先准备个简单的系统,配置和代码如下
yml
# 服务器配置
server:
# 服务器端口
port: 8001
# Spring Boot 配置
spring:
# MVC 配置
mvc:
# Servlet 配置
servlet:
# Servlet 的访问路径
path: /sbd
# 应用程序配置
application:
# 应用程序名称
name: SpringBootDeployment
# 配置数据源
datasource:
hikari:
transaction-isolation: 2
# 驱动类
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
# 数据库连接
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
# 用户名
username: root
# 密码
password: Ms123!@#
java
package com.sbd;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* Spring Boot 应用程序的主类。
* 使用@SpringBootApplication 注解标记这个类是一个 Spring Boot 的启动类。
* scanBasePackages 属性指定了 Spring Boot 自动扫描组件的包路径。
* @RestController 注解表示这个类是一个 REST 风格的控制器,用于处理 HTTP 请求。
*/
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = {"com.sbd"})
@RestController
public class SpringBootDeploymentApplication {
/**
* 处理 GET 请求的测试方法。
* 该方法使用 @GetMapping 注解来指定处理所有的 GET 请求。
* 方法返回一个字符串 "Hello World!",这个字符串将作为 HTTP 响应的内容返回给客户端。
* @param request HttpServletRequest 对象,代表当前的 HTTP 请求。虽然在这个方法中没有使用,但它可以用于访问请求的相关信息。
* @return 字符串 "Hello World!",作为 HTTP 响应的内容。
*/
@GetMapping("/test")
public String test(HttpServletRequest request){
return "Hello World!";
}
/**
* 应用程序的入口点。
* 这个方法使用 SpringApplication.run() 来启动 Spring Boot 应用程序。
* @param args 命令行参数,这些参数在启动应用程序时可以提供。
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootDeploymentApplication.class, args);
}
}
打包部署和运行SpringBoot项目
打包SpringBoot项目
假设MVN的系统环境已经配置好了,在命令行执行命令mvn clean package
即可打包
bash
PS D:\Programs\SpringBootDeployment\SpringBootDeployment> mvn clean package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ----------------------------< com.sbd:sdd >-----------------------------
[INFO] Building SpringBootDeployment 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] from pom.xml
[INFO] --------------------------------[ war ]---------------------------------
[WARNING] The artifact mysql:mysql-connector-java:jar:8.0.33 has been relocated to com.mysql:mysql-connector-j:jar:8.0.33: MySQL Connector/J artifacts moved to reverse-DNS compliant Maven 2+ coordinates.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- clean:3.3.2:clean (default-clean) @ sdd ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\Programs\SpringBootDeployment\SpringBootDeployment\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- resources:3.3.1:resources (default-resources) @ sdd ---
[INFO] Copying 1 resource from src\main\resources to target\classes
[INFO] Copying 0 resource from src\main\resources to target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- compiler:3.13.0:compile (default-compile) @ sdd ---
[INFO] Recompiling the module because of changed source code.
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files with javac [debug parameters release 17] to target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- resources:3.3.1:testResources (default-testResources) @ sdd ---
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Programs\SpringBootDeployment\SpringBootDeployment\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] Using auto detected provider org.apache.maven.surefire.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformProvider
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running com.sbd.SpringBootDeploymentApplicationTests
15:08:00.704 [main] INFO org.springframework.test.context.support.AnnotationConfigContextLoaderUtils -- Could not detect default configuration classes for test class [com.sbd.SpringBootDeploymentApplicationTests]: SpringBootDeploymentApplicationTests does not declare any static, non-private, non-final, nested classes annotated with @Configuration.
15:08:00.785 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper -- Found @SpringBootConfiguration com.sbd.SpringBootDeploymentApplication for test class com.sbd.SpringBootDeploymentApplicationTests
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v3.3.1)
2024-06-25T15:08:01.083+08:00 INFO 15232 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] c.s.SpringBootDeploymentApplicationTests : Starting SpringBootDeploymentApplicationTests using Java 17.0.1 with PID 15232 (started by EDY in D:\Programs\SpringBootDeployment\SpringBootDeployment)
2024-06-25T15:08:01.084+08:00 INFO 15232 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] c.s.SpringBootDeploymentApplicationTests : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2024-06-25T15:08:01.843+08:00 ERROR 15232 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener : An incompatible version [1.2.14] of the Apache Tomcat Native library is installed, while Tomcat requires version [1.2.34]
Loading class `com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'. This is deprecated. The new driver class is `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver'. The driver is automatically registered via the SPI and manual loading of the driver class is generally unnecessary.
