题目描述
给定一个仅包含数字 2-9 的字符串,返回所有它能表示的字母组合。答案可以按 任意顺序 返回。
给出数字到字母的映射如下(与电话按键相同)。注意 1 不对应任何字母。
解析
广度优先遍历或者深度优先遍历两种方式,广度优先类似构造一颗树形结构,子树就是当前节点加下一层数字对应的字母。
public List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
List<String> res = new ArrayList<>();
if (digits == null || digits.length() == 0) {
return res;
}
Map<Character, String> phoneMap = new HashMap<Character, String>() {{
put('2', "abc");
put('3', "def");
put('4', "ghi");
put('5', "jkl");
put('6', "mno");
put('7', "pqrs");
put('8', "tuv");
put('9', "wxyz");
}};
Queue<String> queue = new ArrayDeque<>();
queue.offer("");
for (int i = 0; i < digits.length(); i++) {
char curDigit = digits.charAt(i);
String curString = phoneMap.get(curDigit);
int size = queue.size();
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
String parentStr = queue.poll();
for (int k = 0; k < curString.length(); k++) {
queue.offer(parentStr + curString.charAt(k));
}
}
}
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
res.add(queue.poll());
}
return res;
}
深度优先遍历利用递归操作,使用一个变量去记录当前字符串的长度,达到长度后则放入结果数组中,使用字符数组可以直接覆盖回溯。
public static List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
List<String> res = new ArrayList<>();
if (digits == null || digits.length() == 0) {
return res;
}
Map<Character, String> phoneMap = new HashMap<Character, String>() {{
put('2', "abc");
put('3', "def");
put('4', "ghi");
put('5', "jkl");
put('6', "mno");
put('7', "pqrs");
put('8', "tuv");
put('9', "wxyz");
}};
char[] current = new char[digits.length()];
backtrack(res, phoneMap, digits, 0, current);
return res;
}
private static void backtrack(List<String> res, Map<Character, String> phoneMap, String digits, int index, char[] current) {
if (index == digits.length()) {
res.add(new String(current));
return;
}
char digit = digits.charAt(index);
String letters = phoneMap.get(digit);
for (int i = 0; i < letters.length(); i++) {
current[index] = letters.charAt(i);
backtrack(res, phoneMap, digits, index + 1, current);
}
}