GitLab-CE 及 GitLab Runner 安装部署

安装部署Gitlab

1. 安装依赖

swift 复制代码

sudo yum install -y curl policycoreutils-python openssh-server perl postfix

policycoreutils-python：处理 SELinux 相关的策略配置。

openssh-server：提供 SSH 服务，方便远程管理服务器。

perl：用于系统管理脚本、自动化任务。

postfix：邮件传输代理，用于发送邮件通知。

1.1. 处理postfix安装报错

sql 复制代码

[root@localhost local]# sudo yum install -y curl postfix
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-51.el7 will be updated
---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-59.el7_9.2 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: libcurl = 7.29.0-59.el7_9.2 for package: curl-7.29.0-59.el7_9.2.x86_64
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-51.el7 will be updated
---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-59.el7_9.2 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: libssh2(x86-64) >= 1.8.0 for package: libcurl-7.29.0-59.el7_9.2.x86_64
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libssh2.x86_64 0:1.4.3-12.el7 will be updated
---> Package libssh2.x86_64 0:1.8.0-4.el7_9.1 will be an update
Removing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 - u due to obsoletes from installed mysql-community-libs-5.7.31-1.el7.x86_64
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 (base)
           Requires: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
Error: Package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 (base)
           Requires: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
 You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

安装 postfix 依赖 libmysqlclient.so.18 这个库文件，但是系统里没用，检查后发现该环境存在不兼容的MySQL版本，postfix 依赖的是 MySQL 5.5 版本的客户端库，当前已经安装了 MySQL 5.7 版本

bash 复制代码

[root@localhost local]# yum list installed | grep mysql
mysql-community-client.x86_64              5.7.31-1.el7                installed
mysql-community-common.x86_64              5.7.31-1.el7                installed
mysql-community-devel.x86_64               5.7.31-1.el7                installed
mysql-community-libs.x86_64                5.7.31-1.el7                installed
mysql-community-server.x86_64              5.7.31-1.el7                installed

[root@localhost local]# find / -name libmysqlclient.so.* 2>/dev/null
/usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.20
/usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.20.3.18

1.1.1. 尝试方案1(成功)：安装 MySQL 兼容库

启用 EPEL 仓库

arduino 复制代码

sudo yum install -y epel-release

添加 MySQL 官方 Yum 仓库

sql 复制代码

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

安装 Yum 仓库配置文件

arduino 复制代码

sudo rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

验证 MySQL Yum 仓库

bash 复制代码

[root@localhost local]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                 279
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                      114
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 696

选择合适的 MySQL 版本

默认情况下，Yum 仓库会启用最新版本的 MySQL。如果要使用特定版本（比如 MySQL 5.7），可以通过编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo 文件来调整。

bash 复制代码

sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo

找到 [mysql57-community] 和 [mysql80-community] 这两个部分，将想要使用的版本MySQL 5.7的 enabled 值设为 1，不需要的版本设为 0

ini 复制代码

# Enable to use MySQL 5.7
[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql80-community]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

安装 mysql-community-libs-compat

sudo yum install -y mysql-community-libs-compat
重新安装 postfix

swift 复制代码

sudo yum install -y curl postfix

1.1.2. 尝试方案2(无效)：创建软链接指向现有库

查找当前 MySQL 5.7 的客户端库

bash 复制代码

[root@localhost local]# find / -name libmysqlclient.so.* 2>/dev/null
/usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.20
/usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.20.3.18

创建软链接

bash 复制代码

sudo ln -s /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.20 /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.18

刷新链接缓存

sudo ldconfig
再次尝试安装 postfix

swift 复制代码

sudo yum install -y curl postfix

没用，寄！

sql 复制代码

[root@localhost local]# sudo yum install -y curl postfix
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-51.el7 will be updated
---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-59.el7_9.2 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: libcurl = 7.29.0-59.el7_9.2 for package: curl-7.29.0-59.el7_9.2.x86_64
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-51.el7 will be updated
---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-59.el7_9.2 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: libssh2(x86-64) >= 1.8.0 for package: libcurl-7.29.0-59.el7_9.2.x86_64
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libssh2.x86_64 0:1.4.3-12.el7 will be updated
---> Package libssh2.x86_64 0:1.8.0-4.el7_9.1 will be an update
Removing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 - u due to obsoletes from installed mysql-community-libs-5.7.31-1.el7.x86_64
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 (base)
           Requires: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
Error: Package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 (base)
           Requires: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
 You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

