前言
本篇文章是基于其他文章的基础上结合自己的理解写出来的,如果哪里有问题请指出!
详细教程
分片下载
1.什么是分片下载
分片下载是指将一个大的文件分成多个较小的部分(分片或块),然后并行地从服务器下载这些部分到客户端的过程。
2.分片下载的场景
1.大文件下载
2.网络环境环境不好,存在需要重新下载风险的场景.
断点续传
1、什么是断点续传
断点续传是在下载时,将下载任务(一个文件或一个压缩包)人为的划分为几个部分,每一个部分采用一个线程进行下载,如果碰到网络故障,可以从已经下载的部分开始继续下载未完成的部分,而没有必要从头开始上传或者下载。
实现流程步骤
1.本文实现的步骤
-
前端(客户端)需要根据固定大小对文件进行分片,请求后端(服务端)时要带上分片开始位置,结束位置以及文件位置.
-
服务端根据上分片开始位置,结束位置以及文件位置.将文件读取成流的形式返回前端(
-
前端(客户端)需要将每次分片请求的流暂时存储到前端(这步是实现断点续传的核心步骤,本文是丢到indexedDB里面)最后读取完所有分片,组合为下载的文件。
2.分片上传/断点上传代码实现
a、前端框架使用的是vue+饿了么UI,进行分片下载。
b、后端实现文件读取,是用MappedByteBuffer实现。
前端(客户端)大概流程:
根据点击下载的文件获取行数据->通过特定字符串+id初始化indexedDB库,以及store->获取indexedDB库存储的数据->计算分片参数->循环调用分片下载请求->记录下载数据到indexedDB->分片下载成功->是?->合并分片下载的数据,返回下载文件,同时删除indexedDB库
前端代码片段(代码垃圾,大佬勿怪,有哪里需要改的帮忙指出下谢谢)
html
<template>
<div>
<!-- 文件进度条 -->
<fileProgressBar :data="progressData"></fileProgressBar>
<el-table :data="fileData.list" style="width: 100%">
<el-table-column prop="fileName" label="文件名称" />
<el-table-column prop="fileSize" label="文件大小" />
<el-table-column prop="fileType" label="文件类型" />
<el-table-column label="操作">
<template #default="scope">
<el-button size="small" icon="Position" type="success"
@click="startDownload(scope.$index, scope.row)">下载</el-button>
</template>
</el-table-column>
</el-table>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import {
ref,
watch,
reactive,
onMounted
} from 'vue';
import useIndexedDB from '../../assets/common/useIndexedDB.js';
import fileProgressBar from '../../components/fileProgressBar.vue';
import {
ElMessage
} from 'element-plus';
import {
useStore
} from 'vuex';
import {
fileDownload
} from "../../api/photo.js";
import {
getAllFile
} from "../../api/test.js";
const {
initializeDB,
addData,
getData,
getAllData,
clearObjectStore,
requestAdditionalStorage,
deleteDatabase,
} = useIndexedDB();
const store = useStore();
/**
* 总分片数
*/
let totalChunks = ref(0);
/**
* 当前分片数量
*/
let currentChunk = ref(0);
/**
* 组装下载文件参数
*/
const downFileJson = reactive({
"filePath": "",
"start": 0,
"end": 0,
});
/**
* 行id当作indexedDB唯一解
*/
const rowId = ref(null);
/**
* 文件列表数据
*/
const fileData = ref([]);
/**
* indexedDB前缀
*/
const fileDatabase = "fileDatabase:";
/**
* 进度条对象
*/
const progressData = reactive({
progressBar: false, //是否显示进度条
percentage: store.state.downloadProgress //进度条
});
//监听进度条变化
watch(() => store.state.downloadProgress, (value) => {
//(100/总块数/100)*变化值+(100/总块数*当前块数)
progressData.percentage = Math.ceil((Math.floor((100 / totalChunks.value)) / 100) * value) + (Math.floor((
100 /
totalChunks.value)) * currentChunk.value);
});
/**
* 初始化数据
*/
async function initParam() {
//显示进度条
progressData.progressBar = true;
//进度条值为0
progressData.percentage = 0;
//当前块数轻灵
currentChunk.value = 0;
}
/**下载文件按钮
* @param {Object} index
* @param {Object} row 行数据
*/
async function startDownload(index, row) {
try {
rowId.value = row.id;
initParam();
// 初始化 IndexedDB
await initializeDB(fileDatabase + row.id, row.id, 1);
// 文件分片
await downloadFileChunks(row);
// 合并文件分片
await mergeFileChunks(row);
} catch (e) {
console.error('Failed to download file:', e);
ElMessage.error("文件下载失败!");
} finally {
progressData.progressBar = false;
}
}
/**下载分片文件
* @param {Object} row
*/
async function downloadFileChunks(row) {
// 每个分片的大小
const chunkSize = store.state.config.fileChunkSize;
// 文件总数
const fileSize = row.fileSize;
// 总分片数
totalChunks.value = Math.ceil(fileSize / chunkSize);
console.log("分片大小:" + chunkSize + "文件总大小:" + fileSize + "分片数量:" + totalChunks.value);
//设置文件得下载路径
downFileJson.filePath = row.filePath;
//先从获取本地所有分片
const localData = await getAllData(row.id);
//这里相当于设置初始下载得位置
if (localData.length != 0) {
console.log("文件续载!!!");
//获取最后一条.取出start位置
const lastData = localData[localData.length - 1];
//id为当前得分片开始数
currentChunk.value = lastData.id;
currentChunk.value++;
}
//在这里我需要循环请求分片数据(块数从0开始)
while (currentChunk.value < totalChunks.value) {
console.log("=====总分片数:" + totalChunks.value + "=====当前下载分片:" + (currentChunk.value + 1) + "=====");
