两年前写过Tushare的简单使用：
Python量化交易08------利用Tushare获取日K数据_skshare-
现在更新一下吧，这两年用过不少的金融数据库，akshare，baostock，雅虎的，pd自带的......发现还是Tushare最稳定最好用，虽然他收费，但是收费的东西质量确实好一点。
可能我以后也会用Tushare偏多了，这里就演示一下怎么用Tushare获取各种金融或者是宏观经济的数据，总比去什么万德，去什么同花顺，去什么统计年鉴一个个复制粘贴好吧.......
本次就获取K线数据，市盈率，市净率，换手率，还有宏观经济的GDP,LPR,CPI,PPI,PMI,M0,M1,M2,还有财务报表里面的指标，资产负债表，现金流量表，利润表等进行演示。
代码实现
先导入包：
python
import tushare as ts
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd然后输入自己的api_token，我这里把我的打码了。
python
#获取api接口
token = '7************************************4b25'
ts.set_token(token)
pro = ts.pro_api()api_token相当于是自己的账号标识，tushare用这个表示不同的用户，以此来看是不是有足够的积分获取不同类型的数据。不知道怎么申请的去官网注册一下，然后看看这里官方文档就行了：如何获取token
注意本文可能有的指标需要积分大于2000或者5000才能获取。
初始化一些参数
python
start_date='20230401' ; end_date='20250431'
index_codes=['000001.SH','399001.SZ','399006.SZ','000300.SH']
stock_codes=['600519.SH','601318.SH','600276.SH']因为任何经济数据都有日期范围的，我们就随便设一下就好，然后 index_codes是指数代码，stock_codes是个股代码，我这里随便选了几个，方便演示。例如000001.SH是上证指数,'000300.SH是沪深300指数。399001.SZ是深证成指。
'600519.SH' 是贵州茅台，,'601318.SH'是中国平安，'600276.SH是恒瑞医药。
下面开始演示怎么用代码获取数据。
基础交易数据
指数交易数据
指数的日K交易数据的接口如下，我们这里面用index_codes[0]第0个，也就是上证指数来作为演示。
python
trade_data=pro.index_daily(ts_code=index_codes[0], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date).set_index('trade_date').sort_index()
pe_data=pro.index_dailybasic(ts_code=index_codes[0], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date).set_index('trade_date').sort_index().drop(columns='ts_code')trade_data就是K线数据，每日的收盘开盘，成交量，金额什么的，展示前三行看看：
python
trade_data.head(3)
pe_data里面就是什么市值，市盈率，市净率，换手率之类的指标，如下：
展示前三行看看：
python
pe_data.head(3)
个股交易数据
上面是指数数据的，个股的数据是类似的，就是接口有点不一样。
们这里面用stocks_codes[0]第0个，也就是贵州茅台来作为演示。
python
trade_data=pro.daily(ts_code=stock_codes[0], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date).set_index('trade_date').sort_index()
pe_data=pro.daily_basic(ts_code=stock_codes[0], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date).set_index('trade_date').sort_index().drop(columns='ts_code')还是一样的K线数据和换手率等指标连个表，展示一下前几行。
python
trade_data.head(3)
python
pe_data.head(3)
宏观经济指标
上面这都是个股的交易K线数据，下面展示一些常见的宏观经济指标，论文和研究用的都比较多的：
贷款基础利率
python
### 贷款基础利率
lpr=pro.shibor_lpr(start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date, fields='date,1y').rename(columns={"1y":'LPR'}).set_index('date').sort_index()
lpr.index = pd.to_datetime(lpr.index, format='%Y-%m-%d')
lpr = lpr.resample('D').ffill()
lpr
GDP
python
