SpringBoot | 构建客户树及其关联关系的设计思路和实践Demo

Andya2025-04-25 9:31

关注：CodingTechWork

引言

在企业级应用中，客户关系管理（CRM）是核心功能之一。客户树是一种用于表示客户之间层级关系的结构，例如企业客户与子公司、经销商与下级经销商等。本文将详细介绍如何设计客户树及其关联关系，通过三张表来实现：客户表、客户树表和客户关联关系表。这种设计可以清晰地分离客户的基本信息、树的结构信息以及客户之间的层级关系。

一、客户树及其关联关系的定义

客户树是一种层级结构，用于表示客户之间的上下级关系。每个客户可以有多个子客户，而每个子客户又可以有自己的子客户，形成一个树状结构。客户树通常用于以下场景：

  • 企业与子公司：表示企业集团的层级结构。
  • 经销商与下级经销商：表示销售渠道的层级关系。
  • 客户与联系人：表示客户内部的组织架构。

客户树的特点包括：

  • 层级性：每个客户都有一个层级，顶级客户为第1层，其子客户为第2层，依此类推。
  • 递归性：客户树的结构是递归的，每个子客户可以有自己的子客户。
  • 关联性：客户之间通过父子关系关联。

二、设计方案

2.1 数据库设计

为了实现客户树及其关联关系，我们需要设计三张表：customer 表（客户表）、customer_tree 表（客户树表）和 customer_relationship 表（客户关联关系表）。

2.1.1 客户表（customer）

字段名 数据类型 描述
id INT 客户唯一标识（主键）
name VARCHAR(100) 客户名称
code VARCHAR(50) 客户编码
created_at DATETIME 创建时间
updated_at DATETIME 更新时间

2.1.2 客户树表（customer_tree）

字段名 数据类型 描述
id INT 树唯一标识（主键）
tree_name VARCHAR(100) 树名称
root_id INT 根节点ID（外键，指向customer表）
max_level INT 树的最大层级
created_at DATETIME 创建时间
updated_at DATETIME 更新时间

2.1.3 客户关联关系表（customer_relationship）

字段名 数据类型 描述
id INT 关系唯一标识（主键）
tree_id INT 所属树ID（外键，指向customer_tree表）
customer_id INT 客户ID（外键，指向customer表）
parent_id INT 父节点ID（外键，指向customer表）
level INT 当前层级
created_at DATETIME 创建时间
updated_at DATETIME 更新时间

2.2 功能设计

  1. 查询客户树：通过递归查询或存储过程，获取完整的客户树结构。
  2. 新增客户：支持添加顶级客户或子客户。
  3. 删除客户：删除客户时，需要考虑其子客户是否需要同时删除。
  4. 更新客户信息：更新客户的基本信息或层级关系。
  5. 查询客户层级：查询某个客户的层级关系。

三、SQL实现

3.1 创建表

创建客户表

sql 复制代码 
CREATE TABLE `customer` (
    `id` INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    `name` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    `code` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    `created_at` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    `updated_at` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

创建客户树表

sql 复制代码 
CREATE TABLE `customer_tree` (
    `id` INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    `tree_name` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    `root_id` INT,
    `max_level` INT DEFAULT 1,
    `created_at` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    `updated_at` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    FOREIGN KEY (`root_id`) REFERENCES `customer` (`id`)
);

创建客户关联关系表

sql 复制代码 
CREATE TABLE `customer_relationship` (
    `id` INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    `tree_id` INT,
    `customer_id` INT,
    `parent_id` INT,
    `level` INT DEFAULT 1,
    `created_at` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    `updated_at` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    FOREIGN KEY (`tree_id`) REFERENCES `customer_tree` (`id`),
    FOREIGN KEY (`customer_id`) REFERENCES `customer` (`id`),
    FOREIGN KEY (`parent_id`) REFERENCES `customer` (`id`)
);

3.2 插入测试数据

插入客户数据

sql 复制代码 
INSERT INTO `customer` (`name`, `code`) VALUES
('顶级客户A', 'A'),
('子客户A1', 'A1'),
('子客户A2', 'A2'),
('子客户A1-1', 'A1-1'),
('顶级客户B', 'B'),
('子客户B1', 'B1');

