tcp_Calculator(自定义协议，序列化，反序列化)

小无名呀2025-11-17 15:13

前言：

本文实现了一个基于TCP协议的简单计算器服务器系统，主要包括以下组件：1. Socket封装类(Sock)处理网络通信基础功能；2. 自定义协议(Protocol)实现请求/响应的序列化与反序列化，支持文本和JSON两种格式；3. 计算器服务(Calculator)完成算术运算；4. TcpServer类管理服务器生命周期，采用多进程模型处理客户端请求；5. 客户端程序可发送随机算术请求并解析响应。系统实现了网络通信、协议解析、业务处理等完整流程，采用进程池处理并发请求，并包含日志记录功能。

1.封装Socket.hpp:

cpp 复制代码 
#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include "Log.hpp"

enum
{
    SocketErr = 2,
    BindErr,
    ListenErr,
};

// TODO
const int backlog = 10;

class Sock
{
public:
    Sock()
    {
    }
    ~Sock()
    {
    }

public:
    void Socket()
    {
        sockfd_ = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
        if (sockfd_ < 0)
        {
            lg(Fatal, "socker error, %s: %d", strerror(errno), errno);
            exit(SocketErr);
        }
    }
    void Bind(uint16_t port)
    {
        struct sockaddr_in local;
        memset(&local, 0, sizeof(local));
        local.sin_family = AF_INET;
        local.sin_port = htons(port);
        local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

        if (bind(sockfd_, (struct sockaddr *)&local, sizeof(local)) < 0)
        {
            lg(Fatal, "bind error, %s: %d", strerror(errno), errno);
            exit(BindErr);
        }
    }
    void Listen()
    {
        if (listen(sockfd_, backlog) < 0)
        {
            lg(Fatal, "listen error, %s: %d", strerror(errno), errno);
            exit(ListenErr);
        }
    }
    int Accept(std::string *clientip, uint16_t *clientport)
    {
        struct sockaddr_in peer;
        socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);
        int newfd = accept(sockfd_, (struct sockaddr*)&peer, &len);
        if(newfd < 0)
        {
            lg(Warning, "accept error, %s: %d", strerror(errno), errno);
            return -1;
        }
        char ipstr[64];
        inet_ntop(AF_INET, &peer.sin_addr, ipstr, sizeof(ipstr));
        *clientip = ipstr;
        *clientport = ntohs(peer.sin_port);

        return newfd;
    }
    bool Connect(const std::string &ip, const uint16_t &port)
    {
        struct sockaddr_in peer;
        memset(&peer, 0, sizeof(peer));
        peer.sin_family = AF_INET;
        peer.sin_port = htons(port);
        inet_pton(AF_INET, ip.c_str(), &(peer.sin_addr));

        int n = connect(sockfd_, (struct sockaddr*)&peer, sizeof(peer));
        if(n == -1) 
        {
            std::cerr << "connect to " << ip << ":" << port << " error" << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
    void Close()
    {
        close(sockfd_);
    }
    int Fd()
    {
        return sockfd_;
    }

private:
    int sockfd_;
};

2.定制协议 protocol.hpp:

2.1 Request:

2.1.1 序列化:

cpp 复制代码 
    bool Serialize(std::string *out)
    {
#ifdef MySelf
        // 构建报文的有效载荷
        // struct => string, "x op y"
        std::string s = std::to_string(x);
        s += blank_space_sep;
        s += op;
        s += blank_space_sep;
        s += std::to_string(y);
        *out = s;
        return true;
#else
        Json::Value root;
        root["x"] = x;
        root["y"] = y;
        root["op"] = op;
        // Json::FastWriter w;
        Json::StyledWriter w;
        *out = w.write(root);
        return true;
#endif
    }

2.1.1 反序列化:

cpp 复制代码 
 bool Deserialize(const std::string &in) // "x op y"
    {
#ifdef MySelf
        std::size_t left = in.find(blank_space_sep);
        if (left == std::string::npos)
            return false;
        std::string part_x = in.substr(0, left);

        std::size_t right = in.rfind(blank_space_sep);
        if (right == std::string::npos)
            return false;
        std::string part_y = in.substr(right + 1);

        if (left + 2 != right)
            return false;
        op = in[left + 1];
        x = std::stoi(part_x);
        y = std::stoi(part_y);
        return true;
#else
        Json::Value root;
        Json::Reader r;
        r.parse(in, root);

        x = root["x"].asInt();
        y = root["y"].asInt();
        op = root["op"].asInt();
        return true;
#endif
    }