### gdp
gdp=pro.cn_gdp(start_q='2023Q2', end_q='2025Q3', fields='quarter,gdp,pi,si,ti')#.set_index('quarter').sort_index()
gdp
需要时间更长的就把start_q='2023Q2', end_q='2025Q3', 里面改成自己需要的时间段就好了。GDP本就是季度数据，每一个季度就只有一个值。
CPI
物价指数
python
cpi=pro.cn_cpi(start_m='201407', end_m='202407', fields='month,nt_val')
cpi
PPI
python
ppi=pro.cn_ppi(start_m='201407', end_m='202407', fields='month,ppi_yoy')
ppi
PMI
python
PMI=pro.cn_pmi(start_m='201407', end_m='202407', fields='month,pmi010000,pmi030000')
PMI
货币供应量
python
M=pro.cn_m(start_m='201407', end_m='202407', fields='month,m0,m1,m2')
M
社融
python
## 社会融资
SR=pro.sf_month(start_m='201407', end_m='202407',fields='month,inc_month')
SR
财务报表
财务的同学可能有的需要资产负债表，现金流量表，利润表里面的东西。
tushare很方便就能获取一个公式的全部财务数据，数据也是季度的。
利润表
python
income_data = pro.income(ts_code=stock_codes[1], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date)#.drop(columns=columns1)
income_data
资产负债表
python
balance_sheet = pro.balancesheet(ts_code=stock_codes[1], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date)#.drop_duplicates(['报告期']).drop(columns=columns2)
balance_sheet
现金流量表
python
cash_flow = pro.cashflow(ts_code=stock_codes[1], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date)#.drop_duplicates(['报告期'])#.drop(columns=columns3)
cash_flow
有的同学说你这一个表100多个变量，全是英文看不懂怎么办。
我整理了这些变量的含义在这：
python
# 定义一个空字典来存储变量名称和描述
variables_dict = {
"ts_code": "TS股票代码",
"ann_date": "公告日期",
"f_ann_date": "实际公告日期",
"end_date": "报告期",
"report_type": "报告类型 见底部表",
"comp_type": "公司类型(1一般工商业2银行3保险4证券)",
"end_type": "报告期类型",
"basic_eps": "基本每股收益",
"diluted_eps": "稀释每股收益",
"total_revenue": "营业总收入",
"revenue": "营业收入",
"int_income": "利息收入",
"prem_earned": "已赚保费",
"comm_income": "手续费及佣金收入",
"n_commis_income": "手续费及佣金净收入",
"n_oth_income": "其他经营净收益",
"n_oth_b_income": "加:其他业务净收益",
"prem_income": "保险业务收入",
"out_prem": "减:分出保费",
"une_prem_reser": "提取未到期责任准备金",
"reins_income": "其中:分保费收入",
"n_sec_tb_income": "代理买卖证券业务净收入",
"n_sec_uw_income": "证券承销业务净收入",
"n_asset_mg_income": "受托客户资产管理业务净收入",
"oth_b_income": "其他业务收入",
"fv_value_chg_gain": "加:公允价值变动净收益",
"invest_income": "加:投资净收益",
"ass_invest_income": "其中:对联营企业和合营企业的投资收益",
"forex_gain": "加:汇兑净收益",
"total_cogs": "营业总成本",
"oper_cost": "减:营业成本",
"int_exp": "减:利息支出",
"comm_exp": "减:手续费及佣金支出",
"biz_tax_surchg": "减:营业税金及附加",
"sell_exp": "减:销售费用",
"admin_exp": "减:管理费用",
"fin_exp": "减:财务费用",
"assets_impair_loss": "减:资产减值损失",
"prem_refund": "退保金",
"compens_payout": "赔付总支出",
