数仓技术hive与oracle对比（二）

cyhysr2024-12-08 10:05

查询响应

hive从3.0版本开始移除了索引。由于客户端抽样机制，超过五十行的，oracle要在查询语句外层添加select count(*) from (query语句)，与query语句对比，获取到准确查询时间。详见附录关于抽样的说明。

查询时，oracle客户端是sqldeveloper，hive客户端是dbvear。

单表

不限制字段数量，使用 * 查询所有字段

等值查询

单条查询 code或者pk

oracle

select * from t_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code='1020002';

SELECT * FROM t_od_org_orgs WHERE pk_org = '1001A1100000000LX48O';

SELECT * FROM t_od_bd_material WHERE code = '302550991000019';

SELECT * FROM t_od_ic_flow WHERE pk_flow = '1001A11000000003KBHH';

SELECT * FROM t_od_ic_flow_10 WHERE pk_flow = '1001A11000000003KBHH';

SELECT * FROM t_od_ic_flow_100 WHERE pk_flow = '1001A11000000003KBHH';

create unique index uninx_pk_flow on t_od_ic_flow (pk_flow);

create index inx_pk_flow_10 on t_od_ic_flow_10 (pk_flow);

create index inx_pk_flow_100 on t_od_ic_flow_100 (pk_flow);

drop index uninx_pk_flow;

drop index inx_pk_flow_10;

drop index inx_pk_flow_100;

hive

select * from ht_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code='1020002';

SELECT * FROM ht_od_org_orgs WHERE pk_org = '1001A1100000000LX48O';

SELECT * FROM ht_od_bd_material WHERE code = '302550991000019';

SELECT * FROM ht_od_ic_flow WHERE pk_flow = '1001A11000000003KBHH';

|-----------------|----------|------|---------|------|--------|
| 表名 | 返回量 | 无索引 || 用索引 ||
| 表名 | 返回量 | hive | oracle | hive | oracle |
| XXX_BD_STORDOC | 行1列45 | 3s | 0.012s | | |
| XXX_ORG_ORGS | 行1列130 | 2s | 0.015s | | |
| XXX_BD_MATERIAL | 行1列86 | 6s | 0.037s | | |
| XXX_IC_FLOW | 行1列166 | 8s | 0.534s | | 0.043s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_10 | 行10列166 | | 11.261s | | 0.047s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_100 | 行100列166 | | 53.61s | | 0.044s |

结论：当前硬件配置下，表行数在百万以内，oracle即使没有索引，响应速度依然能够很快。百万、千万记录的表，走索引的查询和不走索引的查询，响应速度差别巨大。

hive行数上万后，响应速度过长。

模糊查询

少量查询 code模糊查询

oracle

select * from t_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code LIKE '10%'

SELECT * FROM t_od_org_orgs WHERE code like '100%'

SELECT * FROM t_od_bd_material WHERE code like '30255099%'

SELECT * FROM t_od_ic_flow WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%'

SELECT * FROM t_od_ic_flow_10 WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%'

SELECT * FROM t_od_ic_flow_100 WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%'

CREATE INDEX inx_code ON T_OD_BD_MATERIAL (CODE);

CREATE INDEX inx_vbillcode ON T_OD_IC_FLOW (vbillcode );

CREATE INDEX inx_vbillcode_10 ON T_OD_IC_FLOW_10 (vbillcode );

CREATE INDEX inx_vbillcode_100 ON T_OD_IC_FLOW_100 (vbillcode );

drop index inx_vbillcode;

drop index inx_vbillcode_10;

drop index inx_vbillcode_100;

drop index inx_code;

hive

select * from ht_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code LIKE '10%'

SELECT * FROM ht_od_org_orgs WHERE code like '100%'

SELECT * FROM ht_od_bd_material WHERE code like '30255099%'

