在 Flutter 中集成 C/C++ 代码 BLE LC3( 基于 AI 教程 )

本教程/案例是结合 AI 完成的,采用 FFI (Foreign Function Interface) 。里面案例都实操验证过。

AI: Claude 4 Connect

零. 什么是 BLE LC3 ?

刚接触这个,不知道这个到底是啥,有没有对应的 Flutter 库,我们可以这样问 AI

markdown 复制代码
什么是 BLE LC3 ?有没有Flutter的库实现,如果没有有哪些方式在 Flutter 中实现这些功能

得到的回复:

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BLE LC3 是指在蓝牙低功耗(Bluetooth Low Energy)环境中使用 LC3(Low Complexity Communication Codec)音频编解码器的技术组合。让我为您详细解释:

## 什么是 BLE LC3?

### LC3 编解码器
- **全称**:Low Complexity Communication Codec
- **标准**:蓝牙 SIG 在 Bluetooth LE Audio 规范中定义
- **特点**:
  - 低延迟、高质量的音频编解码
  - 专为蓝牙音频应用优化
  - 支持立体声和单声道
  - 比传统 SBC 编解码器更高效

### BLE Audio 架构
- **BAP**(Basic Audio Profile):基础音频配置文件
- **CAP**(Common Audio Profile):通用音频配置文件
- **CSIP**(Coordinated Set Identification Profile):协调集识别配置文件
- **支持功能**:助听器、音频共享、广播音频等

## Flutter 中的实现方案

### 1. 现有 Flutter 库状况
目前 **没有成熟的 Flutter 库** 直接支持 BLE LC3,主要原因:
- BLE Audio 是相对较新的技术(2020年发布)
- 需要硬件和操作系统支持
- Flutter 生态系统中此类库还在发展中

### 2. 实现方式

#### 方案一:Platform Channel + 原生实现
```dart
// Flutter 端
class BleLC3Manager {
  static const MethodChannel _channel = MethodChannel('ble_lc3');
  
  Future<bool> startLC3Streaming() async {
    return await _channel.invokeMethod('startStreaming');
  }
  
  Future<void> stopLC3Streaming() async {
    await _channel.invokeMethod('stopStreaming');
  }
}
```

**Android 原生实现**:
- 使用 Android BluetoothLeAudio API
- 集成 LC3 编解码库
- 处理音频数据流

**iOS 原生实现**:
- 使用 Core Bluetooth 框架
- 集成相应的音频处理库

#### 方案二:使用现有蓝牙库扩展

**推荐库**:
```yaml
dependencies:
  flutter_bluetooth_serial: ^0.4.0
  flutter_blue_plus: ^1.12.13
  just_audio: ^0.9.34
```

**基础实现框架**:
```dart
import 'package:flutter_blue_plus/flutter_blue_plus.dart';

class BleAudioService {
  BluetoothDevice? connectedDevice;
  BluetoothCharacteristic? audioCharacteristic;
  
  Future<void> connectToAudioDevice(String deviceId) async {
    // 连接到 BLE 设备
    // 发现音频服务
    // 订阅音频特征值
  }
  
  Future<void> startAudioStream() async {
    // 开始音频流传输
    // 处理 LC3 编解码(需要原生实现)
  }
}
```

#### 方案三:FFI (Foreign Function Interface)
```dart
import 'dart:ffi';
import 'package:ffi/ffi.dart';

// 调用 C/C++ LC3 库
class LC3Codec {
  late DynamicLibrary _lib;
  
  LC3Codec() {
    _lib = DynamicLibrary.open('lc3_codec.so'); // Android
    // _lib = DynamicLibrary.open('lc3_codec.dylib'); // iOS
  }
  
  // 定义 C 函数签名
  late final _encode = _lib.lookupFunction<
    Int32 Function(Pointer<Uint8>, Int32, Pointer<Uint8>),
    int Function(Pointer<Uint8>, int, Pointer<Uint8>)
  >('lc3_encode');
}
```

### 3. 推荐的开发路径

#### 第一阶段:基础 BLE 连接
```dart
// 1. 使用 flutter_blue_plus 建立 BLE 连接
// 2. 实现设备发现和配对
// 3. 建立基础的数据传输通道
```

#### 第二阶段:音频处理
```dart
// 1. 集成音频录制/播放功能
// 2. 实现基础的音频数据传输
// 3. 添加音频格式转换
```

#### 第三阶段:LC3 集成
```dart
// 1. 通过 Platform Channel 调用原生 LC3 实现
// 2. 处理编解码逻辑
// 3. 优化音频质量和延迟
```

### 4. 技术挑战和注意事项

1. **硬件支持**:需要支持 BLE Audio 的设备
2. **操作系统版本**:
   - Android 13+ 对 BLE Audio 支持较好
   - iOS 需要相应版本支持
3. **权限管理**:需要蓝牙和音频相关权限
4. **性能优化**:音频处理对实时性要求高