2024-06-25T15:08:02.821+08:00 WARN 15232 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] .s.s.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration :
Using generated security password: f87a8981-a777-4a00-9f08-5b1cdd3ba15e
This generated password is for development use only. Your security configuration must be updated before running your application in production.
2024-06-25T15:08:02.834+08:00 INFO 15232 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] r$InitializeUserDetailsManagerConfigurer : Global AuthenticationManager configured with UserDetailsService bean with name inMemoryUserDetailsManager
2024-06-25T15:08:02.903+08:00 INFO 15232 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] o.s.b.a.e.web.EndpointLinksResolver : Exposing 1 endpoint beneath base path '/actuator'
2024-06-25T15:08:03.041+08:00 INFO 15232 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] c.s.SpringBootDeploymentApplicationTests : Started SpringBootDeploymentApplicationTests in 2.147 seconds (process running for 2.859)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Sharing is only supported for boot loader classes because bootstrap classpath has been appended
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 2.977 s -- in com.sbd.SpringBootDeploymentApplicationTests
[INFO]
[INFO] Results:
[INFO]
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- war:3.4.0:war (default-war) @ sdd ---
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp [sdd] in [D:\Programs\SpringBootDeployment\SpringBootDeployment\target\sdd-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Building war: D:\Programs\SpringBootDeployment\SpringBootDeployment\target\sdd-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war
[INFO]
[INFO] --- spring-boot:3.3.1:repackage (repackage) @ sdd ---
[INFO] Replacing main artifact D:\Programs\SpringBootDeployment\SpringBootDeployment\target\sdd-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war with repackaged archive, adding nested dependencies in BOOT-INF/.
[INFO] The original artifact has been renamed to D:\Programs\SpringBootDeployment\SpringBootDeployment\target\sdd-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war.original
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 38.456 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-06-25T15:08:36+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
然后在target路径下就能看到打好的包
这里之所以是war包而不是jar包,来自于pom.xml文件的配置内容<packaging>war</packaging>
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.sbd</groupId>
<artifactId>sdd</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>SpringBootDeployment</name>
<description>SpringBootDeployment</description>
<url/>
在编译器里也有相关的入口,直接操作也能编译,其实就是代替了命令行
运行SpringBoot项目
在命令行执行命令java -jar sdd-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war
bash
PS D:\Programs\SpringBootDeployment\SpringBootDeployment\target> java -jar sdd-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v3.3.1)
2024-06-25T15:23:20.760+08:00 INFO 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] c.sbd.SpringBootDeploymentApplication : Starting SpringBootDeploymentApplication v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT using Java 17.0.1 with PID 14836 (D:\Programs\SpringBootDeployment\SpringBootDeployment\target\sdd-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war started by EDY in D:\Programs\SpringBootDeployment\SpringBootDeployment\target)
2024-06-25T15:23:20.764+08:00 INFO 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] c.sbd.SpringBootDeploymentApplication : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2024-06-25T15:23:21.589+08:00 ERROR 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener : An incompatible version [1.2.14] of the Apache Tomcat Native library is installed, while Tomcat requires version [1.2.34]
2024-06-25T15:23:21.928+08:00 INFO 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port 8001 (http)
2024-06-25T15:23:21.936+08:00 INFO 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]
2024-06-25T15:23:21.937+08:00 INFO 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.1.25]
2024-06-25T15:23:22.433+08:00 INFO 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner : At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
2024-06-25T15:23:22.498+08:00 INFO 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2024-06-25T15:23:22.499+08:00 INFO 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1673 ms
Loading class `com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'. This is deprecated. The new driver class is `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver'. The driver is automatically registered via the SPI and manual loading of the driver class is generally unnecessary.
2024-06-25T15:23:23.231+08:00 WARN 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] .s.s.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration :
Using generated security password: cb547c22-4501-44e6-83f6-9391bee03cb8
This generated password is for development use only. Your security configuration must be updated before running your application in production.