插入客户树数据

sql 复制代码 
INSERT INTO `customer_tree` (`tree_name`, `root_id`, `max_level`) VALUES
('客户树A', 1, 3),
('客户树B', 5, 2);

插入客户关联关系数据

sql 复制代码 
INSERT INTO `customer_relationship` (`tree_id`, `customer_id`, `parent_id`, `level`) VALUES
(1, 1, NULL, 1),  -- 顶级客户A
(1, 2, 1, 2),     -- 子客户A1
(1, 3, 1, 2),     -- 子客户A2
(1, 4, 2, 3),     -- 子客户A1-1
(2, 5, NULL, 1),  -- 顶级客户B
(2, 6, 5, 2);     -- 子客户B1

3.3 查询客户树

使用递归查询（MySQL 8.0+）：

sql 复制代码 
WITH RECURSIVE CustomerTree AS (
    SELECT cr.id, cr.customer_id, cr.parent_id, cr.level
    FROM customer_relationship cr
    WHERE cr.parent_id IS NULL
    UNION ALL
    SELECT cr.id, cr.customer_id, cr.parent_id, cr.level
    FROM customer_relationship cr
    JOIN CustomerTree cte ON cr.parent_id = cte.customer_id
)
SELECT * FROM CustomerTree ORDER BY level, id;

3.4 删除客户

删除客户及其所有子客户：

sql 复制代码 
-- 删除客户及其所有子客户
WITH RECURSIVE CustomerTree AS (
    SELECT id FROM customer_relationship WHERE customer_id = ?
    UNION ALL
    SELECT cr.id FROM customer_relationship cr JOIN CustomerTree cte ON cr.parent_id = cte.customer_id
)
DELETE FROM customer_relationship WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM CustomerTree);

四、Java代码实现

4.1 项目依赖

使用Spring Boot和MyBatis：

xml 复制代码 
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

4.2 实体类

客户实体类

java 复制代码 
package com.example.demo.model;

import java.util.Date;

public class Customer {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String code;
    private Date createdAt;
    private Date updatedAt;

    // Getters and Setters
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getCode() {
        return code;
    }
    public void setCode(String code) {
        this.code = code;
    }
    public Date getCreatedAt() {
        return createdAt;
    }
    public void setCreatedAt(Date createdAt) {
        this.createdAt = createdAt;
    }
    public Date getUpdatedAt() {
        return updatedAt;
    }
    public void setUpdatedAt(Date updatedAt) {
        this.updatedAt = updatedAt;
    }
}

客户树实体类

java 复制代码 
package com.example.demo.model;

import java.util.Date;

public class CustomerTree {
    private Integer id;
    private String treeName;
    private Integer rootId;
    private Integer maxLevel;
    private Date createdAt;
    private Date updatedAt;

    // Getters and Setters
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getTreeName() {
        return treeName;
    }
    public void setTreeName(String treeName) {
        this.treeName = treeName;
    }
    public Integer getRootId() {
        return rootId;
    }
    public void setRootId(Integer rootId) {
        this.rootId = rootId;
    }
    public Integer getMaxLevel() {
        return maxLevel;
    }
    public void setMaxLevel(Integer maxLevel) {
        this.maxLevel = maxLevel;
    }
    public Date getCreatedAt() {
        return createdAt;
    }
    public void setCreatedAt(Date createdAt) {
        this.createdAt = createdAt;
    }
    public Date getUpdatedAt() {
        return updatedAt;
    }
    public void setUpdatedAt(Date updatedAt) {
        this.updatedAt = updatedAt;
    }
}

客户关联关系实体类

java 复制代码 
package com.example.demo.model;

import java.util.Date;

public class CustomerRelationship {
    private Integer id;
    private Integer treeId;
    private Integer customerId;
    private Integer parentId;
    private Integer level;
    private Date createdAt;
    private Date updatedAt;