await assembleParameter(row);
await downloadFile();
}
}
/**组装服务器请求参数
* @param {Object} row
*/
async function assembleParameter(row) {
// 每个分片的大小
const chunkSize = store.state.config.fileChunkSize;
// 文件总数
const fileSize = row.fileSize;
// 当前分片的起始位置
let start = currentChunk.value * chunkSize;
// 当前分片的结束位置
let end = Math.min(start + chunkSize, fileSize);
downFileJson.start = start;
downFileJson.end = end;
}
/**
* 调用服务器下载接口
*/
async function downloadFile() {
console.log("请求参数", downFileJson);
//请求接口
const result = await fileDownload(downFileJson);
if (result.status == 200) {
// 将分片下载得数据添加到 IndexedDB
await addIndexedDbData(result.data);
currentChunk.value++;
}
}
/**将分片数据添加到 IndexedDB
* @param {Object} data
*/
async function addIndexedDbData(data) {
// 请求额外的存储空间
//await requestAdditionalStorage(store.state.config.fileChunkSize);
// 组装分片数据
const fileChunk = {
id: currentChunk.value,
start: downFileJson.start,
end: downFileJson.end,
data: data
};
//添加到 IndexedDB
await addData(rowId.value, fileChunk);
}
async function mergeFileChunks(row) {
// 从 IndexedDB 获取所有分片数据
const allChunks = await getAllData(row.id);
if (allChunks.length == 0) {
ElMessage.error("文件内容为空!");
return;
}
// 合并所有分片
const mergedBlob = new Blob(allChunks.map(chunk => chunk.data), {
type: 'application/octet-stream'
});
// 下载合并后的文件
const link = document.createElement('a');
link.href = URL.createObjectURL(mergedBlob);
link.download = row.fileName + "." + row.fileType;
link.click();
URL.revokeObjectURL(link.href);
link.remove();
//下载完成清空数据库
await deleteDatabase(fileDatabase + row.id);
}
/**
* 获取所有文件列表
*/
function getAllList() {
getAllFile().then(result => {
fileData.value = result.data;
})
}
//初始化
onMounted(() => {
getAllList();
});
</script>
useIndexedDB.js
javascript
import {
ref
} from 'vue';
export default function useIndexedDB() {
const db = ref(null);
const error = ref(null);
// 初始化数据库
const initializeDB = (databaseName, storeName, version) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
let request = indexedDB.open(databaseName, version);
request.onerror = (event) => {
error.value = event.target.errorCode;
reject(event.target.error);
};
request.onsuccess = (event) => {
db.value = event.target.result;
resolve(db.value);
};
request.onupgradeneeded = (event) => {
let db = event.target.result;
if (!db.objectStoreNames.contains(storeName)) {
db.createObjectStore(storeName, {
keyPath: 'id'
});
}
};
});
};
// 添加数据
const addData = (objectStoreName, data) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
let transaction = db.value.transaction([objectStoreName], 'readwrite');
let objectStore = transaction.objectStore(objectStoreName);
let request = objectStore.add(data);
request.onsuccess = () => resolve(true);
request.onerror = () => reject(false);
});
};
// 查询数据
const getData = (objectStoreName, key) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
let transaction = db.value.transaction([objectStoreName], 'readonly');
let objectStore = transaction.objectStore(objectStoreName);
let request = objectStore.get(key);
request.onsuccess = () => resolve(request.result);
request.onerror = () => reject(null);
});
};
// 查询数据
const getAllData = (objectStoreName) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
let transaction = db.value.transaction([objectStoreName], 'readonly');
let objectStore = transaction.objectStore(objectStoreName);
let request = objectStore.getAll();
request.onsuccess = () => resolve(request.result);
request.onerror = () => reject(null);
});
};
// 删除数据
const deleteData = (objectStoreName, key) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
let transaction = db.value.transaction([objectStoreName], 'readwrite');
let objectStore = transaction.objectStore(objectStoreName);
let request = objectStore.delete(key);
request.onsuccess = () => resolve(true);
request.onerror = () => reject(false);
});
};
// 删除数据库
const deleteDatabase = (databaseName) => {
const request = indexedDB.deleteDatabase(databaseName);