"reser_insur_liab": "提取保险责任准备金",
"div_payt": "保户红利支出",
"reins_exp": "分保费用",
"oper_exp": "营业支出",
"compens_payout_refu": "减:摊回赔付支出",
"insur_reser_refu": "减:摊回保险责任准备金",
"reins_cost_refund": "减:摊回分保费用",
"other_bus_cost": "其他业务成本",
"operate_profit": "营业利润",
"non_oper_income": "加:营业外收入",
"non_oper_exp": "减:营业外支出",
"nca_disploss": "其中:减:非流动资产处置净损失",
"total_profit": "利润总额",
"income_tax": "所得税费用",
"n_income": "净利润(含少数股东损益)",
"n_income_attr_p": "净利润(不含少数股东损益)",
"minority_gain": "少数股东损益",
"oth_compr_income": "其他综合收益",
"t_compr_income": "综合收益总额",
"compr_inc_attr_p": "归属于母公司(或股东)的综合收益总额",
"compr_inc_attr_m_s": "归属于少数股东的综合收益总额",
"ebit": "息税前利润",
"ebitda": "息税折旧摊销前利润",
"insurance_exp": "保险业务支出",
"undist_profit": "年初未分配利润",
"distable_profit": "可分配利润",
"rd_exp": "研发费用",
"fin_exp_int_exp": "财务费用:利息费用",
"fin_exp_int_inc": "财务费用:利息收入",
"transfer_surplus_rese": "盈余公积转入",
"transfer_housing_imprest": "住房周转金转入",
"transfer_oth": "其他转入",
"adj_lossgain": "调整以前年度损益",
"withdra_legal_surplus": "提取法定盈余公积",
"withdra_legal_pubfund": "提取法定公益金",
"withdra_biz_devfund": "提取企业发展基金",
"withdra_rese_fund": "提取储备基金",
"withdra_oth_ersu": "提取任意盈余公积金",
"workers_welfare": "职工奖金福利",
"distr_profit_shrhder": "可供股东分配的利润",
"prfshare_payable_dvd": "应付优先股股利",
"comshare_payable_dvd": "应付普通股股利",
"capit_comstock_div": "转作股本的普通股股利",
"net_after_nr_lp_correct": "扣除非经常性损益后的净利润（更正前）",
"credit_impa_loss": "信用减值损失",
"net_expo_hedging_benefits": "净敞口套期收益",
"oth_impair_loss_assets": "其他资产减值损失",
"total_opcost": "营业总成本（二）",
"amodcost_fin_assets": "以摊余成本计量的金融资产终止确认收益",
"oth_income": "其他收益",
"asset_disp_income": "资产处置收益",
"continued_net_profit": "持续经营净利润",
"end_net_profit": "终止经营净利润",
"update_flag": "更新标识"
}
# 定义一个空字典来存储变量名称和描述
variables_dict_2 = {
"ts_code": "TS股票代码",
"ann_date": "公告日期",
"f_ann_date": "实际公告日期",
"end_date": "报告期",
"report_type": "报表类型",
"comp_type": "公司类型(1一般工商业2银行3保险4证券)",
"end_type": "报告期类型",
"total_share": "期末总股本",
"cap_rese": "资本公积金",
"undistr_porfit": "未分配利润",
"surplus_rese": "盈余公积金",
"special_rese": "专项储备",
"money_cap": "货币资金",
"trad_asset": "交易性金融资产",
"notes_receiv": "应收票据",
"accounts_receiv": "应收账款",
"oth_receiv": "其他应收款",
"prepayment": "预付款项",
"div_receiv": "应收股利",
"int_receiv": "应收利息",
"inventories": "存货",
"amor_exp": "待摊费用",
"nca_within_1y": "一年内到期的非流动资产",
"sett_rsrv": "结算备付金",
"loanto_oth_bank_fi": "拆出资金",
"premium_receiv": "应收保费",
"reinsur_receiv": "应收分保账款",
"reinsur_res_receiv": "应收分保合同准备金",
"pur_resale_fa": "买入返售金融资产",
"oth_cur_assets": "其他流动资产",
