentText()
            baud_rate = 115200
            print(port_name)
            serial_port = self.open_serial(port_name, baud_rate)
            self.textEdit.append('打开'+port_name)

        self.pushButton2.clicked.connect(cao)

    def pushButton3_onclik(self):
        # self.mainop()
        ''' bootloader 使用了0x20000400开始的地址,0xC00大小的区间。共开了0x10000的堆栈。 '''
        hex_string = "1234"
        hex_string1 = "1235"
        hex_string2 = "123455" #"52312000" 2000是实际动态代码 map文件中main的起始地址
        hex_string3 = "123456"
        hex_data_to_send = bytes.fromhex(hex_string)
        hex_data_to_send1 = bytes.fromhex(hex_string1)
        hex_data_to_send2 = bytes.fromhex(hex_string2)
        hex_data_to_send3 = bytes.fromhex(hex_string3)

        def cao():
            try:
                thread = threading.Thread(target=self.read_serial, args=(serial_port,))
                thread.start()
            except serial.SerialException as e:
                print(f"open_serial : {e}")
            ## 第一条命令
            self.write_serial(serial_port, hex_data_to_send)
            self.textEdit.append('>> ' + hex_string)

            time.sleep(0.1)
            # rxbuff = self.read_serial(serial_port)
            # print(rxbuff)
            # self.textEdit.append('<< '+ rxbuff)

            ## 第二条命令
            self.write_serial(serial_port, hex_data_to_send1)
            self.textEdit.append('>> ' + hex_string1)

            time.sleep(0.1)
            # rxbuff = self.read_serial(serial_port)
            # print(rxbuff)
            # self.textEdit.append('<< '+ rxbuff)

            ## 第三条命令
            print(fileName)
            binfilecontent = self.read_bin_file(fileName)
            print(type(binfilecontent), binfilecontent)
            binfilecontent_len = len(binfilecontent)
            binfilecontent_len_hex = bytes.fromhex(self.int_to_hex16(binfilecontent_len))
            # print(binfilecontent_len_hex,type(binfilecontent_len_hex))
            # print(self.read_bin_file(fileName))
            self.write_serial(serial_port, hex_data_to_send2 + binfilecontent_len_hex + binfilecontent)
            self.textEdit.append('>> ' + hex_string2)

            time.sleep(0.1)
            # rxbuff = self.read_serial(serial_port)
            # self.textEdit.append('<< '+ rxbuff)

            ## 第四条命令
            self.write_serial(serial_port, hex_data_to_send3)
            self.textEdit.append('>> ' + hex_string3)

            time.sleep(0.1)
            # rxbuff = self.read_serial(serial_port)
            # if(rxbuff == None):
            #     self.textEdit.append('<< ' + 'None.')
            # else:
            #     self.textEdit.append('<< '+ rxbuff)

            # time.sleep(3)
            # rxbuff = 0
            # rxbuff = self.read_serial(serial_port)
            # self.textEdit.append('等待后续sram测试数据返回...')
            # self.textEdit.append('<< '+ rxbuff)
            # self.close_serial(serial_port)
            pass
        self.pushButton3.clicked.connect(cao)

    def pushButton4_onclik(self):
        # global fileName
        def cao():
            # 打开文件选择对话框
            options = QFileDialog.Options()
            options |= QFileDialog.DontUseNativeDialog
            global fileName
            fileName, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, "QFileDialog.getOpenFileName()", "",
                                                      "All Files (*);;Text Files (*.txt)", options=options)
            if fileName:
                self.lineEdit.setText(fileName)  # 将选择的文件路径设置到 QLineEdit
            pass

        self.pushButton4.clicked.connect(cao)

    # 打开串口
    def open_serial(self, port, baudrate):
        try:
            ser = serial.Serial(
                port, baudrate,
                parity=serial.PARITY_EVEN,  # 设置校验
                stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,  # 设置停止位
                bytesize=8,  # 数据位为 8 位
                timeout=0  # 超时设置 非阻塞
            )  # 打开串口
            print(f"Serial port {port} opened at {baudrate} baud.")
            # try:
            #     thread = threading.Thread(target=self.read_serial(ser), args=(ser,))
            #     thread.start()
            # except serial.SerialException as e:
            #     print(f"open_serial : {e}")

            return ser
        except serial.SerialException as e:
            print(f"Error opening serial port {port}: {e}")
            return None

    # 从串口读取数据
    def read_serial(self, ser):
        while True:
            if ser:
                try:
                    if ser.in_waiting > 0:
                        received_data = ser.read(ser.in_waiting)
                        received_hex = received_data.hex()
                        if (received_hex == None):
                            self.data_received_signal.emit('<< ' + received_hex)  # 发射信号('<< ' + 'None.')
                        else:
                            self.data_received_signal.emit('<< ' + received_hex)  # 发射信号
                        print("Received data (hex):", received_hex)
                        # return received_hex
                    else:
                        # print("No data received.")
                        pass
                except serial.SerialTimeoutException:
                    print("Read timeout occurred")
                except serial.SerialException as e:
                    print(f"Error during read: {e}")
                time.sleep(0.1)  # 短暂休眠以减少CPU负担

    # 向串口写入数据
    def write_serial(self, ser, data):
        if ser:
            try:
                successlen = ser.write(data)  # 发送数据
                print("successlen: ",successlen)
                print(f"Sent data: {data}")
                # self.textEdit.append('>> ' + data.encode('utf-8').hex())
            except serial.SerialException as e:
                print(f"Error sending data: {e}")

    # 关闭串口
    def close_serial(self, ser):
        if ser:
            ser.close()
            print("Serial port closed.")

    # 读取bin文件
    def read_bin_file(self, file_path):
        try:
            with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:
                return file.read()
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Failed to read file: {str(e)}")

    def int_to_hex16(self, value):
        if not (0 <= value <= 65535):
            raise ValueError("Integer value out of range for 16-bit representation")

        # 将整数转换为16位十六进制字符串
        hex_string = f"{value:04x}"
        return hex_string

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MyApp()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

界面示例

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