【Docker】【2.docker 安装 ubuntu 桌面版】

一、目标

使用 docker 安装不同版本的 ubuntu .

可以通过 vnc 或者直接在主机上显示。

二、使用 vnc 访问的方式

Dockerfile

shell 复制代码

FROM ubuntu:20.04

ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai

RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y tzdata sudo vim wget curl net-tools dbus-x11 x11-apps && \
    apt-get install -y xfce4 xfce4-terminal tightvncserver && \
    apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 创建普通用户
RUN useradd -m -s /bin/bash dockeruser && \
    echo "dockeruser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers

USER dockeruser
WORKDIR /home/dockeruser

# 设置 VNC 密码
RUN mkdir -p /home/dockeruser/.vnc && \
    echo "1234" | vncpasswd -f > /home/dockeruser/.vnc/passwd && \
    chmod 600 /home/dockeruser/.vnc/passwd

# 创建 xstartup 启动 XFCE
RUN echo '#!/bin/bash\n\
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources\n\
startxfce4 &' > /home/dockeruser/.vnc/xstartup && \
    chmod +x /home/dockeruser/.vnc/xstartup

# 修正启动脚本（含 USER 环境变量 + 等待日志文件）
RUN echo '#!/bin/bash\n\
export USER=dockeruser\n\
export HOME=/home/dockeruser\n\
export DISPLAY=:1\n\
mkdir -p $HOME/.vnc\n\
vncserver :1 -geometry 1280x800 -depth 24\n\
echo "VNC server started on :1 (port 5901)"\n\
echo "To connect: vncviewer localhost:5901"\n\
# 等待日志文件创建\n\
for i in {1..10}; do\n\
    log_file=$(ls -1 $HOME/.vnc/*.log 2>/dev/null | head -n 1)\n\
    if [ -n "$log_file" ]; then\n\
        echo "Tailing log file: $log_file"\n\
        tail -f "$log_file"\n\
        exit 0\n\
    fi\n\
    sleep 1\n\
done\n\
echo "Warning: no VNC log file found."\n\
exec bash' > /home/dockeruser/start_vnc.sh && \
    chmod +x /home/dockeruser/start_vnc.sh

CMD ["/home/dockeruser/start_vnc.sh"]
#CMD ["startxfce4"]

编译

shell 复制代码

docker stop ubuntu20-xfce-vnc 2>/dev/null || true
docker rm ubuntu20-xfce-vnc 2>/dev/null || true

docker build -t ubuntu20-xfce-vnc .

启动docker

shell 复制代码

# 允许 X11 显示（可选）

xhost +local:root

docker run -it --rm \
    --name ubuntu20.4-vnc \
    -p 5901:5901 \
    ubuntu20-xfce-vnc

使用vnc连接

shell 复制代码

$ vncviewer localhost:5901
Connected to RFB server, using protocol version 3.8
Enabling TightVNC protocol extensions
Performing standard VNC authentication
Password:

密码: 1234

三、使用 startxfce4 直接显示在 host 中

Dockerfile

shell 复制代码

FROM ubuntu:20.04

ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai

RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y tzdata sudo vim wget curl net-tools dbus-x11 x11-apps && \
    apt-get install -y xfce4 xfce4-terminal tightvncserver && \
    apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 创建普通用户
RUN useradd -m -s /bin/bash dockeruser && \
    echo "dockeruser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers

USER dockeruser
WORKDIR /home/dockeruser

# 设置 VNC 密码
RUN mkdir -p /home/dockeruser/.vnc && \
    echo "1234" | vncpasswd -f > /home/dockeruser/.vnc/passwd && \
    chmod 600 /home/dockeruser/.vnc/passwd

# 创建 xstartup 启动 XFCE
RUN echo '#!/bin/bash\n\
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources\n\
startxfce4 &' > /home/dockeruser/.vnc/xstartup && \
    chmod +x /home/dockeruser/.vnc/xstartup

# 修正启动脚本（含 USER 环境变量 + 等待日志文件）
RUN echo '#!/bin/bash\n\
export USER=dockeruser\n\
export HOME=/home/dockeruser\n\
export DISPLAY=:1\n\
mkdir -p $HOME/.vnc\n\
vncserver :1 -geometry 1280x800 -depth 24\n\
echo "VNC server started on :1 (port 5901)"\n\
echo "To connect: vncviewer localhost:5901"\n\
# 等待日志文件创建\n\
for i in {1..10}; do\n\
    log_file=$(ls -1 $HOME/.vnc/*.log 2>/dev/null | head -n 1)\n\
    if [ -n "$log_file" ]; then\n\
        echo "Tailing log file: $log_file"\n\
        tail -f "$log_file"\n\
        exit 0\n\
    fi\n\
    sleep 1\n\
done\n\
echo "Warning: no VNC log file found."\n\
exec bash' > /home/dockeruser/start_vnc.sh && \
    chmod +x /home/dockeruser/start_vnc.sh

#CMD ["/home/dockeruser/start_vnc.sh"]
CMD ["startxfce4"]

编译

shell 复制代码

docker stop ubuntu20-xfce-vnc 2>/dev/null || true
docker rm ubuntu20-xfce-vnc 2>/dev/null || true

docker build -t ubuntu20-xfce-vnc .

启动 docker

shell 复制代码

#!/bin/bash
docker stop ubuntu-xfce-vnc 2>/dev/null || true
docker rm ubuntu-xfce-vnc 2>/dev/null || true
set -e

# 允许 X11 显示（可选）
xhost +local:root

# 启动容器
docker run -it --rm \
    --name ubuntu-xfce-vnc \
    --network host \
    -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    -v $HOME:/home/dockeruser/host_home \
    ubuntu20-xfce-vnc startxfce4

此时在主机上会出现，下面的内容，表示你已经将 docker 的输出显示在自己的主机里面了。

强制杀死 startxfce4

shell 复制代码

pkill -f xfce; pkill xfce4-session; ps aux | grep xfce