2024-06-25T15:23:23.253+08:00 INFO 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] r$InitializeUserDetailsManagerConfigurer : Global AuthenticationManager configured with UserDetailsService bean with name inMemoryUserDetailsManager
2024-06-25T15:23:23.332+08:00 INFO 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] o.s.b.a.e.web.EndpointLinksResolver : Exposing 1 endpoint beneath base path '/actuator'
2024-06-25T15:23:23.451+08:00 INFO 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port 8001 (http) with context path '/'
2024-06-25T15:23:23.463+08:00 INFO 14836 --- [SpringBootDeployment] [ main] c.sbd.SpringBootDeploymentApplication : Started SpringBootDeploymentApplication in 3.116 seconds (process running for 3.46)
如果是需要部署到其他服务器上,例如Tomcat等等,直接将该war包复制过去,启动tomcat即可
项目的配置文件application.yml被打包到war包中,后续修改比较麻烦,不过Spring Boot 配置加载的优先级遵循一定的规则,以确保不同来源的配置能够合理地覆盖和互补。以下是Spring Boot配置加载的优先级列表,从高到低排列:
- 命令行参数:通过命令行直接传递给应用程序的参数(如
--spring.profiles.active=prod
)具有最高优先级 - JVM系统属性:通过 -D 参数设置的Java系统属性(例如
-Dspring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/test
) - 环境变量:以
SPRING_APPLICATION_JSON
形式存在的环境变量中的属性,这些属性通常以JSON格式定义 - 应用以外的配置文件:
- 当前目录下的
config
子目录中的配置文件(比如./config/application.yml
) - 当前目录下的配置文件(如
./application.yml
)
- 当前目录下的
- 打包内的配置文件:
classpath:/config/
目录下的配置文件(项目resources
目录下的config/
文件夹中)classpath:/
根目录下的配置文件(项目resources
目录的根文件中,如application.yml
)
- 默认配置:
Spring Boot
自带的默认配置,位于其自动配置模块中
如果在多个位置都定义了相同的配置项,那么优先级高的配置会覆盖优先级低的配置。例如,如果在命令行参数中设置了某个属性,那么这个属性的值将覆盖所有其他位置的相同属性值。
此外,Spring Boot 支持多环境配置,通过命名约定(如 application-{profile}.yml
)来区分不同环境的配置,其中{profile}
是激活的配置文件名(如 dev、prod
)。当激活特定的配置文件时,对应环境的配置会根据上述优先级规则进行加载,并且可以在不同环境之间进行切换而不需要更改主要的配置文件。
根据加载顺序,比较典型的场景就是命令行的参数优先级大于配置文件,那么在命令行添加参数是可以覆盖配置文件的
外部配置文件优先级大于war包内的配置文件,因此在war包同路径下再建一个application.yml,写进新的配置也可以覆盖war包内的配置文件的配置
Spring Boot Actuator
Spring Boot Actuator 是一种度量,可以实时监控SpringBoot项目的健康状况,通过请求Actuator的端点,可以查看项目运行时不同的信息,比如JVM运行情况,项目是否正常、项目的配置和SpringIoC容器的内容,要是用该工具需要引入如下依赖
xml
<!-- 引入Spring Boot的Actuator模块 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
当我们引入了这个依赖到项目中后,SpringBoot就会提供对应的端点供我们查看项目运行的情况,在application.yml
里还需要增加一个对应的配置
yml
# 该文档描述了一个Spring Boot应用程序的部署信息
info:
# 应用程序的标识部分,包含名称、描述和版本
application:
# 应用程序的名称
name: SpringBootDeployment
# 应用程序的描述,此处与名称相同,可能是为了强调
description: SpringBootDeployment
# 应用程序的版本号
version: 1.0.0
# 配置管理端点的暴露设置# 使用"*"表示暴露所有端点,可以根据实际需求调整包括的端点列表。
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
# 表示除了env以外全部暴露
include: "*"
exclude: "env"
# 信息配置部分,用于存储和管理应用程序的环境信息
info:
# 环境配置,定义了当前运行环境是否启用某些特定功能或设置
env:
# 是否启用,true表示启用,false表示禁用, 默认为false,在请求info端点的时候显示为空
enabled: true
启动项目之后,访问页面/sdb/actuator/health
便可以看到相关信息
Actuator端点
Actuator的端点会以ANT风格的路径/actuator/{端点}
提供,如下是SpringBoot3.0的一些端点,这个东西很变态,每个版本都有所不同,例如是否默认启用,配置格式什么的
保护Actuator端点
有些端点不能随意暴露给别人看,但又需要暴露出来给需要的人看,因此需要增加一层安全机制,为此需要引入如下依赖
xml
<!-- 引入Spring Boot的Security模块,用于应用程序的安全性管理。 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入Tomcat的Jasper引擎,用于处理JSP页面。 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
</dependency>
spring-boot-starter-security
也需要tomcat-embed-jasper
因此一起引入,然后需要编写一个安全认证类来限制请求的权限,代码如下
java
package com.sbd.config;
import org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.security.servlet.EndpointRequest;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
/**
* 安全配置类,继承自WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter,用于配置Spring Security。
*/
@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