### 5. 替代方案

如果 LC3 实现复杂,可以考虑:
- 使用传统的 A2DP 蓝牙音频
- 实现自定义的音频编解码方案
- 使用 WebRTC 进行音频传输

目前来看,在 Flutter 中实现完整的 BLE LC3 功能需要大量的原生开发工作,建议根据具体需求选择合适的实现方案。

可以看到 AI 提供了三种方案,但是我看了方案二更像是完整的解决方案,因为里面还是要原生实现,所以我们可以采用方案一或方案三,下面我采用方案三的方式实现,我们基于上面的方式继续下面的操作。

我们采用方案三,但是我并不知道 lc3_codec.so 怎么获取到,于是可以接着问 AI :

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我打算采用方案三 ffi 的方式实现,但是 lc3_codec.so 文件从什么地方获取

下面就是我得到的结果:

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对于 LC3 编解码器的 `.so` 文件,您有几个获取途径:

## 1. 官方开源实现

### Google LC3 开源库
```bash
# 克隆官方仓库
git clone https://github.com/google/liblc3.git
cd liblc3

# 构建 Android 版本
mkdir build && cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$ANDROID_NDK/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake \
         -DANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a \
         -DANDROID_PLATFORM=android-21
make
```

这会生成 `liblc3.so` 文件。

### 构建脚本示例
```bash
#!/bin/bash
# build_lc3_android.sh

export ANDROID_NDK_HOME=/path/to/android-ndk
export TOOLCHAIN=$ANDROID_NDK_HOME/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64

# 为不同架构构建
ABIS=("arm64-v8a" "armeabi-v7a" "x86_64" "x86")

for ABI in "${ABIS[@]}"; do
    mkdir -p build_$ABI && cd build_$ABI
    
    cmake .. \
        -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$ANDROID_NDK_HOME/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake \
        -DANDROID_ABI=$ABI \
        -DANDROID_PLATFORM=android-21 \
        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
    
    make -j$(nproc)
    cd ..
done
```

## 2. 预编译库获取

### 从 Android 系统提取
```bash
# 如果设备支持 BLE Audio,可以从系统提取
adb shell find /system -name "*lc3*" -type f
adb shell find /vendor -name "*lc3*" -type f

# 常见位置
adb pull /system/lib64/liblc3.so
adb pull /vendor/lib64/liblc3.so
```

### 第三方预编译版本
一些开发者社区可能提供预编译版本,但建议验证其来源和完整性。

## 3. Flutter 项目集成

### 项目结构
```
your_flutter_project/
├── android/
│   └── app/
│       └── src/
│           └── main/
│               └── jniLibs/
│                   ├── arm64-v8a/
│                   │   └── liblc3.so
│                   ├── armeabi-v7a/
│                   │   └── liblc3.so
│                   ├── x86_64/
│                   │   └── liblc3.so
│                   └── x86/
│                       └── liblc3.so
├── ios/
│   └── Frameworks/
│       └── liblc3.framework/
└── lib/
    └── lc3_codec.dart
```

### CMakeLists.txt 配置
```cmake
# android/app/src/main/cpp/CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18.1)
project(lc3_flutter)

# 添加预编译库
add_library(lc3 SHARED IMPORTED)
set_target_properties(lc3 PROPERTIES
    IMPORTED_LOCATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../jniLibs/${ANDROID_ABI}/liblc3.so
)

# 创建 JNI 包装器
add_library(lc3_flutter SHARED lc3_wrapper.cpp)
target_link_libraries(lc3_flutter lc3 log)
```

## 4. Flutter FFI 实现

### Dart 绑定代码
```dart
// lib/lc3_codec.dart
import 'dart:ffi';
import 'dart:io';
import 'dart:typed_data';
import 'package:ffi/ffi.dart';

class LC3Codec {
  late DynamicLibrary _lib;
  
  // LC3 函数签名
  late final Pointer<NativeFunction<Int32 Function(Int32, Int32)>> _lc3SetupEncoder;
  late final Pointer<NativeFunction<Int32 Function(Pointer<Uint8>, Int32, Pointer<Uint8>, Int32)>> _lc3Encode;
  late final Pointer<NativeFunction<Int32 Function(Pointer<Uint8>, Int32, Pointer<Uint8>, Int32)>> _lc3Decode;
  
  LC3Codec() {
    if (Platform.isAndroid) {
      _lib = DynamicLibrary.open('liblc3.so');
    } else if (Platform.isIOS) {
      _lib = DynamicLibrary.open('liblc3.framework/liblc3');
    } else {
      throw UnsupportedError('Platform not supported');
    }
    
    _initializeFunctions();
  }
  
  void _initializeFunctions() {
    _lc3SetupEncoder = _lib.lookup('lc3_setup_encoder');
    _lc3Encode = _lib.lookup('lc3_encode');
    _lc3Decode = _lib.lookup('lc3_decode');
  }
  
  Uint8List encode(Uint8List audioData, int sampleRate, int bitrate) {
    final inputPtr = malloc<Uint8>(audioData.length);
    final outputPtr = malloc<Uint8>(audioData.length * 2); // 预分配输出缓冲区
    
    try {
      // 复制输入数据
      for (int i = 0; i < audioData.length; i++) {
        inputPtr[i] = audioData[i];
      }
      
      // 调用编码函数
      final encodedLength = _lc3Encode.asFunction<
        int Function(Pointer<Uint8>, int, Pointer<Uint8>, int)
      >()(inputPtr, audioData.length, outputPtr, audioData.length * 2);
      
      // 复制输出数据
      final result = Uint8List(encodedLength);
      for (int i = 0; i < encodedLength; i++) {
        result[i] = outputPtr[i];
      }
      
      return result;
    } finally {
      malloc.free(inputPtr);
      malloc.free(outputPtr);
    }
  }
  
  Uint8List decode(Uint8List encodedData) {
    // 类似的解码实现
    // ...
  }
}
```