SELECT * FROM ht_od_ic_flow WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%'

|-----------------|-------------|------|----------|------|--------|
| 表名 | 返回量 | 无索引 || 用索引 ||
| 表名 | 返回量 | hive | oracle | hive | oracle |
| XXX_BD_STORDOC | 行3列45 | 4s | 0.005s | | |
| XXX_ORG_ORGS | 行13列130 | 8s | 0.024s | | |
| XXX_BD_MATERIAL | 行191列86 | 10s | 0.120s | | 0.064s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW | 行1834列166 | 4s | 0.682s | | 0.147s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_10 | 行18340列166 | | 10.754s | | 0.029s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_100 | 行183400列166 | | 102.334s | | 0.226s |

结论：类似等值查询。

范围查询

少量查询 code范围查询

少量查询 code范围查询

oracle

select * from t_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code >= 'DK01' AND code <= 'DK11'

SELECT * FROM t_od_org_orgs WHERE code >= '10100' AND code <= '10200'

SELECT * FROM t_od_bd_material WHERE code >= '201515201000003' AND code <= '201515901000003'

SELECT * FROM t_od_ic_flow WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001' AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

SELECT * FROM t_od_ic_flow_10 WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001' AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

SELECT * FROM t_od_ic_flow_100 WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001' AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

hive

select * from ht_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code >= 'DK01' AND code <= 'DK11'

SELECT * FROM ht_od_org_orgs WHERE code >= '10100' AND code <= '10200'

SELECT * FROM ht_od_bd_material WHERE code >= '201515201000003' AND code <= '201515901000003'

SELECT * FROM ht_od_ic_flow WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001' AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

|-----------------|-------------|---------|---------|------|---------------|
| 表名 | 返回量 | 无索引 || 用索引 ||
| 表名 | 返回量 | hive | oracle | hive | oracle |
| XXX_BD_STORDOC | 行6列45 | 4s | 0.009s | | |
| XXX_ORG_ORGS | 行69列130 | 6s | 0.021s | | |
| XXX_BD_MATERIAL | 行999列86 | 13.115s | 0.193s | | 0.022s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW | 行1668列166 | 6s | 0.625s | | 0.232s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_10 | 行16680列166 | | 10.065s | | 0.148s/0.011s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_100 | 行166800列166 | | 90.398s | | 0.145s/0.045s |

单表2

根据分析类查询的特点，一般仪表板select 3-5个字段足矣（多维查询则需要更多字段），所以这里统计查询3-5个字段的情况。

等值查询

单条查询 code或者pk

oracle

select pk_stordoc,code,name from t_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code='1020002';

SELECT pk_org,code,name FROM t_od_org_orgs WHERE pk_org = '1001A1100000000LX48O';

SELECT pk_material,code,name FROM t_od_bd_material WHERE code = '302550991000019';

SELECT cmaterialoid,cwarehouseid,dbilldate,ninnum,ncostmny FROM t_od_ic_flow WHERE pk_flow = '1001A11000000003KBHH';

SELECT cmaterialoid,cwarehouseid,dbilldate,ninnum,ncostmny FROM t_od_ic_flow_10 WHERE pk_flow = '1001A11000000003KBHH';

SELECT cmaterialoid,cwarehouseid,dbilldate,ninnum,ncostmny FROM t_od_ic_flow_100 WHERE pk_flow = '1001A11000000003KBHH';

create unique index uninx_pk_flow on t_od_ic_flow (pk_flow);

create index inx_pk_flow_10 on t_od_ic_flow_10 (pk_flow);

create index inx_pk_flow_100 on t_od_ic_flow_100 (pk_flow);

drop index uninx_pk_flow;

drop index inx_pk_flow_10;

drop index inx_pk_flow_100;

hive

select pk_org,code,name from ht_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code='1020002';

SELECT * FROM ht_od_org_orgs WHERE pk_org = '1001A1100000000LX48O';

SELECT * FROM ht_od_bd_material WHERE code = '302550991000019';