/**
* 使用BCryptPasswordEncoder作为密码编码器。
* @return 返回BCryptPasswordEncoder实例。
*/
@Bean // 密码编码器
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {return passwordEncoder;}
/**
* 配置认证管理器,用于设置内存中的用户认证信息。
* @param auth AuthenticationManagerBuilder的实例,用于配置认证信息。
* @throws Exception 如果配置出错,抛出异常。
*/
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
// 使用内存存储
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
// 设置密码编码器
.passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder)
// 注册用户admin,密码为abc,并赋予USER和ADMIN的角色权限
.withUser("admin")
// 可通过passwordEncoder.encode("abc")得到加密后的密码
.password(passwordEncoder.encode("a123456"))
// 赋予角色ROLE_USER和ROLE_ADMIN
.roles("ADMIN");
}
/**
* 配置HTTP安全设置,用于定义哪些URL需要安全访问。
* @param http HttpSecurity的实例,用于配置HTTP安全设置。
* @throws Exception 如果配置出错,抛出异常。
*/
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
// 限定签名后的权限
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/sbd/actuator/**", "/sbd/admin/**")
.hasAnyRole("ADMIN")
.anyRequest().permitAll()
.and().anonymous()
.and().formLogin();
}
}
启动项目便会,再次访问端点,便会弹出登录窗口
自定义端点
有时候我们要加入自己的端点,例如DataSource端点,用于监控数据库的健康情况,代码如下
java
package com.sbd.endpoint;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.annotation.Endpoint;
import org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.annotation.ReadOperation;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
@Endpoint(id = "database", enableByDefault = true)
public class DatabaseEndpoint {
@Value("${spring.datasource.driver-class-name}")
private String driverClassName = null;;
@Value("${spring.datasource.url}")
private String url = null;
@Value("${spring.datasource.username}")
private String username = null;
@Value("${spring.datasource.password}")
private String password = null;
// 测试SQL
private static final String TEST_SQL = "select 1 from dual";
// 一个端点只能存在一个@ReadOperation标注的方法
// 它代表的是HTTP的GET请求
@ReadOperation
public Map<String, Object> test() {
Connection conn = null;
Map<String, Object> msgMap = new HashMap<>();
try {
Class.forName(driverClassName);
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
// 执行测试SQL
conn.createStatement().executeQuery(TEST_SQL);
msgMap.put("success", true);
msgMap.put("message", "测试数据库连接成功");
} catch (Exception ex) {
msgMap.put("success", false);
msgMap.put("message", ex.getMessage());
} finally {
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close(); // 关闭数据库连接
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return msgMap;
}
}
@Endpoint
注解声明该类为Actuator的一个端点
@ReadOperation
注解标识该端点为读取端点,对应HTTP的GET请求
@WriteOperation
注解标识该端点为写入端点,对应HTTP的POST请求
@DeleteOperation
注解标识该端点为删除端点,对应HTTP的DELETE请求
将自定义端点加入配置
yml
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
# 表示除了env以外全部暴露
include: "*"
exclude: "env"
endpoint:
database:
enabled: true
访问该端点
健康指标项
health端点只显示服务器的状态,要显示更多的指标,需要进一步配置management.endpoint.health.showdetails
,该配置项存在三个选项即never
、always
、when-authorized
,第一个为默认值,不显示指标项,第二个显示所有指标项,第三个需要认证后显示指标项
修改一下配置文件,将配置添加进去
yml
# 配置管理端点的暴露设置# 使用"*"表示暴露所有端点,可以根据实际需求调整包括的端点列表。
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
# 表示除了env以外全部暴露
include: "*"
exclude: "env"
endpoint:
database:
enabled: true
health:
enabled: true
show-details: when_authorized
roles: "ADMIN"
然后再次访问health端点即可
health端点还可以添加如下指标项,但需要在pom中引入对应的Spring Boot启动器(starter)最好对应的配置,指标才会自动启用
自定义指标项
java
package com.sbd.indicator;
import org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.health.ConditionalOnEnabledHealthIndicator;