## 5. 自定义构建方案

### 创建自己的 LC3 包装库
```cpp
// lc3_wrapper.cpp
#include <jni.h>
#include "lc3.h" // 假设您有 LC3 头文件

extern "C" {

JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_com_yourpackage_LC3Native_encode(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, 
                                      jbyteArray input, jint inputLength,
                                      jbyteArray output, jint outputLength) {
    jbyte* inputBuffer = env->GetByteArrayElements(input, nullptr);
    jbyte* outputBuffer = env->GetByteArrayElements(output, nullptr);
    
    // 调用 LC3 编码函数
    int result = lc3_encode((uint8_t*)inputBuffer, inputLength, 
                           (uint8_t*)outputBuffer, outputLength);
    
    env->ReleaseByteArrayElements(input, inputBuffer, 0);
    env->ReleaseByteArrayElements(output, outputBuffer, 0);
    
    return result;
}

} // extern "C"
```

## 6. 推荐的获取步骤

1. **首选**:从 Google 官方仓库构建
2. **备选**:查找设备系统中的现有库
3. **最后**:考虑第三方预编译版本(需谨慎验证)

### 构建命令总结
```bash
# 克隆并构建
git clone https://github.com/google/liblc3.git
cd liblc3

# Android 构建
./scripts/build_android.sh  # 如果有提供的脚本
# 或手动 cmake 构建

# 复制到 Flutter 项目
cp build/android/arm64-v8a/liblc3.so /path/to/flutter/project/android/app/src/main/jniLibs/arm64-v8a/
```

这样您就可以获得所需的 `liblc3.so` 文件并在 Flutter 项目中使用 FFI 调用了。

现在我们就已经知道源代码的位置了。

一. LC3 代码 -> *.so

bash 复制代码
git clone https://github.com/google/liblc3.git

打开 src,这里面就全是 LC3 的源码。在你的 Flutter 项目中新建一个 native/liblc3 文件夹,然后将 src 中的代码都复制到这个目录中,通过检查代码,我们发现还有 include 文件中还有一些头文件, src 中有依赖,我们把这三个文件也复制到 native/liblc3 文件夹中。看到 lc3.ccommon.h 有下面的代码:

c 复制代码
#include <lc3.h>

我们修改成:

c 复制代码
#include "lc3.h"

1.1 android so 准备

Dart 并不能直接调用 C 中的代码,即便借助 ffi 也做不到,但是能执行编译后的 *.so 文件;于是现在我们有一种直观的办法,也就是先将 LC3 代码编译成 *.so ,但是这样有点麻烦,因为我们需要编译各个架构的包;还有一种方法就是让我们编译 app 的时候自动帮我们生成对应架构的包,也就是利用 gradle 来帮我们做这件事情,首先我们编写 CMakeLists.txt 文件,内容如下:

cmake 复制代码
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22.1)
project(liblc3 C)

# 收集所有 C 源文件
file(GLOB LC3_SOURCES
    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/*.c"
)

# 生成共享库而不是静态库
add_library(liblc3 SHARED ${LC3_SOURCES})

# 头文件目录
target_include_directories(liblc3 PUBLIC
    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}"
)

# 设置库的输出名称(可选)
set_target_properties(liblc3 PROPERTIES
    LIBRARY_OUTPUT_NAME "lc3"
)

放在这里面的 CMakeLists.txt gradle 并不能找到,同时我们需要生成 *.so ,我们能访问到,所以我们在 android/app/main/cpp 下再新建一个 CMakeLists.txt 内容如下:

cmake 复制代码
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22.1)
project(flutter_native_libs C CXX)

# 添加 liblc3 子目录
add_subdirectory(../../../../../native/liblc3 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/liblc3)

# 确保 liblc3 被正确导出
# 这会确保 .so 文件被复制到正确的位置
install(TARGETS liblc3
    LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}
)

然后我们再告诉 gradle 就可以搞定了,首先我们在 android/app/build.gradle.ktsandroid 下新增:

gradle 复制代码
android {
    // 其他配置
    defaultConfig {
        // 其他配置
        
        // 添加 CMake 参数
        externalNativeBuild {
            cmake {
                cppFlags += ""
                // 可选:指定要构建的 ABI
                abiFilters += listOf("armeabi-v7a", "arm64-v8a", "x86", "x86_64")
            }
        }
    }
    // 添加或确保有这个 externalNativeBuild 配置
    externalNativeBuild {
        cmake {
            // 指向我们刚刚创建的 CMakeLists.txt 文件
            path = file("src/main/cpp/CMakeLists.txt")
            // 指定一个 CMake 版本,通常与 Android Gradle Plugin (AGP) 兼容
            // 你可以在 SDK Manager -> SDK Tools 中查看已安装的 CMake 版本
            version = "3.22.1" // 或者 "3.22.1" 等,根据你的环境调整
        }
    }
}

