docker基础命令

安装及使用docker

docker安装

shell 复制代码

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
curl -o docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sed -i 's@https://download.docker.com@https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce@g' docker-ce.repo

yum -y install docker-ce

docker加速

docker-ce的配置文件是/etc/docker/daemon.json，此文件默认不存在，需要我们手动创建并进行配置，而docker的加速就是通过配置此文件来实现的。

docker的加速有多种方式：

docker cn
中国科技大学加速器
阿里云加速器（需要通过阿里云开发者平台注册帐号，免费使用个人私有的加速器）

阿里云平台域名：www.aliyun.com

登录平台后进入控制台

点击这三条杠

搜索容器镜像服务

配置加速器

shell 复制代码

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker    #docker目录启动docker服务后自动存在
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://lgc3bg0m.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

查看加速器

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker info  #使用这个命令
.......
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://lgc3bg0m.mirror.aliyuncs.com/    #能看到这个就是加速器配置成功
 Live Restore Enabled: false

[root@localhost ~]# docker info

查看drocker的版本号

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           24.0.7
 API version:       1.43
 Go version:        go1.20.10
 Git commit:        afdd53b
 Built:             Thu Oct 26 09:09:18 2023
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          24.0.7
  API version:      1.43 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.20.10
  Git commit:       311b9ff
  Built:            Thu Oct 26 09:08:20 2023
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.6.24
  GitCommit:        61f9fd88f79f081d64d6fa3bb1a0dc71ec870523
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.9
  GitCommit:        v1.1.9-0-gccaecfc
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0
[root@localhost ~]#

docker常用操作

命令	功能
docker search	去官方仓库搜索镜像
docker pull	下载镜像至本地
docker images	查看下载的镜像
docker create	创建容器，这种创建的容器不能在外面访问
docker start	启动容器
docker run	创建一个新的容器并运行
docker attach	Attach to a runninng container
docker ps	查看启动的容器加-a查看所有容器
docker logs	查看容器日志
docker restart	重启容器
docker stop	停止容器
docker kill	杀死进程
docker rm	删除容器 rmi删除镜像
docker exec	进入容器
docker info	查看容器信息
docker inspect	查看容器和镜像的详细信息
docker tag	标记本地镜像，将其归入某一仓库。

查看当前仓库的镜像

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
[root@localhost ~]#

拉取镜像

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull httpd    #拉取httpd镜像
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete 
dcc4698797c8: Pull complete 
41c22baa66ec: Pull complete 
67283bbdd4a0: Pull complete 
d982c879c57e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0954cc1af252d824860b2c5dc0a10720af2b7a3d3435581ca788dff8480c7b32
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
docker.io/library/httpd:latest
[root@localhost ~]#  
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
httpd        latest    dabbfbe0c57b   22 months ago   144MB
[root@localhost ~]#

创建容器

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker create --name httpd dabbfbe0c57b  #create创建容器名字是httpd可以使用ID也可以用名字
8542a6a3ec326ac0b24458633bcefd33837ee0c64bef8c2912dc91426bcc4811
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps    #此时容器还没有启动
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]#

启动容器

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker start 8542a6a3ec32   #启动容器，使用容器ID启动
8542a6a3ec32
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps    #查看已经启动的容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND              CREATED         STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
8542a6a3ec32   dabbfbe0c57b   "httpd-foreground"   2 minutes ago   Up 10 seconds   80/tcp    httpd
[root@localhost ~]#                                                          正在运行在容器的80端口号上

查看容器是否使用成功

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# ip a
......
3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:88:d2:c5:7d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0   #网桥的ip地址是172.17.0.1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:88ff:fed2:c57d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
......
[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.2   #所以第一个启动的容器ip是172.17.0.2
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>        #访问成功
[root@localhost ~]#

查看容器信息

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect httpd
......
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",         #ip
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
......

重启容器

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps    #这个容器是12分钟前启动的
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
8542a6a3ec32   dabbfbe0c57b   "httpd-foreground"   14 minutes ago   Up 12 minutes   80/tcp    httpd
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart httpd   #重启容器
httpd
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps     #启动时间变成4秒前
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
8542a6a3ec32   dabbfbe0c57b   "httpd-foreground"   15 minutes ago   Up 4 seconds   80/tcp    httpd
[root@localhost ~]#

停止容器

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop httpd
httpd
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps   #发现没有容器正在运行
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
8542a6a3ec32   dabbfbe0c57b   "httpd-foreground"   18 minutes ago   Exited (0) 5 seconds ago             httpd
[root@localhost ~]#

杀死进程

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker kill httpd
httpd
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
8542a6a3ec32   dabbfbe0c57b   "httpd-foreground"   20 minutes ago   Exited (137) 1 second ago             httpd                                                               #状态码137表示不正常退出，90表示正常退出
[root@localhost ~]#