2.2 Response:

cpp 复制代码 
 bool Serialize(std::string *out)
    {
#ifdef MySelf
        // "result code"
        // 构建报文的有效载荷
        std::string s = std::to_string(result);
        s += blank_space_sep;
        s += std::to_string(code);
        *out = s;
        return true;
#else
        Json::Value root;
        root["result"] = result;
        root["code"] = code;
        // Json::FastWriter w;
        Json::StyledWriter w;
        *out = w.write(root);
        return true;
#endif
    }

2.2.1 序列化:

cpp 复制代码 
    bool Serialize(std::string *out)
    {
#ifdef MySelf
        // "result code"
        // 构建报文的有效载荷
        std::string s = std::to_string(result);
        s += blank_space_sep;
        s += std::to_string(code);
        *out = s;
        return true;
#else
        Json::Value root;
        root["result"] = result;
        root["code"] = code;
        // Json::FastWriter w;
        Json::StyledWriter w;
        *out = w.write(root);
        return true;
#endif
    }

2.2.1 反序列化:

cpp 复制代码 
    bool Deserialize(const std::string &in) // "result code"
    {
#ifdef MySelf
        std::size_t pos = in.find(blank_space_sep);
        if (pos == std::string::npos)
            return false;
        std::string part_left = in.substr(0, pos);
        std::string part_right = in.substr(pos+1);

        result = std::stoi(part_left);
        code = std::stoi(part_right);

        return true;
#else
        Json::Value root;
        Json::Reader r;
        r.parse(in, root);//解析

        result = root["result"].asInt();
        code = root["code"].asInt();
        return true;
#endif
    }

2.3 编码和解码:

2.3.1 编码:

cpp 复制代码 
std::string Encode(std::string &content)
{
    std::string package = std::to_string(content.size());
    package += protocol_sep;
    package += content;
    package += protocol_sep;

    return package;
}

2.3.2 解码:

cpp 复制代码 
bool Decode(std::string &package, std::string *content)
{
    std::size_t pos = package.find(protocol_sep);
    if(pos == std::string::npos) return false;
    std::string len_str = package.substr(0, pos);
    std::size_t len = std::stoi(len_str);
    // package = len_str + content_str + 2
    std::size_t total_len = len_str.size() + len + 2;
    if(package.size() < total_len) return false;

    *content = package.substr(pos+1, len);
    // earse 移除报文 package.erase(0, total_len);
    package.erase(0, total_len);

    return true;
}

3. 计算方法 ServerCal.hpp:

3.1 Calculator:

先把package解码，然后发起请求来反序列化，把反序化结果调用CalculatorHelper进行计算，返回请求，再请求进行编码，最后序列化。

cpp 复制代码 
std::string Calculator(std::string &package)
    {
        std::string content;
        bool r = Decode(package, &content); // "len"\n"10 + 20"\n
        if (!r)
            return "";
        // "10 + 20"
        Request req;
        r = req.Deserialize(content); // "10 + 20" ->x=10 op=+ y=20
        if (!r)
            return "";

        content = "";                          //
        Response resp = CalculatorHelper(req); // result=30 code=0;

        resp.Serialize(&content);  // "30 0"
        content = Encode(content); // "len"\n"30 0"

        return content;
    }

3.2 CalculatorHelper：

计算的具体实现：

cpp 复制代码 
 Response CalculatorHelper(const Request &req)
    {
        Response resp(0, 0);
        switch (req.op)
        {
        case '+':
            resp.result = req.x + req.y;
            break;
        case '-':
            resp.result = req.x - req.y;
            break;
        case '*':
            resp.result = req.x * req.y;
            break;
        case '/':
        {
            if (req.y == 0)
                resp.code = Div_Zero;
            else
                resp.result = req.x / req.y;
        }
        break;
        case '%':
        {
            if (req.y == 0)
                resp.code = Mod_Zero;
            else
                resp.result = req.x % req.y;
        }
        break;
        default:
            resp.code = Other_Oper;
            break;
        }

        return resp;
    }

4.TcpServer.hpp:

