华为路由器SSH登录实验

概念

SSH全称安全外壳（Secure Shell）协议，这个协议的目的就是为了取代缺乏机密性保障的远程管理协议，SSH基于TCP协议的加密通道，让客户端使用服务器的RSA公钥来验证SSHv2服务器的身份。

创建密钥对

在充当SSH服务器的路由器上创建本地密钥对；本例中是AR1充当服务器，AR4充当客户端。

密钥对是一个公钥一个密钥，信息用公钥加密就用私钥解密，服务器会将公钥给客户端，客户端使用私钥加密数据之后，数据只能服务器的私钥才能解开，确保了数据安全性。

$AR1$ rsa local-key-pair create

The key name will be: Host

% RSA keys defined for Host already exist.

Confirm to replace them? (y/n) $n$ :y

The range of public key size is (512 ~ 2048).

NOTES: If the key modulus is greater than 512,

It will take a few minutes.

Input the bits in the modulus $default = 512$ :512

Generating keys...

.............++++++++++++

.++++++++++++

................................................................................

.................++++++++

.........++++++++

启用SSH服务器进程

路由器默认 SSH服务是没开启的，需要手动开启。

$AR1$ stelnet server enable

Info: Succeeded in starting the STELNET server.

修改VTY虚拟接口的入站协议

SSH协议支持的认证模式只有aaa

$AR1$ user-interface vty 0 4

$AR1-ui-vty0-4$ authentication-mode aaa

VTY接口允许接受的入站协议修改为SSH

$AR1-ui-vty0-4$ protocol inbound ssh

设置aaa参数

创建的用户名为user1，密码为huawei

$AR1$ aaa

$AR1-aaa$ local-user user1 password cipher huawei

Info: Add a new user.

指定这个用户使用的协议，只能是ssh

$AR1-aaa$ local-user user1 service-type ssh

设置SSH的认证类型

$AR1$ ssh user user1 authentication-type ?

all All authentication, password or RSA

password Password authentication

password-rsa Both password and RSA

rsa RSA authentication

$AR1$ ssh user user1 authentication-type password

Authentication type setted, and will be in effect next time

AR4（client）访问AR1（Server）

尝试连接时系统提示错误同时要求管理员运行， "ssh client first-time enable" 才能开启首次访问功能，没有这条命令那么服务器发给客户端的公钥，客户端无法保存，所以这才命令在SSH客户端上必不可少。

$AR4$ stelnet 192.168.28.1

Please input the username:user1

Trying 192.168.28.1 ...

Press CTRL+K to abort

Connected to 192.168.28.1 ...

Error: Failed to verify the server's public key.

Please run the command "ssh client first-time enable"to enable the first-time ac

cess function and try again.

会报错

启用SSH首次访问功能并连接SSH服务器

$AR4$ ssh client first-time enable

$AR4$ stelnet 192.168.28.1

Please input the username:user1

Trying 192.168.28.1 ...

Press CTRL+K to abort

Connected to 192.168.28.1 ...

The server is not authenticated. Continue to access it? (y/n) $n$ :y

Mar 28 2023 17:25:32-08:00 AR4 %%01SSH/4/CONTINUE_KEYEXCHANGE(l) $0$ :The server h

ad not been authenticated in the process of exchanging keys. When deciding wheth

er to continue, the user chose Y.
$AR4$
Save the server's public key? (y/n) $n$ :y

The server's public key will be saved with the name 192.168.28.1. Please wait...

Mar 28 2023 17:25:34-08:00 AR4 %%01SSH/4/SAVE_PUBLICKEY(l) $1$ :When deciding whet

her to save the server's public key 192.168.28.1, the user chose Y.
$AR4$
Enter password:

<AR1>

查看SSH状态、SSH访问情况

在服务器上查看SSH状态，显示SSH的版本，显示SSH的功能是否启用

$AR1$ display ssh server status

SSH version :1.99

SSH connection timeout :60 seconds

SSH server key generating interval :0 hours

SSH Authentication retries :3 times

SFTP Server :Disable

Stelnet server :Enable

查看会话

$AR1$ display ssh server session

Conn Ver Encry State Auth-type Username

VTY 1 2.0 AES run password user1

$AR1$