SELECT * FROM ht_od_ic_flow WHERE pk_flow = '1001A11000000003KBHH';

|-----------------|----------|---------------|----------|------|--------|
| 表名 | 返回量 | 无索引 || 用索引 ||
| 表名 | 返回量 | hive | oracle | hive | oracle |
| XXX_BD_STORDOC | 行1列45 | 0.982s/0.264s | 0.117s | | |
| XXX_ORG_ORGS | 行1列130 | 1s/0.272s | 0.032s | | |
| XXX_BD_MATERIAL | 行1列86 | 1s/0.855s | 0.337s | | 0.02s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW | 行1列166 | 7s/6s | 2.816s | | 0.035s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_10 | 行10列166 | | 17.308s | | 0.024s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_100 | 行100列166 | | 108.944s | | 0.042s |

结论：当前硬件配置下，表行数在百万以内，oracle即使没有索引，响应速度依然能够很快。百万、千万记录的表，走索引的查询和不走索引的查询，响应速度差别巨大。

hive行数上万后，响应速度过长。

模糊查询

少量查询 code模糊查询

oracle

select pk_stordoc,code,name from t_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code LIKE '10%'

SELECT pk_org,code,name FROM t_od_org_orgs WHERE code like '100%'

SELECT pk_material,code,name FROM t_od_bd_material WHERE code like '30255099%'

SELECT cmaterialoid,cwarehouseid,dbilldate,ninnum,ncostmny FROM t_od_ic_flow WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%'

SELECT cmaterialoid,cwarehouseid,dbilldate,ninnum,ncostmny FROM t_od_ic_flow_10 WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%'

SELECT cmaterialoid,cwarehouseid,dbilldate,ninnum,ncostmny FROM t_od_ic_flow_100 WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%'

CREATE INDEX inx_code ON T_OD_BD_MATERIAL (CODE);

CREATE INDEX inx_vbillcode ON T_OD_IC_FLOW (vbillcode );

select count(*) cc from (SELECT * FROM t_od_ic_flow_10 WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%')

select count(*) cc from (SELECT * FROM t_od_ic_flow_100 WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%')

hive

select * from ht_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code LIKE '10%'

SELECT * FROM ht_od_org_orgs WHERE code like '100%'

SELECT * FROM ht_od_bd_material WHERE code like '30255099%'

SELECT * FROM ht_od_ic_flow WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%'

SELECT * FROM ht_od_ic_flow_10 WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%'

SELECT * FROM ht_od_ic_flow_100 WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%'

select count(*) cc from (SELECT * FROM ht_od_ic_flow_10 WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%')

select count(*) cc from (SELECT * FROM ht_od_ic_flow_100 WHERE vbillcode like 'CR202308%')

|-----------------|-------------|------|----------|------|--------|
| 表名 | 返回量 | 无索引 || 用索引 ||
| 表名 | 返回量 | hive | oracle | hive | oracle |
| XXX_BD_STORDOC | 行3列45 | | 0.016s | | |
| XXX_ORG_ORGS | 行13列130 | | 0.022s | | |
| XXX_BD_MATERIAL | 行191列86 | | 0.13s | | 0.018s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW | 行1834列166 | | 0.901s | | 0.031s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_10 | 行18340列166 | | 11.723s | | 0.049s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_100 | 行183400列166 | | 117.365s | | 0.29s |

结论：类似等值查询。

范围查询

少量查询 code范围查询

oracle

drop index inx_code

drop index inx_vbillcode

select pk_stordoc,code,name from t_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code >= 'DK01' AND code <= 'DK11'

SELECT pk_org,code,name FROM t_od_org_orgs WHERE code >= '10100' AND code <= '10200'

SELECT pk_material,code,name FROM t_od_bd_material WHERE code >= '201515201000003' AND code <= '201515901000003'

SELECT cmaterialoid,cwarehouseid,dbilldate,ninnum,ncostmny FROM t_od_ic_flow WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001' AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

SELECT cmaterialoid,cwarehouseid,dbilldate,ninnum,ncostmny FROM t_od_ic_flow_10 WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001' AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

SELECT cmaterialoid,cwarehouseid,dbilldate,ninnum,ncostmny FROM t_od_ic_flow_100 WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001' AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

CREATE INDEX inx_code ON T_OD_BD_MATERIAL (CODE);

CREATE INDEX inx_vbillcode ON T_OD_IC_FLOW (vbillcode );

hive

select pk_stordoc,code,name from ht_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code >= 'DK01' AND code <= 'DK11'