创建一个可以在外面访问的容器

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web -p 80:80 httpd    
         #创建一个新容器名为web -p 将容器80端口映射到主机80端口，使用httpd镜像
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Fri Nov 03 03:36:23.587791 2023] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139709650111808] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Fri Nov 03 03:36:23.587924 2023] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 139709650111808] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
192.168.10.10 - - [03/Nov/2023:03:36:43 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
192.168.10.10 - - [03/Nov/2023:03:36:43 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 196
192.168.10.10 - - [03/Nov/2023:03:37:35 +0000] "-" 408 -

#这种方式运行的容器不能关闭必须保存在前台工作，只能另开终端

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS                       PORTS                               NAMES
a7bdfe241b16   httpd          "httpd-foreground"   2 minutes ago    Up 2 minutes                 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   web
8542a6a3ec32   dabbfbe0c57b   "httpd-foreground"   28 minutes ago   Exited (137) 7 minutes ago                                       httpd
[root@localhost ~]#

访问主机ip 80端口

创建一个在后台跑的容器

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name web1 -p 8080:80 httpd      #-d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID
b3133d7bfcee4ba2c73b87e098bd70a63b87a5d2ccfbdcd0a4a1adf866071aa7
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                   NAMES
b3133d7bfcee   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   12 seconds ago   Up 11 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   web1
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                   NAMES
b3133d7bfcee   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   12 seconds ago   Up 11 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   web1
[root@localhost ~]#

查看日志

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs web1
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Fri Nov 03 06:59:04.489863 2023] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140559679032640] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Fri Nov 03 06:59:04.490013 2023] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140559679032640] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
192.168.10.10 - - [03/Nov/2023:07:06:50 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
192.168.10.10 - - [03/Nov/2023:07:06:50 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 196
192.168.10.10 - - [03/Nov/2023:07:07:42 +0000] "-" 408 -
[root@localhost ~]#

删除容器和镜像

删除容器

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps   查看正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                   NAMES
b3133d7bfcee   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   web1
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop b3133d7bfcee   #先停止容器
b3133d7bfcee
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps   #再次查看，容器没有运行
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm b3133d7bfcee   #删除容器
b3133d7bfcee
[root@localhost ~]#

删除镜像

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker images    #查看镜像
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
httpd        latest    dabbfbe0c57b   22 months ago   144MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi dabbfbe0c57b     #rmi删除镜像
Untagged: httpd:latest
Untagged: httpd@sha256:0954cc1af252d824860b2c5dc0a10720af2b7a3d3435581ca788dff8480c7b32
Deleted: sha256:dabbfbe0c57b6e5cd4bc089818d3f664acfad496dc741c9a501e72d15e803b34
Deleted: sha256:0e16a5a61bcb4e6b2bb2d746c2d6789d6c0b66198208b831f74b52198d744189
Deleted: sha256:f79670638074ff7fd293e753c11ea2ca0a2d92ab516d2f6b0bac3f4c6fed5d86
Deleted: sha256:189d55cdd18e4501032bb700a511c2d69c82fd75f1b619b5218ea6870e71e4aa
Deleted: sha256:cb038ed3e490a8c0f195cf135ac0d27dd8d3872598b1cb858c2666f2dae95a61
Deleted: sha256:2edcec3590a4ec7f40cf0743c15d78fb39d8326bc029073b41ef9727da6c851f
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
[root@localhost ~]#

进入容器

使用docker attach命令进入容器不能使用终端

[root@localhost ~]# docker attach web

使用docker exec命令进入容器

-d :分离模式: 在后台运行

-i :即使没有附加也保持STDIN 打开

-t :分配一个伪终端

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name web httpd     #启动容器
53aca96b9e169e3c0f5db3447b4c633eebb6dff2a54a98fd83eff443861b177d
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it web /bin/bash    #进入容器
root@53aca96b9e16:/usr/local/apache2#

在另一个终端访问

shell 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@localhost ~]#

创建新的镜像

docker tag : 标记本地镜像，将其归入某一仓库。

语法

shell 复制代码

docker tag [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG] [REGISTRYHOST/][USERNAME/]NAME[:TAG]

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
httpd        latest    dabbfbe0c57b   22 months ago   144MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag httpd:latest hte666/httpd:v1.0
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY     TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hte666/httpd   v1.0      dabbfbe0c57b   22 months ago   144MB
httpd          latest    dabbfbe0c57b   22 months ago   144MB
[root@localhost ~]# 

"Cmd": [
                "/opt/apache/bin/httpd",
                "-X",
                "-D",
                "FOREGROUND"
            ],
            "Image": "dd2f9d68fb98",