yum 报错误提示：yum-config-manager --disable ＜repoid＞

yum 报以下错误：

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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base                                                                                                                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00


One of the configured repositories failed (Unknown),
and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue.  At this point the only
safe thing yum can do is fail.  There are a few ways to work "fix" this:

1.  Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem.

2.  Reconfigure the baseurl/etc.  for the repository, to point to a working
upstream.  This is most often useful if you are using a newer
distribution release than is supported by the repository (and the
packages for the previous distribution release still work).

3.  Disable the repository, so yum won't use it by default.  Yum will then
just ignore the repository until you permanently enable it again or use
--enablerepo for temporary usage:

yum-config-manager --disable <repoid>

4.  Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable.
Note that yum will try to contact the repo.  when it runs most commands,
so will have to try and fail each time (and thus.  yum will be be much
slower).  If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nice
compromise:

yum-config-manager --save --setopt=<repoid>.skip_if_unavailable=true

Cannot retrieve metalink for repository: epel/x86_64.  Please verify its path and try again

解决方法：

一：确认EPEL仓库是否已正确安装

sudo yum install epel-release -y

执行失败用

sudo rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

二：修改EPEL仓库配置

编辑EPEL仓库配置文件：

sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

方法一：使用baseurl代替metalink

找到 $epel$ 部分，注释metalink行，取消注释baseurl行，并检查URL是否正确：

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[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch
#metalink=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-$releasever&arch=$basearch
baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-$releasever

方法二：更换镜像源

如果默认镜像不可用，可替换为国内镜像（如阿里云）：

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baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/

三：清除Yum缓存并更新

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sudo yum clean all         # 清理旧缓存
sudo yum makecache         # 生成新缓存
sudo yum update            # 测试仓库是否可用

四：临时禁用EPEL仓库

如果问题仍未解决，临时禁用EPEL仓库：

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sudo yum --disablerepo=epel update

有用则可以设置，永久禁用：

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sudo yum-config-manager --disable epel