这就完成了 android 。

1.2 ios

基于 xcode Version 16.2 (16C5032a) 编写。

然后把名称命名为: liblc3

然后选中 liblc3 鼠标右键:

然后选择刚才我们的 native/liblc3 下所有的 *.c*.h 的文件。

这里我们选择引用,而不是复制文件,这样的目的是为了只保留一份就可以了,即便我们修改了文件的内容也会同步修改。

然后选择:

在搜索框中搜索 Header Search Paths ,然后:

自此 android 和 ios 的 C 代码的准备工作已经完成。

二. ffi 封装 C 暴露的函数

我对 LC3 不怎么了解,也不知道哪些方法可以使用,但是幸好, liblc3 有 python 基于 c 的封装,代码位置在 github.com/google/libl... 。我把这些代码全部复制出来,然后通过 AI ,让 AI 帮我把这些代码转化成 Dart 的实现:

markdown 复制代码
帮我把上面的 Python 代码转换成 Dart 的方式实现,采用 ffi 的方式暴露给 Flutter 端使用。

然后就得到了下面的代码:

dart 复制代码
import 'dart:ffi';
import 'dart:io';
import 'dart:typed_data';
import 'package:ffi/ffi.dart';

/// Base error raised by liblc3
class BaseError implements Exception {
  final String message;
  BaseError(this.message);

  @override
  String toString() => 'BaseError: $message';
}

/// Error raised when liblc3 cannot be initialized
class InitializationError extends BaseError {
  InitializationError(String message) : super(message);

  @override
  String toString() => 'InitializationError: $message';
}

/// Error raised when a bad argument is given
class InvalidArgumentError extends BaseError {
  InvalidArgumentError(String message) : super(message);

  @override
  String toString() => 'InvalidArgumentError: $message';
}

/// PCM format enum
enum PcmFormat {
  s16(0),
  s24(1),
  s24_3le(2),
  float(3);

  final int value;
  const PcmFormat(this.value);
}

/// Native function signatures
typedef Lc3HrFrameSamplesNative =
    Int32 Function(Bool hrmode, Int32 dt_us, Int32 sr_hz);
typedef Lc3HrFrameSamples = int Function(bool hrmode, int dt_us, int sr_hz);

typedef Lc3HrFrameBlockBytesNative =
    Int32 Function(
      Bool hrmode,
      Int32 dt_us,
      Int32 sr_hz,
      Int32 num_channels,
      Int32 bitrate,
    );
typedef Lc3HrFrameBlockBytes =
    int Function(
      bool hrmode,
      int dt_us,
      int sr_hz,
      int num_channels,
      int bitrate,
    );

typedef Lc3HrResolveBitrateNative =
    Int32 Function(Bool hrmode, Int32 dt_us, Int32 sr_hz, Int32 nbytes);
typedef Lc3HrResolveBitrate =
    int Function(bool hrmode, int dt_us, int sr_hz, int nbytes);

typedef Lc3HrDelaySamplesNative =
    Int32 Function(Bool hrmode, Int32 dt_us, Int32 sr_hz);
typedef Lc3HrDelaySamples = int Function(bool hrmode, int dt_us, int sr_hz);

typedef Lc3HrEncoderSizeNative =
    Uint32 Function(Bool hrmode, Int32 dt_us, Int32 sr_hz);
typedef Lc3HrEncoderSize = int Function(bool hrmode, int dt_us, int sr_hz);

typedef Lc3HrSetupEncoderNative =
    Pointer Function(
      Bool hrmode,
      Int32 dt_us,
      Int32 sr_hz,
      Int32 sr_pcm_hz,
      Pointer mem,
    );
typedef Lc3HrSetupEncoder =
    Pointer Function(
      bool hrmode,
      int dt_us,
      int sr_hz,
      int sr_pcm_hz,
      Pointer mem,
    );

typedef Lc3EncodeNative =
    Int32 Function(
      Pointer encoder,
      Int32 pcm_fmt,
      Pointer pcm,
      Int32 stride,
      Int32 nbytes,
      Pointer data,
    );
typedef Lc3Encode =
    int Function(
      Pointer encoder,
      int pcm_fmt,
      Pointer pcm,
      int stride,
      int nbytes,
      Pointer data,
    );

typedef Lc3HrDecoderSizeNative =
    Uint32 Function(Bool hrmode, Int32 dt_us, Int32 sr_hz);
typedef Lc3HrDecoderSize = int Function(bool hrmode, int dt_us, int sr_hz);

typedef Lc3HrSetupDecoderNative =
    Pointer Function(
      Bool hrmode,
      Int32 dt_us,
      Int32 sr_hz,
      Int32 sr_pcm_hz,
      Pointer mem,
    );
typedef Lc3HrSetupDecoder =
    Pointer Function(
      bool hrmode,
      int dt_us,
      int sr_hz,
      int sr_pcm_hz,
      Pointer mem,
    );

typedef Lc3DecodeNative =
    Int32 Function(
      Pointer decoder,
      Pointer data,
      Int32 nbytes,
      Int32 pcm_fmt,
      Pointer pcm,
      Int32 stride,
    );
typedef Lc3Decode =
    int Function(
      Pointer decoder,
      Pointer data,
      int nbytes,
      int pcm_fmt,
      Pointer pcm,
      int stride,
    );