4.1 InitServer:

cpp 复制代码 
 bool InitServer()
    {
        listensock_.Socket();
        listensock_.Bind(port_);
        listensock_.Listen();
        lg(Info, "init server .... done");
        return true;
    }

4.2 Start:

一个子进程可以读取多次数据，再每次调用callback(Calculator)，得到多个info，再发出去。

cpp 复制代码 
    void Start()
    {
        signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
        signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
        while (true)
        {
            std::string clientip;
            uint16_t clientport;
            int sockfd = listensock_.Accept(&clientip, &clientport);
            if (sockfd < 0)
                continue;
            lg(Info, "accept a new link, sockfd: %d, clientip: %s, clientport: %d", sockfd, clientip.c_str(), clientport);
            // 提供服务
            if (fork() == 0)
            {
                listensock_.Close();
                std::string inbuffer_stream;
                // 数据计算
                while (true)
                {
                    char buffer[1280];
                    ssize_t n = read(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
                    if (n > 0)
                    {
                        buffer[n] = 0;
                        inbuffer_stream += buffer;

                        lg(Debug, "debug:\n%s", inbuffer_stream.c_str());

                        while (true)
                        {
                            std::string info = callback_(inbuffer_stream);
                            if (info.empty())
                                break;
                            lg(Debug, "debug, response:\n%s", info.c_str());
                            lg(Debug, "debug:\n%s", inbuffer_stream.c_str());
                            write(sockfd, info.c_str(), info.size());
                        }
                    }
                    else if (n == 0)
                        break;
                    else
                        break;
                }

                exit(0);
            }
            close(sockfd);
        }
    }

5.ServerCal.cpp:

cpp 复制代码 
static void Usage(const std::string &proc)
{
    std::cout << "\nUsage: " << proc << " port\n" << std::endl; 
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if(argc != 2)
    {
        Usage(argv[0]);
        exit(0);
    }
    uint16_t port = std::stoi(argv[1]);
    ServerCal cal;
    TcpServer *tsvp = new TcpServer(port, 
        std::bind(&ServerCal::Calculator, &cal, std::placeholders::_1));
    tsvp->InitServer();
    // Daemon();
    daemon(0, 0);
    tsvp->Start();
    return 0;
}

6.ClientCal.cc

cpp 复制代码 
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <ctime>
#include <cassert>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "Socket.hpp"
#include "Protocol.hpp"

static void Usage(const std::string &proc)
{
    std::cout << "\nUsage: " << proc << " serverip serverport\n"
              << std::endl;
}

// ./clientcal ip port
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc != 3)
    {
        Usage(argv[0]);
        exit(0);
    }
    std::string serverip = argv[1];
    uint16_t serverport = std::stoi(argv[2]);

    Sock sockfd;
    sockfd.Socket();
    bool r = sockfd.Connect(serverip, serverport);
    if(!r) return 1;

    srand(time(nullptr) ^ getpid());
    int cnt = 1;
    const std::string opers = "+-*/%=-=&^";

    std::string inbuffer_stream;
    while(cnt <= 10)
    {
        std::cout << "===============第" << cnt << "次测试....., " << "===============" << std::endl;
        int x = rand() % 100 + 1;
        usleep(1234);
        int y = rand() % 100;
        usleep(4321);
        char oper = opers[rand()%opers.size()];
        Request req(x, y, oper);
        req.DebugPrint();

        std::string package;
        req.Serialize(&package);

        package = Encode(package);

        write(sockfd.Fd(), package.c_str(), package.size());
     
        char buffer[128];
        ssize_t n = read(sockfd.Fd(), buffer, sizeof(buffer)); // 我们也无法保证我们能读到一个完整的报文
        if(n > 0)
        {
            buffer[n] = 0;
            inbuffer_stream += buffer; // "len"\n"result code"\n
            std::cout << inbuffer_stream << std::endl;
            std::string content;
            bool r = Decode(inbuffer_stream, &content); // "result code"
            assert(r);

            Response resp;
            r = resp.Deserialize(content);
            assert(r);

            resp.DebugPrint();
        }

        std::cout << "=================================================" << std::endl;
        sleep(1);

        cnt++;
    }


    sockfd.Close();
    return 0;
}

7.代码链接：

Linux: 记录Linux学习。

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