SQL自学，mysql从入门到精通 --- 第 15天，数据导入、导出

数据的导入、导出

sql 复制代码

-- 查看当前设置的目录路径，限制从数据库服务器读取和写入文件的操作只能在指定的目录中进行,在安全性和文件操作限制方面具有重要意义。

root@mysqldb 14:19:  [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "secure_file_priv";
+------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name    | Value             |
+------------------+-------------------+
| secure_file_priv | /data/mysql/data/ |
+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

sql 复制代码

#配置文件
[root@mrloam ~]# grep secure_file_priv /etc/my.cnf 
secure_file_priv = /data/mysql/data

1.数据导入

sql 复制代码

root@mysqldb 14:40:  [(none)]> CREATE TABLE db3.user (
    -> name VARCHAR(30),
    -> password VARCHAR(8),
    -> uid INT,
    -> gid INT,
    -> comment VARCHAR(150),
    -> homedir CHAR(80),
    -> shell CHAR(60)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

root@mysqldb 14:40:  [(none)]> DESC db3.user;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name     | varchar(30)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| password | varchar(8)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| uid      | int(11)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| gid      | int(11)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| comment  | varchar(150) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| homedir  | char(80)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| shell    | char(60)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

root@mysqldb 14:40:  [(none)]> SELECT * FROM db3.user;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

sql 复制代码

-- 准备数据文件
root@mysqldb 14:41:  [(none)]> system cp /etc/passwd /data/mysql/data/
root@mysqldb 14:42:  [(none)]> system ls /data/mysql/data/
auto.cnf	 client-key.pem  ibdata1      mysql		  public_key.pem	    sys
ca-key.pem	 d1		 ib_logfile0  passwd		  server-cert.pem
ca.pem		 db3		 ib_logfile1  performance_schema  server-key.pem
client-cert.pem  ib_buffer_pool  ibtmp1       private_key.pem	  sql_self_learning_skills

-- 导入数据
root@mysqldb 14:43:  [(none)]> load data infile "/data/mysql/data/passwd" into table db3.user fields terminated by ":" lines terminated by "\n";
Query OK, 21 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 21  Deleted: 0  Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0

root@mysqldb 14:45:  [(none)]> alter table db3.user  add  id  int  primary key  auto_increment first;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

root@mysqldb 14:46:  [(none)]> select  * from db3.user ;
+----+-----------------+----------+------+------+----------------------------+--------------------+----------------+
| id | name            | password | uid  | gid  | comment                    | homedir            | shell          |
+----+-----------------+----------+------+------+----------------------------+--------------------+----------------+
|  1 | root            | x        |    0 |    0 | root                       | /root              | /bin/bash      |
|  2 | bin             | x        |    1 |    1 | bin                        | /bin               | /sbin/nologin  |
|  3 | daemon          | x        |    2 |    2 | daemon                     | /sbin              | /sbin/nologin  |
|  4 | adm             | x        |    3 |    4 | adm                        | /var/adm           | /sbin/nologin  |
|  5 | lp              | x        |    4 |    7 | lp                         | /var/spool/lpd     | /sbin/nologin  |
|  6 | sync            | x        |    5 |    0 | sync                       | /sbin              | /bin/sync      |
|  7 | shutdown        | x        |    6 |    0 | shutdown                   | /sbin              | /sbin/shutdown |
|  8 | halt            | x        |    7 |    0 | halt                       | /sbin              | /sbin/halt     |
|  9 | mail            | x        |    8 |   12 | mail                       | /var/spool/mail    | /sbin/nologin  |
| 10 | operator        | x        |   11 |    0 | operator                   | /root              | /sbin/nologin  |
| 11 | games           | x        |   12 |  100 | games                      | /usr/games         | /sbin/nologin  |
| 12 | ftp             | x        |   14 |   50 | FTP User                   | /var/ftp           | /sbin/nologin  |
| 13 | nobody          | x        |   99 |   99 | Nobody                     | /                  | /sbin/nologin  |
| 14 | systemd-network | x        |  192 |  192 | systemd Network Management | /                  | /sbin/nologin  |
| 15 | dbus            | x        |   81 |   81 | System message bus         | /                  | /sbin/nologin  |
| 16 | polkitd         | x        |  999 |  998 | User for polkitd           | /                  | /sbin/nologin  |
| 17 | sshd            | x        |   74 |   74 | Privilege-separated SSH    | /var/empty/sshd    | /sbin/nologin  |
| 18 | postfix         | x        |   89 |   89 |                            | /var/spool/postfix | /sbin/nologin  |
| 19 | chrony          | x        |  998 |  996 |                            | /var/lib/chrony    | /sbin/nologin  |
| 20 | mysql           | x        | 1000 | 1000 |                            | /home/mysql        | /sbin/nologin  |
| 21 | test            | x        | 1001 | 1001 |                            | /home/test         | /bin/bash      |
+----+-----------------+----------+------+------+----------------------------+--------------------+----------------+
21 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.数据导出

把表记录存储到系统文件里

批量处理数据

命令格式:

sql查询命令 into outfile "目录/文件名"