    // Getters and Setters
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public Integer getTreeId() {
        return treeId;
    }
    public void setTreeId(Integer treeId) {
        this.treeId = treeId;
    }
    public Integer getCustomerId() {
        return customerId;
    }
    public void setCustomerId(Integer customerId) {
        this.customerId = customerId;
    }
    public Integer getParentId() {
        return parentId;
    }
    public void setParentId(Integer parentId) {
        this.parentId = parentId;
    }
    public Integer getLevel() {
        return level;
    }
    public void setLevel(Integer level) {
        this.level = level;
    }
    public Date getCreatedAt() {
        return createdAt;
    }
    public void setCreatedAt(Date createdAt) {
        this.createdAt = createdAt;
    }
    public Date getUpdatedAt() {
        return updatedAt;
    }
    public void setUpdatedAt(Date updatedAt) {
        this.updatedAt = updatedAt;
    }
}

4.3 Mapper接口

客户Mapper

java 复制代码 
package com.example.demo.mapper;

import com.example.demo.model.Customer;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

import java.util.List;

@Mapper
public interface CustomerMapper {
    @Select("SELECT * FROM customer")
    List<Customer> getAllCustomers();

    @Insert("INSERT INTO customer (name, code) VALUES (#{name}, #{code})")
    void insertCustomer(Customer customer);

    @Delete("DELETE FROM customer WHERE id = #{id}")
    void deleteCustomerById(Integer id);

    @Update("UPDATE customer SET name = #{name}, code = #{code} WHERE id = #{id}")
    void updateCustomer(Customer customer);
}

客户树Mapper

java 复制代码 
package com.example.demo.mapper;

import com.example.demo.model.CustomerTree;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

import java.util.List;

@Mapper
public interface CustomerTreeMapper {
    @Select("SELECT * FROM customer_tree")
    List<CustomerTree> getAllCustomerTrees();

    @Insert("INSERT INTO customer_tree (tree_name, root_id, max_level) VALUES (#{treeName}, #{rootId}, #{maxLevel})")
    void insertCustomerTree(CustomerTree customerTree);

    @Delete("DELETE FROM customer_tree WHERE id = #{id}")
    void deleteCustomerTreeById(Integer id);

    @Update("UPDATE customer_tree SET tree_name = #{treeName}, root_id = #{rootId}, max_level = #{maxLevel} WHERE id = #{id}")
    void updateCustomerTree(CustomerTree customerTree);
}

客户关联关系Mapper

java 复制代码 
package com.example.demo.mapper;

import com.example.demo.model.CustomerRelationship;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

import java.util.List;

@Mapper
public interface CustomerRelationshipMapper {
    @Select("SELECT * FROM customer_relationship")
    List<CustomerRelationship> getAllCustomerRelationships();

    @Insert("INSERT INTO customer_relationship (tree_id, customer_id, parent_id, level) VALUES (#{treeId}, #{customerId}, #{parentId}, #{level})")
    void insertCustomerRelationship(CustomerRelationship customerRelationship);

    @Delete("DELETE FROM customer_relationship WHERE id = #{id}")
    void deleteCustomerRelationshipById(Integer id);

    @Update("UPDATE customer_relationship SET tree_id = #{treeId}, customer_id = #{customerId}, parent_id = #{parentId}, level = #{level} WHERE id = #{id}")
    void updateCustomerRelationship(CustomerRelationship customerRelationship);
}

4.4 服务层

客户服务类

java 复制代码 
package com.example.demo.service;

import com.example.demo.mapper.CustomerMapper;
import com.example.demo.model.Customer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class CustomerService {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerMapper customerMapper;

    public List<Customer> getAllCustomers() {
        return customerMapper.getAllCustomers();
    }

    public void addCustomer(Customer customer) {
        customerMapper.insertCustomer(customer);
    }

    public void deleteCustomer(Integer id) {
        customerMapper.deleteCustomerById(id);
    }

    public void updateCustomer(Customer customer) {
        customerMapper.updateCustomer(customer);
    }
}