"total_cur_assets": "流动资产合计",
"fa_avail_for_sale": "可供出售金融资产",
"htm_invest": "持有至到期投资",
"lt_eqt_invest": "长期股权投资",
"invest_real_estate": "投资性房地产",
"time_deposits": "定期存款",
"oth_assets": "其他资产",
"lt_rec": "长期应收款",
"fix_assets": "固定资产",
"cip": "在建工程",
"const_materials": "工程物资",
"fixed_assets_disp": "固定资产清理",
"produc_bio_assets": "生产性生物资产",
"oil_and_gas_assets": "油气资产",
"intan_assets": "无形资产",
"r_and_d": "研发支出",
"goodwill": "商誉",
"lt_amor_exp": "长期待摊费用",
"defer_tax_assets": "递延所得税资产",
"decr_in_disbur": "发放贷款及垫款",
"oth_nca": "其他非流动资产",
"total_nca": "非流动资产合计",
"cash_reser_cb": "现金及存放中央银行款项",
"depos_in_oth_bfi": "存放同业和其它金融机构款项",
"prec_metals": "贵金属",
"deriv_assets": "衍生金融资产",
"rr_reins_une_prem": "应收分保未到期责任准备金",
"rr_reins_outstd_cla": "应收分保未决赔款准备金",
"rr_reins_lins_liab": "应收分保寿险责任准备金",
"rr_reins_lthins_liab": "应收分保长期健康险责任准备金",
"refund_depos": "存出保证金",
"ph_pledge_loans": "保户质押贷款",
"refund_cap_depos": "存出资本保证金",
"indep_acct_assets": "独立账户资产",
"client_depos": "其中：客户资金存款",
"client_prov": "其中：客户备付金",
"transac_seat_fee": "其中:交易席位费",
"invest_as_receiv": "应收款项类投资",
"total_assets": "资产总计",
"lt_borr": "长期借款",
"st_borr": "短期借款",
"cb_borr": "向中央银行借款",
"depos_ib_deposits": "吸收存款及同业存放",
"loan_oth_bank": "拆入资金",
"trading_fl": "交易性金融负债",
"notes_payable": "应付票据",
"acct_payable": "应付账款",
"adv_receipts": "预收款项",
"sold_for_repur_fa": "卖出回购金融资产款",
"comm_payable": "应付手续费及佣金",
"payroll_payable": "应付职工薪酬",
"taxes_payable": "应交税费",
"int_payable": "应付利息",
"div_payable": "应付股利",
"oth_payable": "其他应付款",
"acc_exp": "预提费用",
"deferred_inc": "递延收益",
"st_bonds_payable": "应付短期债券",
"payable_to_reinsurer": "应付分保账款",
"rsrv_insur_cont": "保险合同准备金",
"acting_trading_sec": "代理买卖证券款",
"acting_uw_sec": "代理承销证券款",
"non_cur_liab_due_1y": "一年内到期的非流动负债",
"oth_cur_liab": "其他流动负债",
"total_cur_liab": "流动负债合计",
"bond_payable": "应付债券",
"lt_payable": "长期应付款",
"specific_payables": "专项应付款",
"estimated_liab": "预计负债",
"defer_tax_liab": "递延所得税负债",
"defer_inc_non_cur_liab": "递延收益-非流动负债",
"oth_ncl": "其他非流动负债",
"total_ncl": "非流动负债合计",
"depos_oth_bfi": "同业和其它金融机构存放款项",
"deriv_liab": "衍生金融负债",
"depos": "吸收存款",
"agency_bus_liab": "代理业务负债",
"oth_liab": "其他负债",
"prem_receiv_adva": "预收保费",
"depos_received": "存入保证金",
"ph_invest": "保户储金及投资款",
"reser_une_prem": "未到期责任准备金",
"reser_outstd_claims": "未决赔款准备金",
"reser_lins_liab": "寿险责任准备金",
"reser_lthins_liab": "长期健康险责任准备金",
"indept_acc_liab": "独立账户负债",
"pledge_borr": "其中:质押借款",
"indem_payable": "应付赔付款",