import org.springframework.boot.actuate.health.AbstractHealthIndicator;
import org.springframework.boot.actuate.health.Health;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.net.InetAddress;
// 当配置项management.health.www.enabled为true时才展示指标项
@ConditionalOnEnabledHealthIndicator("www")
/**
* 指标项名称,是根据Bean名称来决定的,比如Bean名称为xxxHealthIndicator,那么指标项名称就为xxx。
* 本例如果使用默认的类名为Bean名称,则指标项名称为internet
* 这里重新定义Bean名称为wwwHealthIndicator,则指标项为名称为www
*/
@Component(value="wwwHealthIndicator")
public class InternetHealthIndicator extends AbstractHealthIndicator {
// 通过监测腾讯服务器,看能否访问互联网
private final static String QQ_HOST = "www.qq.com";
// 超时时间为5s
private final static int TIMEOUT = 5000;
@Override
protected void doHealthCheck(Health.Builder builder) throws Exception {
// 监测腾讯服务器
boolean status = ping();
if (status) {
// 健康指标为可用状态,并添加一个消息项
builder.withDetail("message", "当前服务器可以访问万维网。").up();
} else {
// 健康指标为不再提供服务,并添加一个消息项
builder.withDetail("message", "当前无法访问万维网").outOfService();
}
}
// 监测腾讯服务器能够访问,用以判断能否访问万维网
private boolean ping() throws Exception {
try {
// 当返回值是true时,说明host是可用的,是false则不可用
return InetAddress.getByName(QQ_HOST).isReachable(TIMEOUT);
} catch (Exception ex) {
return false;
}
}
}
实现指标项的开发可以通过HealthIndicator接口或者继承抽象类AbstractHealthIndicator,而实际上AbstractHealthIndicator也实现了HealthIndicator接口
SpringBoot测试
基本的测试可参考文章单元测试系列[v1.0.0][SpringBootTest]
使用随机端口测试REST风格的请求
java
package com.sbd.controller;
import com.sbd.SpringBootDeploymentApplication;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.Extensions;
import org.mockito.BDDMockito;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
// 驱动Spring Boot Test工作,并指明启动类
@SpringBootTest(
// 入口类
classes = SpringBootDeploymentApplication.class,
// 使用随机端口
webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class TestControllerTest {
// 注入控制器
@Autowired
private TestController testController = null;
// 测试方法
@Test
public void testHello() {
String result = testController.hello("Jim");
System.out.println(result);
Assert.notNull(result, "判定结果为空(null)");
}
// 注入TestRestTemplate对象
@Autowired
private TestRestTemplate restTemplate = null;
// 测试方法
@Test
public void testRestHello() {
// 简写的URL,无需写出服务器IP和端口
String url = "/sbd/test/hello/{name}";
String value = "Jim";
// 通过REST风格请求获取结果
String result = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class, "Jim");
System.out.println(result);
Assert.notNull(result, "判定结果为空(null)");
}
}
Mock测试
java
package com.sbd.controller;
import com.sbd.SpringBootDeploymentApplication;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.mockito.BDDMockito;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
// 驱动Spring Boot Test工作,并指明启动类
@SpringBootTest(
// 入口类
classes = SpringBootDeploymentApplication.class,
// 使用随机端口
webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class MockControllerTest {
// 注入TestRestTemplate对象
@Autowired
// 标注为Mock测试的对象
@MockBean
private TestRestTemplate restTemplate = null;
@Test
public void testMock() {
// 简写的URL,无需写出服务器IP和端口
String url = "/sbd/mock/unsupport/{value}";
// 虚拟结果对象
String mockResult = "该方法未实现,有待后续再测";
// 参数
String value = "mock";
// 对Mock对象进行声明调用的方法和参数
BDDMockito.given(restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class, value))
// 使用自定义的虚拟对象,取代方法返回的结果
.willReturn(mockResult);
// 通过REST风格请求获取结果(会被虚拟结果对象取代)
String result = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class, value);
System.out.println(result);
Assert.notNull(result, "判定结果为空(null)");
}
}