客户树服务类

java 复制代码 
package com.example.demo.service;

import com.example.demo.mapper.CustomerTreeMapper;
import com.example.demo.model.CustomerTree;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class CustomerTreeService {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerTreeMapper customerTreeMapper;

    public List<CustomerTree> getAllCustomerTrees() {
        return customerTreeMapper.getAllCustomerTrees();
    }

    public void addCustomerTree(CustomerTree customerTree) {
        customerTreeMapper.insertCustomerTree(customerTree);
    }

    public void deleteCustomerTree(Integer id) {
        customerTreeMapper.deleteCustomerTreeById(id);
    }

    public void updateCustomerTree(CustomerTree customerTree) {
        customerTreeMapper.updateCustomerTree(customerTree);
    }
}

客户关联关系服务类

java 复制代码 
package com.example.demo.service;

import com.example.demo.mapper.CustomerRelationshipMapper;
import com.example.demo.model.CustomerRelationship;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class CustomerRelationshipService {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerRelationshipMapper customerRelationshipMapper;

    public List<CustomerRelationship> getAllCustomerRelationships() {
        return customerRelationshipMapper.getAllCustomerRelationships();
    }

    public void addCustomerRelationship(CustomerRelationship customerRelationship) {
        customerRelationshipMapper.insertCustomerRelationship(customerRelationship);
    }

    public void deleteCustomerRelationship(Integer id) {
        customerRelationshipMapper.deleteCustomerRelationshipById(id);
    }

    public void updateCustomerRelationship(CustomerRelationship customerRelationship) {
        customerRelationshipMapper.updateCustomerRelationship(customerRelationship);
    }
}

4.5 控制器

客户控制器

java 复制代码 
package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.model.Customer;
import com.example.demo.service.CustomerService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/customers")
public class CustomerController {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerService customerService;

    @GetMapping
    public List<Customer> getAllCustomers() {
        return customerService.getAllCustomers();
    }

    @PostMapping
    public void addCustomer(@RequestBody Customer customer) {
        customerService.addCustomer(customer);
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public void deleteCustomer(@PathVariable Integer id) {
        customerService.deleteCustomer(id);
    }

    @PutMapping
    public void updateCustomer(@RequestBody Customer customer) {
        customerService.updateCustomer(customer);
    }
}

客户树控制器

java 复制代码 
package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.model.CustomerTree;
import com.example.demo.service.CustomerTreeService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/customer-trees")
public class CustomerTreeController {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerTreeService customerTreeService;

    @GetMapping
    public List<CustomerTree> getAllCustomerTrees() {
        return customerTreeService.getAllCustomerTrees();
    }

    @PostMapping
    public void addCustomerTree(@RequestBody CustomerTree customerTree) {
        customerTreeService.addCustomerTree(customerTree);
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public void deleteCustomerTree(@PathVariable Integer id) {
        customerTreeService.deleteCustomerTree(id);
    }

    @PutMapping
    public void updateCustomerTree(@RequestBody CustomerTree customerTree) {
        customerTreeService.updateCustomerTree(customerTree);
    }
}

客户关联关系控制器

java 复制代码 
package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.model.CustomerRelationship;
import com.example.demo.service.CustomerRelationshipService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/customer-relationships")
public class CustomerRelationshipController {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerRelationshipService customerRelationshipService;

    @GetMapping
    public List<CustomerRelationship> getAllCustomerRelationships() {
        return customerRelationshipService.getAllCustomerRelationships();
    }

    @PostMapping
    public void addCustomerRelationship(@RequestBody CustomerRelationship customerRelationship) {
        customerRelationshipService.addCustomerRelationship(customerRelationship);
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public void deleteCustomerRelationship(@PathVariable Integer id) {
        customerRelationshipService.deleteCustomerRelationship(id);
    }

    @PutMapping
    public void updateCustomerRelationship(@RequestBody CustomerRelationship customerRelationship) {
        customerRelationshipService.updateCustomerRelationship(customerRelationship);
    }
}

五、总结

本文通过设计客户表、客户树表和客户关联关系表，展示了如何构建和管理客户树及其关联关系。这种设计可以满足企业级应用中对客户关系管理的需求，同时提供了灵活的查询和操作功能。希望本文能够为需要实现类似功能的开发者提供参考。如果对本文有任何疑问或建议，欢迎在评论区留言。

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