db.value.close();
request.onsuccess = (event) => {
console.log(`Database ${databaseName} has been deleted successfully.`);
db.value = null;
};
request.onerror = (event) => {
console.error(`Error deleting database ${databaseName}:`, event.target.errorCode);
};
request.onblocked = (event) => {
console.warn(`Delete operation is blocked for database ${databaseName}.`);
};
};
// 清空整个 objectStore
const clearObjectStore = (objectStoreName) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
let transaction = db.value.transaction([objectStoreName], 'readwrite');
let objectStore = transaction.objectStore(objectStoreName);
let request = objectStore.clear();
request.onsuccess = () => resolve(true);
request.onerror = () => reject(false);
});
};
// 请求额外的空间
const requestAdditionalStorage = (quotaInBytes) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if (typeof navigator.webkitTemporaryStorage !== 'undefined') {
// WebKit-based browsers (Chrome, Safari)
navigator.webkitTemporaryStorage.requestQuota(quotaInBytes, function(grantedQuota) {
console.log('Granted temporary storage quota:', grantedQuota);
// 进行进一步的操作
}, function(error) {
console.error('Error requesting temporary storage quota:', error);
});
} else if (typeof navigator.webkitPersistentStorage !== 'undefined') {
// WebKit-based browsers (Chrome, Safari)
navigator.webkitPersistentStorage.requestQuota(quotaInBytes, function(grantedQuota) {
console.log('Granted persistent storage quota:', grantedQuota);
// 进行进一步的操作
}, function(error) {
console.error('Error requesting persistent storage quota:', error);
});
} else if (typeof indexedDB.requestQuota === 'function') {
// Modern browsers that support IndexedDB 2.0
indexedDB.requestQuota(quotaInBytes, function(grantedQuota) {
console.log('Granted storage quota:', grantedQuota);
// 进行进一步的操作
}, function(error) {
console.error('Error requesting storage quota:', error);
});
} else {
console.warn('Storage quota request not supported.');
// 在不支持的情况下采取备用方案
}
});
};
return {
db,
error,
initializeDB,
addData,
getData,
deleteData,
clearObjectStore,
requestAdditionalStorage,
getAllData,
deleteDatabase
};
}
后端(服务端)大概流程:
获取到前端传递的参数->通过文件开始位置,结束位置,读取文件->流的形式返回前端.
后端代码片段(代码垃圾,大佬勿怪,有哪里需要改的帮忙指出下谢谢)
java
public ResponseEntity<InputStreamResource> fileShardingDownload(FileDownloadRequest req) {
// 根据文件路径获取文件
File file = new File(req.getFilePath());
if (!file.exists()) {
throw new RuntimeException("文件丢失");
}
//获取文件偏移量
long position = req.getStart();
//获取文件读取大小
long size= req.getEnd() - position;
MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer = null;
try (FileChannel fileChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get(file.toURI()), StandardOpenOption.READ)) {
// 映射文件到内存(从那个位置开始,读取多少数据.)
mappedByteBuffer = fileChannel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, position, size);
// 读取数据
byte[] buffer = new byte[(int) size];
// 将数据从 ByteBuffer 复制到 byte 数组
mappedByteBuffer.get(buffer);
// 转换为 InputStream
InputStreamResource inputStreamResource = new InputStreamResource(new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer));
return ResponseEntity.ok()
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM)
.contentLength(size)
.header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=part-of-file.zip")
.body(inputStreamResource);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
throw new RuntimeException("文件下载失败!");
} finally {
//这是一个坑不关闭,会一直占用
try {
Method m = FileChannelImpl.class.getDeclaredMethod("unmap", MappedByteBuffer.class);
m.setAccessible(true);
m.invoke(FileChannelImpl.class, mappedByteBuffer);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
}
FileDownloadRequest类
java
@Data
public class FileDownloadRequest {
/**
* 文件名称
*/
private String fileName;
/**
* 文件临时路径
*/
private String filePath;
/**
* 文件大小
*/
private String fileSize;
/**
* 当前分片开始位置
*/
private Long start;
/**
* 当前分片结束位置
*/
private Long end;
/**
* 当前分片位置
*/
private Long offset;
}
总结
本文只提供分片下载断点续传思路,代码具体以项目逻辑为主.