MySQL离线安装文档(Linux版)

安装包：

mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

系统：

CentOS Linux 7 （64位）

操作说明

1. 把安装包上传到/usr/local目录下，解压安装包

root@localhost local# tar -xvJf mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

2. 重命名，便于操作

root@localhost local# mv mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-8.0

3. 在mysql-8.0下创建data文件夹，放置数据文件
4. 创建用户组以及用户和密码

root@localhost mysql-8.0# groupadd mysql

root@localhost mysql-8.0# useradd -g mysql mysql

5. 给用户授权

root@localhost mysql-8.0# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql-8.0

6. 进入bin目录下，初始化基础信息 。记录初始密码，之后要用

root@localhost bin# ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/ --initialize

7. 添加mysqld服务到系统

root@localhost mysql-8.0# cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

8. 授权以及添加服务

root@localhost mysql-8.0# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql

root@localhost mysql-8.0# chkconfig --add mysql

9. 启动mysql

root@localhost mysql-8.0# service mysql start

10. 1查看启动状态

root@localhost mysql-8.0# service mysql status

11. 将mysql命令添加到服务

root@localhost mysql-8.0# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin/mysql /usr/bin

12. 登录mysql mysql -uroot -p 密码使用之前随机生成的初始密码

root@localhost mysql-8.0# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

13. 修改root密码 其中123456是新的密码自己设置

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Nreal0125@';

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14. 执行flush privileges;使密码生效

mysql> flush privileges;

15. 选择mysql数据库

mysql> use mysql

16. 修改root用户的IP限制并生效(根据需求调整)

host='%'：指不限制IP，host='localhost'：只能本地登陆

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可能遇到的问题

1. service mysql start启动失败
   解决方案：修改/etc/my.cnf，样例如下

   [mysqld]
   basedir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0
   datadir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/data
   socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
   character-set-server=UTF8MB4

   Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

   symbolic-links=0

   Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.

   If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,

   customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the

   instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

   [mysqld_safe]
   log-error=/var/log/mysql.log
   pid-file=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/mysql.pid

   include all files from the config directory

   !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d