SELECT pk_org,code,name FROM ht_od_org_orgs WHERE code >= '10100' AND code <= '10200'

SELECT pk_material,code,name FROM ht_od_bd_material WHERE code >= '201515201000003' AND code <= '201515901000003'

SELECT cmaterialoid,cwarehouseid,dbilldate,ninnum,ncostmny FROM ht_od_ic_flow WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001' AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

|-----------------|-------------|-----------|---------|------|--------|
| 表名 | 返回量 | 无索引 || 用索引 ||
| 表名 | 返回量 | hive | oracle | hive | oracle |
| XXX_BD_STORDOC | 行6列45 | 1s/0.139s | 0.043s | | |
| XXX_ORG_ORGS | 行69列130 | 1s/0.343s | 0.039s | | |
| XXX_BD_MATERIAL | 行999列86 | 1/0.502s | 0.091s | | 0.031s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW | 行1668列166 | 4s/3s | 0.907s | | 0.031s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_10 | 行16680列166 | | 9.196s | | 0.029s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_100 | 行166800列166 | | 91.147s | | 0.08s |

聚合查询

oracle

drop index inx_code

drop index inx_vbillcode

select count(*) from t_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code >= 'DK01' AND code <= 'DK11'

SELECT count(*) FROM t_od_org_orgs WHERE code >= '10100' AND code <= '10200'

SELECT count(*) FROM t_od_bd_material WHERE code >= '201515201000003' AND code <= '201515901000003'

SELECT sum(ncostmny),sum(ninnum) FROM t_od_ic_flow WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001' AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

SELECT sum(ncostmny),sum(ninnum) FROM t_od_ic_flow_10 WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001' AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

SELECT sum(ncostmny),sum(ninnum) FROM t_od_ic_flow_100 WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001' AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

CREATE INDEX inx_vbillcode ON T_OD_IC_FLOW (vbillcode );

hive

select count(*) from ht_od_bd_stordoc WHERE code >= 'DK01' AND code <= 'DK11'

SELECT count(*) FROM ht_od_org_orgs WHERE code >= '10100' AND code <= '10200'

SELECT count(*) FROM ht_od_bd_material WHERE code >= '201515201000003' AND code <= '201515901000003'

SELECT sum(ncostmny),sum(ninnum) FROM ht_od_ic_flow WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001' AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

|-----------------|------|------|---------|------|--------|
| 表名 | 返回量 | 无索引 || 用索引 ||
| 表名 | 返回量 | hive | oracle | hive | oracle |
| XXX_BD_STORDOC | 行1列1 | | 0.038s | | |
| XXX_ORG_ORGS | 行1列1 | | 0.024s | | |
| XXX_BD_MATERIAL | 行1列1 | | 0.118s | | 0.032s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW | 行1列1 | | 0.401s | | 0.059s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_10 | 行1列1 | | 9.371s | | 0.454s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_100 | 行1列1 | | 91.001s | | 58.89s |

结论：查询ht_od_ic_flow时，有时会因内存崩溃而报错，详见hive聚合查询异常。oracle数据量达到千万级后，IO读写成为了瓶颈，所以即使加索引，耗时依然很久，甚至会出现超过不加索引时的耗时。同一会话多次执行同一sql，会有缓存，耗时会极大降低，即使千万级会降低至1.62s，即使清缓存，同样的sql语句依然是1.xxxs至3.xxxs，应该还有其他缓存机制。将SELECT sum(ncostmny),sum(ninnum) FROM ht_od_ic_flow_100 WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001' AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'中的vbillcode起始改为CR202308xx00000001，速度依然很快，往前调个两三天0731、0730、0729，速度依然很快，维持在1.xxxs，或者至多不超过10s。

分析查询

oracle

SELECT pk_org,cmaterialoid,pk_flow,ninnum

,sum(ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY cmaterialoid )

,CASE WHEN sum(ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY cmaterialoid )!=0

THEN ninnum / sum(ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY cmaterialoid )

END pp

FROM t_od_ic_flow WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001'

AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

SELECT pk_org,cmaterialoid,pk_flow,ninnum

,sum(ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY cmaterialoid )

,CASE WHEN sum(ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY cmaterialoid )!=0

THEN ninnum / sum(ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY cmaterialoid )

END pp

FROM t_od_ic_flow_10 WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001'

AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

SELECT pk_org,cmaterialoid,pk_flow,ninnum

,sum(ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY cmaterialoid )

,CASE WHEN sum(ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY cmaterialoid )!=0

THEN ninnum / sum(ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY cmaterialoid )

END pp

FROM t_od_ic_flow_100 WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001'

AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

CREATE INDEX inx_vbillcode ON T_OD_IC_FLOW (vbillcode );

hive

SELECT PK_ORG,CMATERIALOID,PK_FLOW,NINNUM,SUM(NINNUM) OVER (PARTITION BY CMATERIALOID )

,CASE WHEN SUM(NINNUM) OVER (PARTITION BY CMATERIALOID )!=0

THEN NINNUM / SUM(NINNUM) OVER (PARTITION BY CMATERIALOID )

END pp

FROM ht_od_ic_flow WHERE VBILLCODE >= 'CR2023080100000001'

AND VBILLCODE <= 'CR2023083000000001'

|-----------------|-----------|------|---------|------|---------|
| 表名 | 返回量 | 无索引 || 用索引 ||
| 表名 | 返回量 | hive | oracle | hive | oracle |
| XXX_IC_FLOW | 行1668列6 | | 0.375s | | 0.261s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_10 | 行16680列6 | | 9.016s | | 6.53s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_100 | 行166800列6 | | 91.337s | | 66.474s |

多表

多表连接查询

分析查询

oracle

drop index inx_vbillcode

SELECT t1.pk_org,t2.code orgcode,t2.name orgname

,t1.cmaterialoid,t3.code materialcode,t3.name materialname

,t1.pk_flow,t1.ninnum

,sum(t1.ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY t1.cmaterialoid )

,CASE WHEN sum(t1.ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY t1.cmaterialoid )!=0

THEN t1.ninnum / sum(t1.ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY t1.cmaterialoid )

END pp

FROM t_od_ic_flow t1

inner JOIN t_od_org_orgs t2 ON t1.pk_org = t2.pk_org

inner JOIN t_od_bd_material t3 ON t1.cmaterialoid = t3.pk_material

WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001'

AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

CREATE INDEX inx_vbillcode ON T_OD_IC_FLOW (vbillcode );

CREATE INDEX inx_vbillcode_10 ON T_OD_IC_FLOW_10 (vbillcode );

CREATE INDEX inx_vbillcode_100 ON T_OD_IC_FLOW_100 (vbillcode );

hive

SELECT t1.pk_org,t2.code orgcode,t2.name orgname

,t1.cmaterialoid,t3.code materialcode,t3.name materialname

,t1.pk_flow,t1.ninnum

,sum(t1.ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY t1.cmaterialoid )

,CASE WHEN sum(t1.ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY t1.cmaterialoid )!=0

THEN t1.ninnum / sum(t1.ninnum) OVER (PARTITION BY t1.cmaterialoid )

END pp

FROM ht_od_ic_flow t1

inner JOIN ht_od_org_orgs t2 ON t1.pk_org = t2.pk_org

inner JOIN ht_od_bd_material t3 ON t1.cmaterialoid = t3.pk_material

WHERE vbillcode >= 'CR2023080100000001'

AND vbillcode <= 'CR2023083000000001'

|-----------------|------------|------|---------|------|---------|
| 表名 | 返回量 | 无索引 || 用索引 ||
| 表名 | 返回量 | hive | oracle | hive | oracle |
| XXX_IC_FLOW | 行1668列10 | | 0.555s | | 0.266s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_10 | 行16680列10 | | 9.358s | | 0.338s |
| XXX_IC_FLOW_100 | 行166800列10 | | 92.048s | | 92.019s |

orcle数据达到千万级时，有无索引，响应时间几乎没有差别，此时瓶颈应该在硬件配置上。

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