"policy_div_payable": "应付保单红利",
"total_liab": "负债合计",
"treasury_share": "减:库存股",
"ordin_risk_reser": "一般风险准备",
"forex_differ": "外币报表折算差额",
"invest_loss_unconf": "未确认的投资损失",
"minority_int": "少数股东权益",
"total_hldr_eqy_exc_min_int": "股东权益合计(不含少数股东权益)",
"total_hldr_eqy_inc_min_int": "股东权益合计(含少数股东权益)",
"total_liab_hldr_eqy": "负债及股东权益总计",
"lt_payroll_payable": "长期应付职工薪酬",
"oth_comp_income": "其他综合收益",
"oth_eqt_tools": "其他权益工具",
"oth_eqt_tools_p_shr": "其他权益工具(优先股)",
"lending_funds": "融出资金",
"acc_receivable": "应收款项",
"st_fin_payable": "应付短期融资款",
"payables": "应付款项",
"hfs_assets": "持有待售的资产",
"hfs_sales": "持有待售的负债",
"cost_fin_assets": "以摊余成本计量的金融资产",
"fair_value_fin_assets": "以公允价值计量且其变动计入其他综合收益的金融资产",
"cip_total": "在建工程(合计)(元)",
"oth_pay_total": "其他应付款(合计)(元)",
"long_pay_total": "长期应付款(合计)(元)",
"debt_invest": "债权投资(元)",
"oth_debt_invest": "其他债权投资(元)",
"oth_eq_invest": "其他权益工具投资(元)",
"oth_illiq_fin_assets": "其他非流动金融资产(元)",
"oth_eq_ppbond": "其他权益工具:永续债(元)",
"receiv_financing": "应收款项融资",
"use_right_assets": "使用权资产",
"lease_liab": "租赁负债",
"contract_assets": "合同资产",
"contract_liab": "合同负债",
"accounts_receiv_bill": "应收票据及应收账款",
"accounts_pay": "应付票据及应付账款",
"oth_rcv_total": "其他应收款(合计)（元）",
"fix_assets_total": "固定资产(合计)(元)",
"update_flag": "更新标识"
}
# 定义一个空字典来存储变量名称和描述
variables_dict_3 = {
"ts_code": "TS股票代码",
"ann_date": "公告日期",
"f_ann_date": "实际公告日期",
"end_date": "报告期",
"comp_type": "公司类型(1一般工商业2银行3保险4证券)",
"report_type": "报表类型",
"end_type": "报告期类型",
"net_profit": "净利润",
"finan_exp": "财务费用",
"c_fr_sale_sg": "销售商品、提供劳务收到的现金",
"recp_tax_rends": "收到的税费返还",
"n_depos_incr_fi": "客户存款和同业存放款项净增加额",
"n_incr_loans_cb": "向中央银行借款净增加额",
"n_inc_borr_oth_fi": "向其他金融机构拆入资金净增加额",
"prem_fr_orig_contr": "收到原保险合同保费取得的现金",
"n_incr_insured_dep": "保户储金净增加额",
"n_reinsur_prem": "收到再保业务现金净额",
"n_incr_disp_tfa": "处置交易性金融资产净增加额",
"ifc_cash_incr": "收取利息和手续费净增加额",
"n_incr_disp_faas": "处置可供出售金融资产净增加额",
"n_incr_loans_oth_bank": "拆入资金净增加额",
"n_cap_incr_repur": "回购业务资金净增加额",
"c_fr_oth_operate_a": "收到其他与经营活动有关的现金",
"c_inf_fr_operate_a": "经营活动现金流入小计",
"c_paid_goods_s": "购买商品、接受劳务支付的现金",
"c_paid_to_for_empl": "支付给职工以及为职工支付的现金",
"c_paid_for_taxes": "支付的各项税费",
"n_incr_clt_loan_adv": "客户贷款及垫款净增加额",
"n_incr_dep_cbob": "存放央行和同业款项净增加额",
"c_pay_claims_orig_inco": "支付原保险合同赔付款项的现金",
"pay_handling_chrg": "支付手续费的现金",
"pay_comm_insur_plcy": "支付保单红利的现金",
"oth_cash_pay_oper_act": "支付其他与经营活动有关的现金",
"st_cash_out_act": "经营活动现金流出小计",
"n_cashflow_act": "经营活动产生的现金流量净额",