/// Base class for LC3 encoder and decoder
abstract class LC3Base {
  late final DynamicLibrary _lib;
  late final bool hrmode;
  late final int frameDurationUs;
  late final int sampleRateHz;
  late final int pcmSampleRateHz;
  late final int numChannels;

  // Function pointers
  late final Lc3HrFrameSamples _lc3HrFrameSamples;
  late final Lc3HrFrameBlockBytes _lc3HrFrameBlockBytes;
  late final Lc3HrResolveBitrate _lc3HrResolveBitrate;
  late final Lc3HrDelaySamples _lc3HrDelaySamples;

  LC3Base({
    required this.frameDurationUs,
    required this.sampleRateHz,
    required this.numChannels,
    this.hrmode = false,
    int? pcmSampleRateHz,
    String? libPath,
  }) : pcmSampleRateHz = pcmSampleRateHz ?? sampleRateHz {
    // Validate frame duration
    if (![2500, 5000, 7500, 10000].contains(frameDurationUs)) {
      throw InvalidArgumentError(
        'Invalid frame duration: $frameDurationUs us (${frameDurationUs / 1000} ms)',
      );
    }

    // Validate sample rate
    final allowedSampleRates = hrmode
        ? [48000, 96000]
        : [8000, 16000, 24000, 32000, 48000];

    if (!allowedSampleRates.contains(sampleRateHz)) {
      throw InvalidArgumentError('Invalid sample rate: $sampleRateHz Hz');
    }

    // Load library
    _loadLibrary();
    _initializeFunctions();
  }

  void _loadLibrary() {
    if (Platform.isAndroid) {
      // Android 上加载我们编译的共享库
      _lib = DynamicLibrary.open('liblc3.so');
    } else if (Platform.isIOS) {
      // iOS 上使用 process() 因为库会被静态链接
      _lib = DynamicLibrary.process();
    } else {
      throw UnsupportedError('Unsupported platform');
    }
  }

  void _initializeFunctions() {
    // Check if HR functions are available
    try {
      _lc3HrFrameSamples = _lib
          .lookup<NativeFunction<Lc3HrFrameSamplesNative>>(
            'lc3_hr_frame_samples',
          )
          .asFunction();
      _lc3HrFrameBlockBytes = _lib
          .lookup<NativeFunction<Lc3HrFrameBlockBytesNative>>(
            'lc3_hr_frame_block_bytes',
          )
          .asFunction();
      _lc3HrResolveBitrate = _lib
          .lookup<NativeFunction<Lc3HrResolveBitrateNative>>(
            'lc3_hr_resolve_bitrate',
          )
          .asFunction();
      _lc3HrDelaySamples = _lib
          .lookup<NativeFunction<Lc3HrDelaySamplesNative>>(
            'lc3_hr_delay_samples',
          )
          .asFunction();
    } catch (e) {
      if (hrmode) {
        throw InitializationError('High-Resolution interface not available');
      }
      // Fallback to standard functions
      _initializeFallbackFunctions();
    }
  }

  void _initializeFallbackFunctions() {
    // Create wrapper functions for non-HR mode
    final frameSamples = _lib
        .lookup<NativeFunction<Int32 Function(Int32, Int32)>>(
          'lc3_frame_samples',
        )
        .asFunction<int Function(int, int)>();

    final frameBytes = _lib
        .lookup<NativeFunction<Int32 Function(Int32, Int32)>>('lc3_frame_bytes')
        .asFunction<int Function(int, int)>();

    final resolveBitrate = _lib
        .lookup<NativeFunction<Int32 Function(Int32, Int32)>>(
          'lc3_resolve_bitrate',
        )
        .asFunction<int Function(int, int)>();

    final delaySamples = _lib
        .lookup<NativeFunction<Int32 Function(Int32, Int32)>>(
          'lc3_delay_samples',
        )
        .asFunction<int Function(int, int)>();

    _lc3HrFrameSamples = (hrmode, dtUs, srHz) => frameSamples(dtUs, srHz);
    _lc3HrFrameBlockBytes = (hrmode, dtUs, srHz, numChannels, bitrate) =>
        numChannels * frameBytes(dtUs, bitrate ~/ 2);
    _lc3HrResolveBitrate = (hrmode, dtUs, srHz, nbytes) =>
        resolveBitrate(dtUs, nbytes);
    _lc3HrDelaySamples = (hrmode, dtUs, srHz) => delaySamples(dtUs, srHz);
  }

  /// Returns the number of PCM samples in an LC3 frame
  int getFrameSamples() {
    final ret = _lc3HrFrameSamples(hrmode, frameDurationUs, pcmSampleRateHz);
    if (ret < 0) {
      throw InvalidArgumentError('Bad parameters');
    }
    return ret;
  }

  /// Returns the size of LC3 frame blocks, from bitrate in bits per second
  int getFrameBytes(int bitrate) {
    final ret = _lc3HrFrameBlockBytes(
      hrmode,
      frameDurationUs,
      sampleRateHz,
      numChannels,
      bitrate,
    );
    if (ret < 0) {
      throw InvalidArgumentError('Bad parameters');
    }
    return ret;
  }

