训练和测试的规范写法
知识点回顾：
1.彩色和灰度图片测试和训练的规范写法：封装在函数中
2.展平操作：除第一个维度batchsize外全部展平
3.dropout操作：训练阶段随机丢弃神经元，测试阶段eval模式关闭dropout
python
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, Dataset
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
torch.manual_seed(42)
device = torch.device("cuda"if torch.cuda.is_available() else"cpu")
print(device)
python
#1预处理
transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.1307, ), (0.3081,))
]
)
#2加载数据集
train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(
root="./data",
train=True,
download=True,
transform=transform
)
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(
root="./data",
train=False,
download=True,
transform=transform
)
#3创建数据加载器
batch_size = 64
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
dataset=train_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True
)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
dataset=test_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=False
)
#4定义模型
class MLP(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(MLP, self).__init__()
self.flatten = nn.Flatten()
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(28*28, 128)
self.relu = nn.ReLU()
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(128, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.flatten(x)
x = self.fc1(x)
x = self.relu(x)
x = self.fc2(x)
return x
model = MLP()
model = model.to(device)
#定义损失函数和优化器
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)
python
#5训练模型（记录每个iteration的loss）
def train(model, train_loader, test_loader, criterion, optimizer, epochs, device):
model.train() #设置为训练模式
#记录损失
all_iter_losses = [] #记录所有batch的loss
iter_indices = [] #记录每个iteration的索引
for epoch in range(epochs):
running_loss = 0.0 #记录每个epoch的loss
correct = 0 #记录每个epoch的correct
total =0 #记录每个epoch的total
for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
optimizer.zero_grad()#梯度清零
output = model(data)
loss = criterion(output, target)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
#记录当前iteration的损失
iter_loss = loss.item()
all_iter_losses.append(iter_loss)
iter_indices.append(epoch * len(train_loader) + batch_idx + 1)
#统计准确率和损失
running_loss += loss.item()
#`_`来表示我们不关心第一个返回值（即最大值），只关心第二个返回值（即最大值的索引），这个索引就是模型预测的类别。
_, predicted = torch.max(output.data, 1)
total += target.size(0)
correct += predicted.eq(target).sum().item()
#每100个batch打印一次训练状态
if (batch_idx + 1) % 100 == 0:
print(f"Epoch:{epoch + 1}/{epochs}|Batch:{batch_idx + 1}/{len(train_loader)}",
f"|单batch损失：{iter_loss:.4f}|累计平均损失：{running_loss/(batch_idx + 1):.4f}|")
#测试，打印结果
epoch_train_loss = running_loss / len(train_loader)
epoch_train_acc = 100. * correct / total
epoch_test_loss, epoch_test_acc = test(model, test_loader, criterion,device)
print(f"Epoch{epoch + 1}/{epochs}完成|训练准确率：{epoch_train_acc:.2f}|测试准确率：{epoch_test_acc:.2f}")
#绘制所有iteration损失函数
plot_iter_losses(all_iter_losses, iter_indices)
return epoch_test_acc
python
#6测试模型
def test(model, test_loader, criterion, device):
model.eval() # 设置为评估模式
test_loss = 0
correct = 0
total = 0
with torch.no_grad():#测试时关闭梯度计算
for data, target in test_loader:
data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
output = model(data)
test_loss += criterion(output, target).item()
_, predicted = output.max(1)
total += target.size(0)
correct += predicted.eq(target).sum().item()
avg_loss = test_loss / len(test_loader)
accuracy = 100. * correct / total
return avg_loss, accuracy
python
#7绘制损失曲线
def plot_iter_losses(losses, indices):
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
plt.plot(indices, losses, 'b-', alpha=0.7, label='Iteration Loss')
plt.xlabel('Iteration(Batch)序号')
plt.ylabel('Loss')
plt.title('Iteration Loss Curve')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
python
#8执行训练和测试（epochs=2 验证结果）
epochs = 2
print("开始训练")
final_accuracy = train(model, train_loader, test_loader, criterion, optimizer, epochs, device)
print(f"训练结束,最终准确率为{final_accuracy:.4f}") 