1.2. 启动 ssh 和 postfix 服务并设置开机自启

swift 复制代码

sudo systemctl enable sshd postfix
sudo systemctl start sshd postfix

2. 安装GitLab社区版

2.1. 手动下载安装(推荐)

bash 复制代码

# 从清华镜像下载17.1.1 版本RPM安装包（兼容EL7）
curl -LO https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/gitlab-ce-17.1.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm

bash 复制代码

# 安装
sudo rpm -ivh gitlab-ce-17.1.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm

2.2. 使用官方安装脚本

ruby 复制代码

curl -sS https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ce/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash
sudo yum install -y gitlab-ce

3. 配置GitLab

bash 复制代码

sudo vi /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb

bash 复制代码

# 编辑 external_url 指定gitlab所在服务器的ip 和 对外提供访问的端口，
external_url 'http://192.168.1.100:8000'

4. 开放防火墙端口访问

如果防火墙已经关闭，就不需要配置下面这些规则

css 复制代码

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https 
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=7000/tcp
# 配置后，重启防火墙
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

--permanent 选项表示设置永久生效，--add-service 用于添加服务端口，--reload 用于重新加载防火墙规则。

5. 应用配置启动GitLab服务

复制代码

sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

成功应用配置后，会有输出提示，里面会提示一个密码文件，记录了初始root账号的默认密码，密码有效期24小时，记得及时更改

6. 获取初始root密码并登录

bash 复制代码

cat /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password

登录成功

7. 修改root账号的密码

点击左侧用户头像，进入到用户设置

从左侧的侧边栏，进入到密码修改页，填写新密码

点击用户头像的Preference选项，然后点击左侧侧边栏的Preference进入到偏好设置，修改语言

8. 创建测试用代码仓库

回到GitLab 首页，从左侧侧边栏进入到创建新项目流程，根据提示和个人需要创建测试代码库

这里可以进入到GitLab 新创建的这个项目主页中，根据指引，将代码推送到这个项目仓库中

bash 复制代码

git clone http://your gitlab server ip:port/root/test.git
cd test
git switch --create main
touch README.md
git add README.md
git commit -m "add README"
git push --set-upstream origin main

安装GitLab Runner

1. 安装

1.1. 离线安装

bash 复制代码

# 从清华镜像下载rpm包
curl -LO https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-runner/yum/el7/gitlab-runner-17.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

# 离线安装
sudo rpm -ivh gitlab-runner-17.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

1.2. 通过官方仓库镜像源安装

ruby 复制代码

curl -L https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/runner/gitlab-runner/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash
sudo yum install gitlab-runner-17.1.1

1.3. 启动GitLab Runner

bash 复制代码

sudo systemctl start gitlab-runner
sudo systemctl enable gitlab-runner

2. 创建并注册GitLab Runner

2.1. 新建GitLab Runner 实例

左下角进入管理中心，左侧侧边栏选择CI/CD->Runner，进入到Runner列表页，新建Runner

配置页的标签选项可以起到精准分配任务的作用，在 .gitlab-ci.yml 中通过 tags 指定作业所需的标签，只有匹配标签的 Runner 才会执行该任务。

2.2. 注册GitLab Runner 实例

复制注册指令，在GitLab Runner 所在服务器执行，完成实例注册(这里的演示环境是GitLab 和 GitLab Runner 装在同一个服务器，所以可以直接在当前化境完成注册)

arduino 复制代码

gitlab-runner register  --url http://your gitlab server ip:7000  --token glrt-Cv4NUZoC_UMSzVmasD8M

这里会进入到runner 实例的初始化流程，根据交互指令提示，填写实例url(不填也行)，实例名称，以及执行器(这里选的shell)