  /// Returns the bitrate in bits per second, from the size of LC3 frames
  int resolveBitrate(int numBytes) {
    final ret = _lc3HrResolveBitrate(
      hrmode,
      frameDurationUs,
      sampleRateHz,
      numBytes,
    );
    if (ret < 0) {
      throw InvalidArgumentError('Bad parameters');
    }
    return ret;
  }

  /// Returns the algorithmic delay, as a number of samples
  int getDelaySamples() {
    final ret = _lc3HrDelaySamples(hrmode, frameDurationUs, pcmSampleRateHz);
    if (ret < 0) {
      throw InvalidArgumentError('Bad parameters');
    }
    return ret;
  }

  static (PcmFormat, int) resolvePcmFormat(int? bitDepth) {
    switch (bitDepth) {
      case 16:
        return (PcmFormat.s16, 2);
      case 24:
        return (PcmFormat.s24_3le, 3);
      case null:
        return (PcmFormat.float, 4);
      default:
        throw InvalidArgumentError('Could not interpret PCM bit_depth');
    }
  }
}

/// LC3 Encoder wrapper
class LC3Encoder extends LC3Base {
  final List<Pointer> _encoders = [];
  late final Lc3HrEncoderSize _lc3HrEncoderSize;
  late final Lc3HrSetupEncoder _lc3HrSetupEncoder;
  late final Lc3Encode _lc3Encode;

  LC3Encoder({
    required int frameDurationUs,
    required int sampleRateHz,
    int numChannels = 1,
    bool hrmode = false,
    int? inputSampleRateHz,
    String? libPath,
  }) : super(
         frameDurationUs: frameDurationUs,
         sampleRateHz: sampleRateHz,
         numChannels: numChannels,
         hrmode: hrmode,
         pcmSampleRateHz: inputSampleRateHz,
         libPath: libPath,
       ) {
    _initializeEncoderFunctions();
    _createEncoders();
  }

  void _initializeEncoderFunctions() {
    try {
      _lc3HrEncoderSize = _lib
          .lookup<NativeFunction<Lc3HrEncoderSizeNative>>('lc3_hr_encoder_size')
          .asFunction();
      _lc3HrSetupEncoder = _lib
          .lookup<NativeFunction<Lc3HrSetupEncoderNative>>(
            'lc3_hr_setup_encoder',
          )
          .asFunction();
    } catch (e) {
      if (hrmode) {
        throw InitializationError('High-Resolution interface not available');
      }
      _initializeEncoderFallbackFunctions();
    }

    _lc3Encode = _lib
        .lookup<NativeFunction<Lc3EncodeNative>>('lc3_encode')
        .asFunction();
  }

  void _initializeEncoderFallbackFunctions() {
    final encoderSize = _lib
        .lookup<NativeFunction<Uint32 Function(Int32, Int32)>>(
          'lc3_encoder_size',
        )
        .asFunction<int Function(int, int)>();

    final setupEncoder = _lib
        .lookup<NativeFunction<Pointer Function(Int32, Int32, Int32, Pointer)>>(
          'lc3_setup_encoder',
        )
        .asFunction<Pointer Function(int, int, int, Pointer)>();

    _lc3HrEncoderSize = (hrmode, dtUs, srHz) => encoderSize(dtUs, srHz);
    _lc3HrSetupEncoder = (hrmode, dtUs, srHz, srPcmHz, mem) =>
        setupEncoder(dtUs, srHz, srPcmHz, mem);
  }

  void _createEncoders() {
    for (int i = 0; i < numChannels; i++) {
      final size = _lc3HrEncoderSize(hrmode, frameDurationUs, pcmSampleRateHz);
      final mem = malloc.allocate(size);
      final encoder = _lc3HrSetupEncoder(
        hrmode,
        frameDurationUs,
        sampleRateHz,
        pcmSampleRateHz,
        mem,
      );
      _encoders.add(encoder);
    }
  }

  /// Encodes LC3 frame(s), for each channel
  Uint8List encode(dynamic pcm, int numBytes, {int? bitDepth}) {
    final frameSamples = getFrameSamples();
    final (pcmFormat, sampleSize) = LC3Base.resolvePcmFormat(bitDepth);
    final pcmLen = numChannels * frameSamples;

    Pointer<Uint8> pcmBuffer;

    if (bitDepth == null) {
      // Float input
      if (pcm is! List<double>) {
        throw InvalidArgumentError('Expected List<double> for float PCM input');
      }

      // Validate range
      final sum = pcm.fold<double>(0, (sum, val) => sum + val.abs());
      if (sum / frameSamples >= 2) {
        throw InvalidArgumentError('Out of range PCM input');
      }

