使用 Azure SDK for Python 进行 Azure 服务操作可以简化对 Azure 云资源的管理和操作。Azure SDK 提供了丰富的 API 来访问 Azure 的各种服务,包括虚拟机、存储、数据库等。以下是使用 Azure SDK for Python 的基本步骤,包括设置、操作和一些常见服务的示例。
1. 安装 Azure SDK for Python
Azure SDK for Python 包含多个库,每个库针对不同的 Azure 服务。以下是一些常用库的安装命令:
-
Azure 存储 Blob
bashpip install azure-storage-blob
-
Azure 虚拟机 (Compute)
bashpip install azure-mgmt-compute
-
Azure SQL 数据库
bashpip install azure-mgmt-sql
-
Azure Key Vault
bashpip install azure-keyvault-secrets
2. 配置认证
Azure SDK for Python 使用 Azure 认证来访问资源。你可以使用以下方式之一来配置认证:
1. 使用 Azure CLI 配置
如果你已经使用 Azure CLI 登录到你的账户,SDK 会自动使用这些凭证。只需确保你已经登录:
bash
az login
2. 使用服务主体
你可以创建一个 Azure 服务主体,并使用其凭证来配置认证。首先,创建服务主体:
bash
az ad sp create-for-rbac --name your-service-principal-name --sdk-auth
这将返回一个 JSON 格式的凭证,你可以在代码中使用它:
python
from azure.identity import ClientSecretCredential
credential = ClientSecretCredential(
tenant_id='your-tenant-id',
client_id='your-client-id',
client_secret='your-client-secret'
)
3. 使用环境变量
你也可以通过设置环境变量来配置认证:
bash
export AZURE_CLIENT_ID=your-client-id
export AZURE_TENANT_ID=your-tenant-id
export AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET=your-client-secret
3. 使用 Azure SDK for Python 进行服务操作
以下是一些常见 Azure 服务的操作示例:
Azure 存储 Blob
-
列出所有 Blob
pythonfrom azure.storage.blob import BlobServiceClient def list_blobs(container_name): connection_string = 'your-connection-string' blob_service_client = BlobServiceClient.from_connection_string(connection_string) container_client = blob_service_client.get_container_client(container_name) blob_list = container_client.list_blobs() for blob in blob_list: print(blob.name) list_blobs('your-container-name')
-
上传文件到 Blob
pythonfrom azure.storage.blob import BlobServiceClient def upload_blob(container_name, blob_name, file_path): connection_string = 'your-connection-string' blob_service_client = BlobServiceClient.from_connection_string(connection_string) container_client = blob_service_client.get_container_client(container_name) blob_client = container_client.get_blob_client(blob_name) with open(file_path, "rb") as data: blob_client.upload_blob(data) print(f"File {file_path} uploaded to {blob_name}.") upload_blob('your-container-name', 'your-blob-name', 'path/to/local/file')
Azure 虚拟机 (Compute)
-
列出所有虚拟机
pythonfrom azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential from azure.mgmt.compute import ComputeManagementClient def list_vms(subscription_id): credential = DefaultAzureCredential() compute_client = ComputeManagementClient(credential, subscription_id) vm_list = compute_client.virtual_machines.list_all() for vm in vm_list: print(vm.name) list_vms('your-subscription-id')
-
启动虚拟机
pythonfrom azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential from azure.mgmt.compute import ComputeManagementClient def start_vm(resource_group_name, vm_name, subscription_id): credential = DefaultAzureCredential() compute_client = ComputeManagementClient(credential, subscription_id) async_vm_start = compute_client.virtual_machines.begin_start(resource_group_name, vm_name) async_vm_start.result() # Wait for the operation to complete print(f"VM {vm_name} started.") start_vm('your-resource-group', 'your-vm-name', 'your-subscription-id')
Azure SQL 数据库
-
列出所有 SQL 数据库
pythonfrom azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential from azure.mgmt.sql import SqlManagementClient def list_sql_databases(subscription_id, resource_group_name): credential = DefaultAzureCredential() sql_client = SqlManagementClient(credential, subscription_id) databases = sql_client.databases.list_by_resource_group(resource_group_name) for db in databases: print(db.name) list_sql_databases('your-subscription-id', 'your-resource-group')
Azure Key Vault
-
获取密钥值
pythonfrom azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential from azure.keyvault.secrets import SecretClient def get_secret(vault_url, secret_name): credential = DefaultAzureCredential() client = SecretClient(vault_url=vault_url, credential=credential) secret = client.get_secret(secret_name) print(f"Secret value: {secret.value}") get_secret('https://your-key-vault.vault.azure.net/', 'your-secret-name')
4. 错误处理和调试
处理异常是进行 Azure 操作时的重要步骤,以下是一个简单的错误处理示例:
python
from azure.core.exceptions import HttpResponseError
try:
# 操作代码,例如上传 Blob 或启动 VM
pass
except HttpResponseError as e:
print(f"An error occurred: {e}")
5. 查阅文档
Azure SDK for Python 的文档和示例可以帮助你了解更多功能和用法。你可以访问 Azure SDK for Python 文档 以获取更多信息。
如果你有具体的需求或遇到问题,随时告诉我!