步骤一：# 备份现有的 yum 源配置文件
sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup步骤二：#配置清华源
sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo << 'EOF'
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.9.2009/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.9.2009/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.9.2009/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.9.2009/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
EOF步骤三：清理并重建 yum 缓存
# 清理所有 yum 缓存
sudo yum clean all
sudo rm -rf /var/cache/yum
# 重建 yum 缓存
sudo yum makecache
# 测试 yum 是否正常工作
sudo yum check-update步骤四：安装 PostgreSQL 15
# 1. 添加 PostgreSQL 官方仓库
sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/pgdg.repo << 'EOF'
[pgdg15]
name=PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL/CentOS 7 - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/15/redhat/rhel-7-$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG-15
EOF
# 2. 更新缓存并安装
sudo yum makecache
sudo yum install -y postgresql15-server postgresql15-contrib
# 如果上面的官方源下载慢，可以使用国内镜像
sudo sed -i 's|https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/15/redhat/rhel-7-$basearch|https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/15/redhat/rhel-7-$basearch|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/pgdg.repo步骤五：初始化和配置 PostgreSQL
# 1. 初始化数据库
sudo /usr/pgsql-15/bin/postgresql-15-setup initdb
# 2. 启动 PostgreSQL 服务
sudo systemctl start postgresql-15
# 3. 设置开机自启
sudo systemctl enable postgresql-15
# 4. 查看服务状态
sudo systemctl status postgresql-15
# 5. 修改 postgres 用户密码
sudo -u postgres psql -c "ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'YourNewPassword123';"
# 6. 允许远程连接（可选）
# 修改配置文件
sudo vi /var/lib/pgsql/15/data/postgresql.conf
# 找到 listen_addresses，修改为：listen_addresses = '*'
# 修改认证配置
sudo vi /var/lib/pgsql/15/data/pg_hba.conf
# 在文件末尾添加：
# host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
# 7. 重启 PostgreSQL 使配置生效
sudo systemctl restart postgresql-15
# 8. 配置防火墙（如果需要）
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=5432/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload验证安装
# 检查 PostgreSQL 版本
sudo -u postgres psql --version
# 登录 PostgreSQL
sudo -u postgres psql
# 在 psql 命令行中执行：
\conninfo
\l # 列出数据库
\q # 退出