      // Create buffer with padding
      final floatBuffer = malloc<Float>(pcmLen);
      for (int i = 0; i < pcm.length && i < pcmLen; i++) {
        floatBuffer[i] = pcm[i];
      }
      for (int i = pcm.length; i < pcmLen; i++) {
        floatBuffer[i] = 0.0;
      }
      pcmBuffer = floatBuffer.cast<Uint8>();
    } else {
      // Byte input
      if (pcm is! Uint8List && pcm is! List<int>) {
        throw InvalidArgumentError('Expected byte data for PCM input');
      }

      final bytes = pcm is Uint8List ? pcm : Uint8List.fromList(pcm);
      final requiredBytes = pcmLen * sampleSize;
      final paddedBytes = Uint8List(requiredBytes);
      paddedBytes.setRange(0, bytes.length.clamp(0, requiredBytes), bytes);

      pcmBuffer = malloc<Uint8>(requiredBytes);
      for (int i = 0; i < requiredBytes; i++) {
        pcmBuffer[i] = paddedBytes[i];
      }
    }

    // Allocate output buffer
    final dataBuffer = malloc<Uint8>(numBytes);
    int dataOffset = 0;

    try {
      for (int ich = 0; ich < numChannels; ich++) {
        final pcmOffset = ich * sampleSize;
        final pcmPtr = pcmBuffer.elementAt(pcmOffset);

        final dataSize =
            numBytes ~/ numChannels + (ich < numBytes % numChannels ? 1 : 0);
        final dataPtr = dataBuffer.elementAt(dataOffset);
        dataOffset += dataSize;

        final ret = _lc3Encode(
          _encoders[ich],
          pcmFormat.value,
          pcmPtr,
          numChannels,
          dataSize,
          dataPtr,
        );

        if (ret < 0) {
          throw InvalidArgumentError('Bad parameters');
        }
      }

      // Copy to Dart Uint8List
      final result = Uint8List(numBytes);
      for (int i = 0; i < numBytes; i++) {
        result[i] = dataBuffer[i];
      }
      return result;
    } finally {
      malloc.free(pcmBuffer);
      malloc.free(dataBuffer);
    }
  }

  void dispose() {
    for (final encoder in _encoders) {
      malloc.free(encoder);
    }
    _encoders.clear();
  }
}

/// LC3 Decoder wrapper
class LC3Decoder extends LC3Base {
  final List<Pointer> _decoders = [];
  late final Lc3HrDecoderSize _lc3HrDecoderSize;
  late final Lc3HrSetupDecoder _lc3HrSetupDecoder;
  late final Lc3Decode _lc3Decode;

  LC3Decoder({
    required int frameDurationUs,
    required int sampleRateHz,
    int numChannels = 1,
    bool hrmode = false,
    int? outputSampleRateHz,
    String? libPath,
  }) : super(
         frameDurationUs: frameDurationUs,
         sampleRateHz: sampleRateHz,
         numChannels: numChannels,
         hrmode: hrmode,
         pcmSampleRateHz: outputSampleRateHz,
         libPath: libPath,
       ) {
    _initializeDecoderFunctions();
    _createDecoders();
  }

  void _initializeDecoderFunctions() {
    try {
      _lc3HrDecoderSize = _lib
          .lookup<NativeFunction<Lc3HrDecoderSizeNative>>('lc3_hr_decoder_size')
          .asFunction();
      _lc3HrSetupDecoder = _lib
          .lookup<NativeFunction<Lc3HrSetupDecoderNative>>(
            'lc3_hr_setup_decoder',
          )
          .asFunction();
    } catch (e) {
      if (hrmode) {
        throw InitializationError('High-Resolution interface not available');
      }
      _initializeDecoderFallbackFunctions();
    }

    _lc3Decode = _lib
        .lookup<NativeFunction<Lc3DecodeNative>>('lc3_decode')
        .asFunction();
  }

  void _initializeDecoderFallbackFunctions() {
    final decoderSize = _lib
        .lookup<NativeFunction<Uint32 Function(Int32, Int32)>>(
          'lc3_decoder_size',
        )
        .asFunction<int Function(int, int)>();

    final setupDecoder = _lib
        .lookup<NativeFunction<Pointer Function(Int32, Int32, Int32, Pointer)>>(
          'lc3_setup_decoder',
        )
        .asFunction<Pointer Function(int, int, int, Pointer)>();

    _lc3HrDecoderSize = (hrmode, dtUs, srHz) => decoderSize(dtUs, srHz);
    _lc3HrSetupDecoder = (hrmode, dtUs, srHz, srPcmHz, mem) =>
        setupDecoder(dtUs, srHz, srPcmHz, mem);
  }

  void _createDecoders() {
    for (int i = 0; i < numChannels; i++) {
      final size = _lc3HrDecoderSize(hrmode, frameDurationUs, pcmSampleRateHz);
      final mem = malloc.allocate(size);
      final decoder = _lc3HrSetupDecoder(
        hrmode,
        frameDurationUs,
        sampleRateHz,
        pcmSampleRateHz,
        mem,
      );
      _decoders.add(decoder);
    }
  }

  /// Decodes an LC3 frame
  dynamic decode(Uint8List? data, {int? bitDepth}) {
    final (pcmFormat, sampleSize) = LC3Base.resolvePcmFormat(bitDepth);
    final pcmLen = numChannels * getFrameSamples();
    final pcmBuffer = malloc<Uint8>(pcmLen * sampleSize);