"oth_recp_ral_inv_act": "收到其他与投资活动有关的现金",
"c_disp_withdrwl_invest": "收回投资收到的现金",
"c_recp_return_invest": "取得投资收益收到的现金",
"n_recp_disp_fiolta": "处置固定资产、无形资产和其他长期资产收回的现金净额",
"n_recp_disp_sobu": "处置子公司及其他营业单位收到的现金净额",
"stot_inflows_inv_act": "投资活动现金流入小计",
"c_pay_acq_const_fiolta": "购建固定资产、无形资产和其他长期资产支付的现金",
"c_paid_invest": "投资支付的现金",
"n_disp_subs_oth_biz": "取得子公司及其他营业单位支付的现金净额",
"oth_pay_ral_inv_act": "支付其他与投资活动有关的现金",
"n_incr_pledge_loan": "质押贷款净增加额",
"stot_out_inv_act": "投资活动现金流出小计",
"n_cashflow_inv_act": "投资活动产生的现金流量净额",
"c_recp_borrow": "取得借款收到的现金",
"proc_issue_bonds": "发行债券收到的现金",
"oth_cash_recp_ral_fnc_act": "收到其他与筹资活动有关的现金",
"stot_cash_in_fnc_act": "筹资活动现金流入小计",
"free_cashflow": "企业自由现金流量",
"c_prepay_amt_borr": "偿还债务支付的现金",
"c_pay_dist_dpcp_int_exp": "分配股利、利润或偿付利息支付的现金",
"incl_dvd_profit_paid_sc_ms": "其中:子公司支付给少数股东的股利、利润",
"oth_cashpay_ral_fnc_act": "支付其他与筹资活动有关的现金",
"stot_cashout_fnc_act": "筹资活动现金流出小计",
"n_cash_flows_fnc_act": "筹资活动产生的现金流量净额",
"eff_fx_flu_cash": "汇率变动对现金的影响",
"n_incr_cash_cash_equ": "现金及现金等价物净增加额",
"c_cash_equ_beg_period": "期初现金及现金等价物余额",
"c_cash_equ_end_period": "期末现金及现金等价物余额",
"c_recp_cap_contrib": "吸收投资收到的现金",
"incl_cash_rec_saims": "其中:子公司吸收少数股东投资收到的现金",
"uncon_invest_loss": "未确认投资损失",
"prov_depr_assets": "加:资产减值准备",
"depr_fa_coga_dpba": "固定资产折旧、油气资产折耗、生产性生物资产折旧",
"amort_intang_assets": "无形资产摊销",
"lt_amort_deferred_exp": "长期待摊费用摊销",
"decr_deferred_exp": "待摊费用减少",
"incr_acc_exp": "预提费用增加",
"loss_disp_fiolta": "处置固定、无形资产和其他长期资产的损失",
"loss_scr_fa": "固定资产报废损失",
"loss_fv_chg": "公允价值变动损失",
"invest_loss": "投资损失",
"decr_def_inc_tax_assets": "递延所得税资产减少",
"incr_def_inc_tax_liab": "递延所得税负债增加",
"decr_inventories": "存货的减少",
"decr_oper_payable": "经营性应收项目的减少",
"incr_oper_payable": "经营性应付项目的增加",
"others": "其他",
"im_net_cashflow_oper_act": "经营活动产生的现金流量净额(间接法)",
"conv_debt_into_cap": "债务转为资本",
"conv_copbonds_due_within_1y": "一年内到期的可转换公司债券",
"fa_fnc_leases": "融资租入固定资产",
"im_n_incr_cash_equ": "现金及现金等价物净增加额(间接法)",
"net_dism_capital_add": "拆出资金净增加额",
"net_cash_rece_sec": "代理买卖证券收到的现金净额(元)",
"credit_impa_loss": "信用减值损失",
"use_right_asset_dep": "使用权资产折旧",
"oth_loss_asset": "其他资产减值损失",
"end_bal_cash": "现金的期末余额",
"beg_bal_cash": "减:现金的期初余额",
"end_bal_cash_equ": "加:现金等价物的期末余额",
"beg_bal_cash_equ": "减:现金等价物的期初余额",
"update_flag": "更新标志(1最新）"
}还看不懂就去官网找吧，地址：
官网上面还有很多数据接口，比如什么黄金，外汇，基金，债券，期货........时间原因就不演示那么多了。自己去看官网上怎么用的，都很简单。
注意有的指标可能有的指标需要积分大于2000或者5000才能获取。像美股这种话需要单独充钱。