    Pointer<Uint8>? dataBuffer;
    if (data != null) {
      dataBuffer = malloc<Uint8>(data.length);
      for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
        dataBuffer[i] = data[i];
      }
    }

    try {
      int dataOffset = 0;

      for (int ich = 0; ich < numChannels; ich++) {
        final pcmOffset = ich * sampleSize;
        final pcmPtr = pcmBuffer.elementAt(pcmOffset);

        int ret;
        if (data == null || dataBuffer == null) {
          // PLC mode
          ret = _lc3Decode(
            _decoders[ich],
            nullptr,
            0,
            pcmFormat.value,
            pcmPtr,
            numChannels,
          );
        } else {
          final dataSize =
              data.length ~/ numChannels +
              (ich < data.length % numChannels ? 1 : 0);
          final dataPtr = dataBuffer.elementAt(dataOffset);
          dataOffset += dataSize;

          ret = _lc3Decode(
            _decoders[ich],
            dataPtr,
            dataSize,
            pcmFormat.value,
            pcmPtr,
            numChannels,
          );
        }

        if (ret < 0) {
          throw InvalidArgumentError('Bad parameters');
        }
      }

      // Convert output based on bit depth
      if (bitDepth == null) {
        // Return float array
        final floatPtr = pcmBuffer.cast<Float>();
        final result = List<double>.generate(pcmLen, (i) => floatPtr[i]);
        return result;
      } else {
        // Return byte array
        final result = Uint8List(pcmLen * sampleSize);
        for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
          result[i] = pcmBuffer[i];
        }
        return result;
      }
    } finally {
      malloc.free(pcmBuffer);
      if (dataBuffer != null) {
        malloc.free(dataBuffer);
      }
    }
  }

  void dispose() {
    for (final decoder in _decoders) {
      malloc.free(decoder);
    }
    _decoders.clear();
  }
}

我把这个文件放在了 lib/native/liblc3/lc3.dart 中。自此就已经可以使用了。如果你对这里面的代码不怎么看懂,你可以采用以下方式进行理解和排查问题,首先这里面的代码都是 Dart ,那么语法应该不是问题,如果有看不懂的,可以去 Dart 官方看对应的语法。如果不了解 ffi 相关的 API ,可以点击我上面提供的链接去学习一波。如果你并不希望慢慢的学习这些,那么可以让 AI 帮忙解释,如果你跟我一样,比较喜欢采用大局观到小局观的方式理解,可以让 AI 在编写这些代码之前先输出整个 ffi 加载 C 库的整体逻辑,也就是下面的提示词:

markdown 复制代码
帮我把上面的 Python 代码转换成 Dart 的方式实现,采用 ffi 的方式暴露给 Flutter 端使用。先帮我讲解其原理然后再帮我转换,生成完成后再结合原理讲解一下其对应的实现。

通过上面的提示词就可以得到下面的结果(Claude 4 Sonnet):

markdown 复制代码
我来帮您分析这个Python代码的原理,然后转换为Dart FFI实现。

## 原理分析

这个Python代码是LC3音频编解码器的包装器,主要原理如下:

### 1. 核心组件
- **LC3 (Low Complexity Communications Codec)**: 一种低延迟音频编解码器
- **FFI (Foreign Function Interface)**: 通过ctypes调用C库函数
- **编码器/解码器**: 分别处理PCM音频的压缩和解压缩

### 2. 主要功能
- **动态库加载**: 自动查找并加载LC3库
- **参数验证**: 验证帧时长、采样率等参数
- **内存管理**: 通过malloc/free管理C库内存
- **多声道支持**: 支持多声道音频处理
- **高分辨率模式**: 支持HR模式的更高采样率

### 3. 工作流程
1. 初始化编码器/解码器
2. 分配内存空间
3. 调用C库函数进行编解码
4. 返回处理后的音频数据

## Dart FFI 实现

```dart
// dart 代码
```

## 实现原理对应关系

### 1. **库加载机制**
- **Python**: 使用 `ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary()` 和 `find_library()`
- **Dart**: 使用 `DynamicLibrary.open()` 和平台特定的库名

### 2. **函数绑定**
- **Python**: 通过 `lib.function_name` 直接访问
- **Dart**: 使用 `lookupFunction<NativeType, DartType>()` 显式绑定

### 3. **内存管理**
- **Python**: 通过 libc 的 malloc/free
- **Dart**: 使用 `package:ffi` 的 `malloc`/`free` 或直接调用 libc

### 4. **数据类型转换**
- **Python**: ctypes 自动处理类型转换
- **Dart**: 需要显式的指针操作和类型转换

### 5. **错误处理**
- **Python**: 基于异常的错误处理
- **Dart**: 保持相同的异常层次结构

### 6. **多态支持**
- **Python**: 使用 `@typing.overload` 装饰器
- **Dart**: 使用可选参数和动态返回类型

### 7. **资源管理**
- **Python**: `__del__` 方法自动清理
- **Dart**: 显式的 `dispose()` 方法

这个Dart实现保持了原Python代码的核心功能和API设计,同时利用了Dart的类型安全特性和FFI机制,为Flutter应用提供了高效的LC3音频编解码能力。

三. 流程理解

ffi 调用编译工具编译完的结果,然后我们在 Dart 代码中就能直接使用了。建议先对 ffi 层封装一下,而不是在我们业务代码中直接使用 ffic 代码进行加载。

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